3DEM History and Genealogy 1968-2011
Welcome to the Web Page on the History of 3-Dimensional Electron Microscopy in Biology
Since the inception of the field of 3-Dimensional Electron Microscopy in Biology in 1968 there has been remarkable growth in the number of labs and scientists active in the field of 3DEM.
The aim of this website is to provide links to some of the original papers which spawned the field and reviews which have chronicled the subsequent development of the field. Several of these resources are published personal accountings by colleagues who were central in the field, and also narratives written especially for this project.
An attempt has been made to present a genealogy reflecting the original groups in the field and to show how the field has propagated from the few pioneer laboratories in 3DEM, and the interrelationships between them.
The genealogy data in the map has purposely been cut off at the year 2011. This arose because of the almost exponential rise in 3DEM activity since this date. We felt that chronicling the early steps of the development of the field would provide a valuable resource in understanding how the field evolved.
Here is a link to the criteria used for inclusion in the genealogy.
We rely on you, our colleagues, to make further contributions to the website and to guide us in the accuracy of the facts we present. Please feel free to contact us (Alexis, Martin, Ardan)!
Network Visualization
This is an attempt at an academic genealogy of the field of 3D EM and is a work in progress.
Academic genealogy: Frequently Asked Questions
This genealogy aims to record the growth of the field of 3D EM from 1968 to 2011
Who is included?
Researchers who hold or have held permanent positions and who have made a significant contribution to the field of 3D EM. PhD students, postdocs and other non-permanent scientists are not included. Tenure-track faculty are included.
Technical Staff with more than 5 publications in the field of 3DEM are also included in the list.
What do arrows signify?
Links denote mentorship. Typically, PhD supervisor – student and PI – postdoc relationships are denoted by links. If a person trained or worked in more than one lab, these relationships may be indicated.
Why are some nodes larger, more visible than others?
The choice of which nodes to emphasize aims to reflect:
- Those scientists who initiated the field of 3D EM
- The number of their academic “descendants”
- The fact that some researchers entered the field independently of others, in a sense becoming “first-generation” contributors
Why is X not included? I can see errors, can they be corrected?
Since there is no authoritative source for information needed to compile this genealogy we rely on feedback to ensure there are no omissions or other mistakes.
Development of the field of 3DEM
Publications related to the history of 3D EM
| David DeRosier | 3D reconstruction from electron micrographs a personal account of its development | Methods Enzymol. 2010;481:1-24 |
| Bob Glaeser | Review: Electron Crystallography: Present Excitement, a Nod to the Past, Anticipating the Future | J Struct Biol. 1999 Dec 1;128(1):3-14 |
| Ken Taylor, Bob Glaeser | Retrospective on the early development of cryoelectron microscopy of macromolecules and a prospective on opportunities for the future | J Struct Biol. 2008 Sep;163(3):214-23 |
| Obituary: Walter Hoppe | J. Appl. Cryst. (1987) 20, 324-325 | |
| Bruno Strasser, Jacques Dubochet | Obituary: Eduard Kellenberger (1920-2004) | Nature. 2005 Feb 24;433(7028):817 |
| Marin van Heel | Jean-Pierre Bretaudière (1946-2008) and the early days of multivariate statistics in electron microscopy | In: "An electronic text book: Electron microscopy in Life Science", 3D-EM Network of Excellence, Editors: A. Verkley and E. Orlova (2009) |
| R. Nuzzo | Profile of Chikashi Toyoshima | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 31;103(5):1165-7 |
| Aaron Klug | Aaron Klug - Autobiography | Nobelprize.org. 17 Jul 2011 |
| Don Caspar, David DeRosier | The 1982 Nobel Prize in chemistry | Science. 1982 Nov 12;218(4573):653-5 |
| John Finch | A Nobel Fellow on Every Floor | Book published by MRC/LMB |
| Anthony Crowther | From Envelopes to Atoms: The Remarkable Progress of Biological Electron Microscopy | Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2010;81:1-32. |
| Viruses and the development of quantitative biological electron microscopy | Notes Rec R Soc Lond. 2004 Jan;58(1):65-81. | |
| Nikolai Andreevich Kiselev | Nikolai Andreevich Kiselev (On the Occasion of His 80th Birthday) | Kristallografiya, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 6, pp. 1149–1150. translated in Crystallography Reports, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 6, pp. 1091–1092 |
| Wolfgang Baumeister | A voyage to the inner space of cells | Protein Sci. 2005 January; 14(1): 257–269. |
| Arthur L Robinson | Electron Microscopy: Imaging Molecules in Three Dimensions | Science 1976 April; Vol. 192 no. 4237 pp. 360-400 |
| Jacques Dubochet | Cryo-EM—the first thirty years | Journal of Microscopy 2011; Vol. 245 no. 3 pp. 1-4 |
| Joachim Frank | Single-particle Cryo-electron Microscopy: The Path Toward Atomic Resolution/Selected Papers Of Joachim Frank With Commentaries (Series in Structural Biology) | April 6, 2018 |
Original personal narratives
These narratives were specially provided to this 3DEM history website by the authors below. We welcome further contributions.
| Robert Josephs | A profile of a researcher in the field of electron crystallography | October 2015 |
| Michael Rossmann | A short scientific autobiography of Michael G. Rossmann | September 2011 |
| Ondreij Krivanek | Ondrej Krivanek’s contribution to microscopy: Memories of an adventure! | August 2018 |
Other Links
Web of stories: video interview of Aaron Klug & Nobel interview with Aaron Klug
Contributors
Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the National Cancer Institute, NIH
Quick links
Recent Entries
(Show all)
Cryo-EM structure of human TRPM4 channel in the warm conformation in complex with calcium and TPPO at 37 degrees Celsius (monomeric TMD-focused map with best-resolved TPPO density)
Human telomerase catalytic core with shelterin protein TPP1, dGpNHpp and DNA primer ending in TTAG
Human telomerase catalytic core with shelterin protein TPP1, BIBR1532 and DNA primer ending in AGGG
Human telomerase catalytic core with shelterin protein TPP1, BIBR1532 and DNA primer ending in TTAG
Class III (T1D0) of Human telomerase catalytic core with shelterin protein TPP1, BIBR1532, dGpNHpp and DNA primer ending in TTAG
Class I (T1D0+) of Human telomerase catalytic core with shelterin protein TPP1, BIBR1532, dGpNHpp and DNA primer ending in TTAG
Class II ("T0D0") of Human telomerase catalytic core with shelterin protein TPP1, BIBR1532, dGpNHpp and DNA primer ending in TTAG
Human telomerase catalytic core with shelterin protein TPP1 and DNA primer ending in TTAG
Human telomerase catalytic core with shelterin protein TPP1, BIBR1532, dTpNHpp and DNA primer ending in AGGG
Human telomerase catalytic core with shelterin protein TPP1, dTpNHpp and DNA primer ending in AGGG
Cryo-EM structure of the DDB1deltaB-CRBN-Pomalidomide complex bound to IKZF1(ZF1-ZF2-Helix)
Cryo-EM structure of the DDB1deltaB-CRBN-Pomalidomide complex bound to SALL4(ZF1-ZF2-Helix)
Cryo-EM structure of the DDB1deltaB-CRBN-ALV2 complex bound to HELIOS
Cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 BA.3.2.1 spike with K852A mutation, flexible conformation
Cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 BA.3.2.1 spike with N529Q mutation, open conformation
Cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 BA.3.2.1 spike with N529Q mutation, flexible conformation
Composite Map of the Macrocystis pyrifera Photosystem I Supercomplex
Local refinement of RBDA, RBDC, and NTDB of SARS-CoV-2 BA.3.2.1 spike with K852A mutation, closed conformation
Local refinement of the RBD and NTD in the closed BA.3.2.1 spike with N529Q mutant
Cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 BA.3.2.1 Spike with K852A mutation, closed conformation
Cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 BA.3.2.1 spike with K852A mutation, open conformation
Cryo-EM structure of SecM-arrested 70S ribosome with YheS, local-masked refined map on LSU.
Cryo-EM structure of SecM-arrested 70S ribosome with YheS, the overall refined map
Cryo-EM structure of SecM-arrested 70S ribosome with YheS, local-masked refined map on the SSU body.
Cryo-EM structure of SecM-arrested 70S ribosome with YheS, local-masked refined map on the SSU head.
Cryo-EM structure of SecM-arrested 70S ribosome with YheS, local-masked refined map on YheS and L1 stalk.
Cryo-EM structure of EB1002-bound neurokinin 2 receptor (NK2R) in complex with miniGs/q70
Cryo-EM structure of neurokinin A (NKA)-bound neurokinin 2 receptor (NK2R) in complex with miniGs/q70
Cryo-EM structure of EB1001-bound neurokinin 2 receptor (NK2R) in complex with miniGs/q70
Cryo-EM structure of Peptide 336 (P336)-bound neurokinin 2 receptor (NK2R) in complex with miniGs/q70
Cryo-EM structure of Peptide 383 (P383)-bound neurokinin 2 receptor (NK2R) in complex with miniGs/q70
Solution structure of Clostridioides difficile CspA protein in complex with CspC and Taurocholate, determined by CryoEM
Solution structure of Clostridioides difficile CspB protein determined by CryoEM
Echovirus 18 particle missing one pentamer in situ, asymmetric reconstruction
Echovirus 18 particle missing three pentamers in situ, asymmetric reconstruction
Local refinement of BA.3.2 spike (3-RBD-down), RBD-A, RBD-C and NTD-B
Echovirus 18 particle missing two pentamers in situ, asymmetric reconstruction
Echovirus 18 particle missing one pentamer in situ, symmetrized reconstruction (C5)
Solution structure of Clostridioides difficile CspB oligomer determined by CryoEM
Echovirus 18 particle missing two pentamers in situ, symmetrized reconstruction (C2)
P1a-state of wild type human mitochondrial LONP1 protease with bound substrate protein, ADP and aluminum fluoride
Local refinement of hACE2/SARS-CoV-2 BA.3.2.1 spike, conformation 1
Cryo-EM structure of Aspergillus fumigatus ErdS dimer with tRNA(Asp) acceptor stem in an intermediate position toward the ATT active site
Cryo-EM structure of Aspergillus fumigatus ErdS dimer with tRNA(Asp) acceptor stem docked at the AspRS active site
Local refinement of the receptor in the cryo-EM map of the Gq-coupled LPAR5 in complex with LPA
Local refinement of the G protein and scFv16 in the cryo-EM map of the Gq-coupled LPAR5 in complex with LPA
Cryo-EM structure of the inward-facing sodium-bound NhaA at pH 8.5
Cryo-EM structure of the inward-facing apo NhaA with flexible N-terminus at pH 7.5
Cryo-EM structure of the inward-facing apo NhaA with flexible N-terminus at pH 6.3
Structure of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) L protein bound to 5' vRNA and nanobody 20096.
Cryo-EM structure of the inward-facing apo NhaA in the plugged state at pH 6.3
Cryo-EM structure of the inward-facing apo NhaA in the plugged state at pH 8.5
Structure of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) L protein.
Cryo-EM structure of the inward-facing apo NhaA in the unplugged state at pH 5.5
Cryo-EM structure of the inward-facing apo NhaA in the unplugged state at pH 7.5
Cryo-EM structure of the consensus inward-facing apo NhaA dimer at pH 7.5
Cryo-EM structure of the inward-facing apo NhaA in the plugged state at pH 7.5
Cryo-EM structure of the inward-facing apo NhaA in the unplugged state at pH 6.3
Cryo-EM structure of the inward-facing apo NhaA in the open-funnel state at pH 8.5
Cryo-EM structure of the inward-facing apo NhaA in the unplugged state at pH 8.5
Cryo-EM structure of the inward-facing apo NhaA with flexible N-terminus at pH 8.5
PSI complex of A.thaliana isolated using DOC based Clear-Native-PAGE method
Cryo-EM structure of pocket engineered OR52cs in its active state
Tomogram of natural silk fibroin extracted from posterior silk glands
Cryo-EM structure of a triangular-prism protein-DNA complex (D17-11-2t-10a/10b-T)
Cryo-EM structure of a triangular-prism protein-DNA complex (D17-6-2t-10a/10b-T)
Cryo-EM structure of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast F1Fo-ATP synthase
Cryo-EM structure of the inward-facing apo NhaA in the plugged state at pH 5.5
Cryo-EM structure of the inward-facing apo NhaA with flexible N-terminus at pH 5.5
CryoEM structure of human alpha1beta3gamma2 GABA(A)R in complex with GARLH4 and the Neuroligin2 transmembrane helix, in CL47a
Focused refinement of turnover filament interface of glutamine synthetase
Naked mole-rat 80S ribosome in post-translocation non-rotated state
Naked mole-rat 80S ribosome in pre-translocation rotated hybrid state
Thermotoga maritima threonylcarbamoyl transfer complex (TsaB2D) in complex with Escherichia coli tRNA(THR)
Cryo-EM structure of NapA, the periplasmic nitrate reductase from Campylobacter jejuni
Thermotoga maritima threonylcarbamoyl transfer complex (TsaB2D) in complex with Thermotoga maritima tRNA(LYS)
MP1104-bound Kappa Opioid Receptor in complex with beta-arrestin1
Rabbit ribosomal 80S elongation complex with eEF2, partial P site Ala-tRNA, E site Ala-tRNA on NediV ORF
NediV IRES in complex with Rabbit 80S ribosome with eEF2 and P site Ala-tRNA
Rabbit ribosomal 80S elongation complex with eEF1A, A*/T Ala-tRNA, P site Ala-tRNA, E site Ala-tRNA on NediV ORF
PDX in Cell-Free Lysate Treated with Benzonase and Reverse-His purification
Artemia ferritin cell-free expression with reverse his purification and 1MDa MWCO Filtration
NediV IRES in complex with Rabbit 80S ribosome with A site Ala-tRNA
Structure of human Fab HB31 in complex with influenza H1N1 A/Solomon Island/3/2006 hemagglutinin
Structure of human Fab HB34 in complex with influenza H1N1 A/Solomon Island/3/2006 hemagglutinin
Structure of human Fab HB315 in complex with influenza H1N1 A/Solomon Island/3/2006 hemagglutinin
Open-AHD loperamide-mu opioid receptor-Gi GDP complex (constant GDP) - Locally refined Gi map
Artemia ferritin cell-free expressed and filtered using 300 kDa MWCO
Open-AHD naloxone-mu opioid receptor-Gi GDP complex (constant GDP) - Consensus map
Engaged-state naloxone-mu opioid receptor-Gi GDPbS complex (rebound) - Consensus map
Latent-state naloxone-mu opioid receptor-Gi GDP complex (constant GDP) - Consensus map
Cryo-EM Structure of Human C3 Pro-Convertase bound to the Compstatin Analog Cp60, TED Conformation 2
Engaged-state naloxone-mu opioid receptor-Gi GDP complex (constant GDP) - Consensus map
Artemia ferritin cell-free expression with reverse his purification and 1MDa filtration
Cryo-EM Structure of Human C3 Pro-Convertase bound to the Compstatin Analog Cp60, TED Conformation 1
The cryo-EM structure of ATRX in complex with the nucleosome in the ADP.BeFx-bound state (composite)
CryoEM structure of transcribing RNA polymerase II elongation complex with ATP and Elf1_3D classification map containing the complete nucleic acid scaffold
CryoEM structure of transcribing RNA polymerase II elongation complex with ATP and Elf1
Consensus cryo-EM volume of the PseCascade-TniQ-TnsC complex bound to TnsB-hook motifs
TnsC-focused cryo-EM volume of the PseCascade-TniQ-TnsC-TnsAB holocomplex
TnsC-focused cryo-EM volume of the PseCascade-TniQ-TnsC complex bound to TnsB-hook motifs
Consensus cryo-EM volume of the PseCascade-TniQ-TnsC-TnsAB holocomplex
Cryo-EM structure of the PseCascade-TniQ-TnsC complex bound to PseTnsB-hook motifs
TnsAB-focused cryo-EM volume of the PseCascade-TniQ-TnsC-TnsAB holocomplex
Cascade-TniQ-TnsC-focused cryo-EM volume of the PseCascade-TniQ-TnsC-TnsAB holocomplex
Siphohage OE33PA upon binding to its Gram+ host cell surface (view 2)
Siphohage OE33PA upon binding to its Gram+ host cell surface (view 1)
Siphohage OE33PA upon binding to its Gram+ host cell surface (view 4)
Siphohage OE33PA upon binding to its Gram+ host cell surface (view 3)
Siphohage OE33PA upon binding to its Gram+ host cell surface (view 5)
Siphohage OE33PA upon binding to its Gram+ host cell surface (view 6)
DNA in the capsid-tail connector of the phage OE33PA (classification focused on the adaptor-stopper region)
Siphohage OE33PA upon binding to its Gram+ host cell surface (view 7)
DNA in the capsid-tail connector of the phage OE33PA (classification focused on the capsid-portal junction)
Adhesion device of the phage OE33PA (unsymmetrized 3D reconstruction)
adhesion device (C3 symmetrized reconstruction) of the phage OE33PA
C6 symmetrized reconstruction of the adhesion device of the phage OE33PA
RBP trimer bound to a monomer of the distal tail protein of the phage OE33PA
Conformational variability of the phage OE33PA adhesion device (State 1)
Conformational variability of the phage OE33PA adhesion device (State 2)
Cryo-EM structure of monomeric Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase from dog (Canis familiaris) complexed with 19A9 triabody in the closed conformation
Cryo-EM structure of monomeric Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase from dog (Canis familiaris) complexed with 19A9 triabody in the open conformation
Cryo-EM structure of Tundra swan ACE2 complexed with SARS-CoV-2 RBD
Cryo-EM structure of Black swan ACE2 complexed with SARS-CoV-2 RBD
Structure of human proteasome ATPase-CP intermediate assembles with 90min rapaprotin addition
Structure of human proteasome ATPase-CP intermediate assembles with 90min rapaprotin addition
Structure of human proteasome ATPase-CP intermediate assembles with 15min rapaprotin addition
Cryo-EM structure of the EBV 1/2 DS bound to the EBNA1 DBD, TRF2, and Rap1
cryoEM structure of hexametric HtrA from Borrelia burgdorferi with bound peptides in the active sites
BRCA1-A complex bound to K63-polyUbATA - open form double State P
BRCA1-A complex: Ubiquitin bound to BRE at the wrist site (focused 3D class)
Structure of open BRCA1-A complex bound to polyUbATA - focused classification on elbow Ubiquitin
Pr-Pfr heterodimer state of Stigmatella aurantiaca bacteriophytochrome 2
Pr-pr homodimer state of Stigmatella aurantiaca bacteriophytochrome 2
Cryo-EM structure of human TRPM4 channel in the cold conformation in complex with calcium and TPPO at 37 degrees Celsius (monomeric TMD-focused map with best-resolved TPPO density)