3DEM History and Genealogy 1968-2011
Welcome to the Web Page on the History of 3-Dimensional Electron Microscopy in Biology
Since the inception of the field of 3-Dimensional Electron Microscopy in Biology in 1968 there has been remarkable growth in the number of labs and scientists active in the field of 3DEM.
The aim of this website is to provide links to some of the original papers which spawned the field and reviews which have chronicled the subsequent development of the field. Several of these resources are published personal accountings by colleagues who were central in the field, and also narratives written especially for this project.
An attempt has been made to present a genealogy reflecting the original groups in the field and to show how the field has propagated from the few pioneer laboratories in 3DEM, and the interrelationships between them.
The genealogy data in the map has purposely been cut off at the year 2011. This arose because of the almost exponential rise in 3DEM activity since this date. We felt that chronicling the early steps of the development of the field would provide a valuable resource in understanding how the field evolved.
Here is a link to the criteria used for inclusion in the genealogy.
We rely on you, our colleagues, to make further contributions to the website and to guide us in the accuracy of the facts we present. Please feel free to contact us (Alexis, Martin, Ardan)!
Network Visualization
This is an attempt at an academic genealogy of the field of 3D EM and is a work in progress.
Academic genealogy: Frequently Asked Questions
This genealogy aims to record the growth of the field of 3D EM from 1968 to 2011
Who is included?
Researchers who hold or have held permanent positions and who have made a significant contribution to the field of 3D EM. PhD students, postdocs and other non-permanent scientists are not included. Tenure-track faculty are included.
Technical Staff with more than 5 publications in the field of 3DEM are also included in the list.
What do arrows signify?
Links denote mentorship. Typically, PhD supervisor – student and PI – postdoc relationships are denoted by links. If a person trained or worked in more than one lab, these relationships may be indicated.
Why are some nodes larger, more visible than others?
The choice of which nodes to emphasize aims to reflect:
- Those scientists who initiated the field of 3D EM
- The number of their academic “descendants”
- The fact that some researchers entered the field independently of others, in a sense becoming “first-generation” contributors
Why is X not included? I can see errors, can they be corrected?
Since there is no authoritative source for information needed to compile this genealogy we rely on feedback to ensure there are no omissions or other mistakes.
Development of the field of 3DEM
Publications related to the history of 3D EM
| David DeRosier | 3D reconstruction from electron micrographs a personal account of its development | Methods Enzymol. 2010;481:1-24 |
| Bob Glaeser | Review: Electron Crystallography: Present Excitement, a Nod to the Past, Anticipating the Future | J Struct Biol. 1999 Dec 1;128(1):3-14 |
| Ken Taylor, Bob Glaeser | Retrospective on the early development of cryoelectron microscopy of macromolecules and a prospective on opportunities for the future | J Struct Biol. 2008 Sep;163(3):214-23 |
| Obituary: Walter Hoppe | J. Appl. Cryst. (1987) 20, 324-325 | |
| Bruno Strasser, Jacques Dubochet | Obituary: Eduard Kellenberger (1920-2004) | Nature. 2005 Feb 24;433(7028):817 |
| Marin van Heel | Jean-Pierre Bretaudière (1946-2008) and the early days of multivariate statistics in electron microscopy | In: "An electronic text book: Electron microscopy in Life Science", 3D-EM Network of Excellence, Editors: A. Verkley and E. Orlova (2009) |
| R. Nuzzo | Profile of Chikashi Toyoshima | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 31;103(5):1165-7 |
| Aaron Klug | Aaron Klug - Autobiography | Nobelprize.org. 17 Jul 2011 |
| Don Caspar, David DeRosier | The 1982 Nobel Prize in chemistry | Science. 1982 Nov 12;218(4573):653-5 |
| John Finch | A Nobel Fellow on Every Floor | Book published by MRC/LMB |
| Anthony Crowther | From Envelopes to Atoms: The Remarkable Progress of Biological Electron Microscopy | Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2010;81:1-32. |
| Viruses and the development of quantitative biological electron microscopy | Notes Rec R Soc Lond. 2004 Jan;58(1):65-81. | |
| Nikolai Andreevich Kiselev | Nikolai Andreevich Kiselev (On the Occasion of His 80th Birthday) | Kristallografiya, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 6, pp. 1149–1150. translated in Crystallography Reports, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 6, pp. 1091–1092 |
| Wolfgang Baumeister | A voyage to the inner space of cells | Protein Sci. 2005 January; 14(1): 257–269. |
| Arthur L Robinson | Electron Microscopy: Imaging Molecules in Three Dimensions | Science 1976 April; Vol. 192 no. 4237 pp. 360-400 |
| Jacques Dubochet | Cryo-EM—the first thirty years | Journal of Microscopy 2011; Vol. 245 no. 3 pp. 1-4 |
| Joachim Frank | Single-particle Cryo-electron Microscopy: The Path Toward Atomic Resolution/Selected Papers Of Joachim Frank With Commentaries (Series in Structural Biology) | April 6, 2018 |
Original personal narratives
These narratives were specially provided to this 3DEM history website by the authors below. We welcome further contributions.
| Robert Josephs | A profile of a researcher in the field of electron crystallography | October 2015 |
| Michael Rossmann | A short scientific autobiography of Michael G. Rossmann | September 2011 |
| Ondreij Krivanek | Ondrej Krivanek’s contribution to microscopy: Memories of an adventure! | August 2018 |
Other Links
Web of stories: video interview of Aaron Klug & Nobel interview with Aaron Klug
Contributors
Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the National Cancer Institute, NIH
Quick links
Recent Entries
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Composite map of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 3
Consensus map of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 3
Focused map of area 1 of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 4
Consensus map of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 4
Composite map of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 4
Focused map of area 2 of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 4
Focused map of area 2 of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 3
Structure of eIF2B decamer bound to (P)eIF2 alpha and Compound A-(S)
Cryo-EM structure of Arabidopsis TIR-NLR WRR4A tetramer in complex with weakly bound effector CCG28 (C2-symmetry)
CM1-activated gTuRC in complex with nascent alpha-E254D mutant microtubules
Cryo-EM structure of human ATR-ATRIP complex with ATPgammaS and Chk1
Composite map of Type II-A CRISPR integrase prespacer catching complex, State I
Focused map of Type II-A CRISPR integrase prespacer catching complex, State I
Focused map of Type II-A CRISPR integrase prespacer catching complex, State II
Human Argonaute2 R315V/H316A - guide RNA in complex with a fully complementary target (conformation 2)
Human Argonaute2 WT - guide(3 prime-amino) RNA in complex with a fully complementary target
Human Argonaute2 R315V/H316A - guide10U RNA in complex with a complementary target to position 19
The partially ruptured LBD state of GluK2/K5 with 5-iodowillardiine and kynurenic acid sodium salt
Structure of the Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) receptor-binding domain bound to the RBD minibinder 11, the PD3 Fab, and the Kappa light chain nanobody (local refinement)
CryoEM structure of transcribing RNA polymerase II elongation complex_Local density map of Jaw/RPB9
CryoEM structure of transcribing RNA polymerase II elongation complex_Composite map
CryoEM structure of transcribing RNA polymerase II elongation complex_Local density map of RPB9
CryoEM structure of transcribing RNA polymerase II elongation complex_Local density map of RPB12/Wall
CryoEM structure of transcribing RNA polymerase II elongation complex_3D classification map containing the complete nucleic acid scaffold
CryoEM structure of transcribing RNA polymerase II elongation complex_Local density map of RPB4/7
Assembly intermediate of human mitochondrial ribosome small subunit in complex with NOA1 and TFB1M (state N3)
Structure of the human chimera HCN112 hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel.
Human TRPC5 in complex with (-) englerin A, full occupancy, intermediary desensitized state
Structure of the human HCN1dC hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel.
Human TRPC5 in complex with (-) englerin A, full occupancy, state 1, on 290 nm gold foil holes (HexAuFoil)
TRPC5 apo cryoEM map in the presence of pluronic acid (PA), state 2
Human TRPC5 in complex with (-) englerin A, mixed occupancy, state 2
Human TRPC5 in complex with (-) englerin A, partial occupancy (2EA:2LIP stoichiometry) state 1
Human TRPC5 in complex with (-) englerin A, mixed occupancy, state 1
Human TRPC5 in complex with (-) englerin A, full occupancy, state 2, on 290 nm gold foil holes (HexAuFoil)
Human TRPC5 in complex with (-) englerin A, mixed occupancy_2, state 2
Human TRPC5 in complex with (-) englerin A, partial occupancy (2EA:2LIP stoichiometry) state 2
Cryo-EM structure of P. abyssi 70S ribosome in complex with hibernation factor HibA (HibA-uL5 conformation)
in situ subtomogram average of the V-ATPase from dopaminergic varicosities
Cryo-EM structure of human urate transporter GLUT9 bound to a selective inhibitor SG4
in situ subtomogram average of TRiC particles from dopaminergic varicosities
Ubiquinol Binding Site of Cytochrome bo3 from Acinetobacter baumannii
Ubiquinol Binding Site of Cytochrome bo3 from Acinetobacter baumannii
Ubiquinol Binding Site of Cytochrome bo3 from Acinetobacter baumannii
Structure of KP.3 spike in complex with Nanosota-9B (local refinement)
Cryo-EM structure of cGAS tetramer in complex with BuDNA (bubble DNA)
CHIP E3 ligase CC domain dimer-Fab 2D2 epitope focused refinement
CryoEM structure of human MATa2 in complex with MAT2B isoform v1 at 2.6 A resolution
Single particle cryo-EM structure of human MTCH2 (hyperactive mutant K25E Y235A V238D)
Single particle cryo-EM structure of human MTCH2 (hyperactive mutant F285N F286N)
CryoEM map of the ATPase domain of SMARCA4 and the finger helix of BCL7A bound to a nucleosome
Cryo-EM map of the ATPase domain of SMARCA4 bound to a nucleosome
Cryo-electron microscopic structure of a novel amidohydrolase ADH3 triple mutation
Consensus map of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 1
Composite map of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 5
Composite map of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 1
Focused map of area 2 of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 1
Consensus map of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 2
Focused map of area 2 of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 2
Focused map of area 1 of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 5
Human carboxyhemoglobin bound to full-length Staphylococcus aureus IsdH - IsdH:Hbdim complex
Consensus map of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 5
Composite map of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 2
Focused map of area 1 of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 1
Focused map of area 1 of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 2
CryoEM structure of human MATa2 in complex with MAT2B isoform v1 at 2.6 A resolution
Focused map of area 3 of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 5
Focused map of area 2 of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 5
Cryo-EM structure of the spermine-bound sea lamprey TAAR348-Gs complex
Cryo-EM structure of the spermine-bound sea lamprey TAAR348-Gs complex
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 48
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 1
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 6
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 2
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 7
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 51
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 3
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 55
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 5
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 49
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 4
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 18
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 23
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 10
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 20
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 11
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 14
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 16
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 9
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 21
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 8
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 17
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 15
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 22
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 13
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 12
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 19
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 25
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 35
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 24
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 31
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 29
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 33
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 28
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 36
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 26
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 27
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 40
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 43
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 38
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 32
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 42
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 39
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 37
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 34
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 41
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 30
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 47
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 45
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 10
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 46
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 50
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 9
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 8
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 4
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 12
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 53
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 7
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 6
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 3
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 2
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 44
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 54
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 5
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 11
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 1
Cryo-EM structure of RNase P RNA from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformer 52
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 20
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 16
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 21
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 14
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 17
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 15
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 19
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 18
Cryo-EM structure of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P holoenzyme in 1 mM Mg2+, conformer 13
SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer in the early fusion intermediate conformation bound to the VN01H1 Fab (Fab local refinement)
SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer in the early fusion intermediate conformation bound to the VN01H1 Fab (S2 local refinement)
Human insulin receptor domains FnIII-1 and L2 bound to HIR-6 DNA aptamer
Cryo-EM structure of the PI3K alpha/KRas/HER3 phosphopeptide complex dimer on POPC/POPS/PIP2 nanodiscs
SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer in the early fusion intermediate conformation bound to the VN01H1 Fab (global refinement)
Cryo-EM structure of the PI3K alpha/KRas/HER3 phosphopeptide complex on POPC/POPS/PIP2 nanodiscs low-pass filtered to 5 angstroms
Cryo-EM structure of the Class 1 PI3K alpha/KRas complex on POPC/POPS nanodiscs low-pass filtered to 10 angstroms
Cryo-EM structure of the Class 1 PI3K alpha/KRas complex on POPC/POPS nanodiscs
Cryo-EM structure of the PI3K alpha/KRas/HER3 phosphopeptide complex on POPC/POPS/PIP2 nanodiscs
Cryo-EM structure of the PI3K alpha/KRas/HER3 phosphopeptide complex dimer on POPC/POPS/PIP2 nanodiscs low-pass filtered to 5 angstroms
TMPRSS2 (S441A) bound to the HCoV-NL63 S2'region genetically fused to the HCoV-HKU1 RBD
TMPRSS2 S441A in complex with the H1H7 Fab and anti-kappa light chain nanobody
SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 trimer stabilized in the early fusion intermediate conformation (E-FICs-v3) bound to the VN01H1 Fab
SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 trimer stabilized in the early fusion intermediate conformation (E-FICs-v3) bound to C77G12 (Fab local refinement)
SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 trimer stabilized in the early fusion intermediate conformation (E-FICs-v3) bound to the VN01H1 Fab (Fab local refinement)
Structure of the Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) receptor-binding domain bound to the RBD minibinder 11, the PD3 Fab, and the Kappa light chain nanobody
HCoV-NL63 S2' peptide bound to TMPRSS2 S441A (complexed with the H1H7 Fab and an anti-kappa-nanobody)
SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 trimer stabilized in the early fusion intermediate conformation (E-FICs-v3) bound to the VN01H1 Fab (S2 local refinement)
SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 trimer stabilized in the early fusion intermediate conformation (E-FICs-v3) bound to C77G12 (global refinement)
SARS-CoV-2 S2 trimer stabilized in the early fusion intermediate conformation by circular permutation and clamping by gp41 (E-FICs-v1)
One CAP-1 Bound to the Pointed End of Cofilin F-actin, Consensus map
Cryo-EM Map of the Periplasmic Domain of AAA Protease FtsH in a Novel Orientation
Cryo-EM Map of the Transmembrane Domain of AAA Protease FtsH in a Novel Orientation
Focused map of area 1 of the type III CRISPR-associated deaminase in complex cA6 and ATP, State 3