Literature for peptidase M34.001: anthrax lethal factor

Summary Alignment Tree Sequences Sequence features Distribution Structure Literature Substrates Pharma

(Topics flags: A Assay, S Structure, M Mutation, P Specificity, I Inhibitor, E Expression, U Therapeutic, V Review. To select only the references relevant to a single topic, click the link above. See explanation.)

2026

Ramchunder,K., Anderson,M.H. and Senzani,S. Bacterial zinc metalloproteases as facilitators of pathogenic success: a review Arch Microbiol (2026) 208, 97-97. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI

2020

Greaney,A.J., Portley,M.K., O'Mard,D., Crown,D., Maier,N.K., Mendenhall,M.A., Mayer-Barber,K.D., Leppla,S.H. and Moayeri,M. Frontline Science: Anthrax lethal toxin-induced, NLRP1-mediated IL-1beta release is a neutrophil and PAD4-dependent event J Leukoc Biol (2020) PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Lo,S.Y., Goulet,D.L., Fraaz,U. and Siemann,S. Effect of pH and denaturants on the fold and metal status of anthrax lethal factor Arch Biochem Biophys (2020) 692, 108547-108547. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Mendenhall,M.A., Liu,S., Portley,M.K., O'Mard,D., Fattah,R., Szabo,R., Bugge,T.H., Khillan,J.S., Leppla,S.H. and Moayeri,M. Anthrax lethal factor cleaves regulatory subunits of phosphoinositide-3 kinase to contribute to toxin lethality Nat Microbiol (2020) PubMed Europe PubMed DOI

2019

Sandstrom,A., Mitchell,P.S., Goers,L., Mu,E.W., Lesser,C.F. and Vance,R.E. Functional degradation: a mechanism of NLRP1 inflammasome activation by diverse pathogen enzymes Science (2019) 364, eaau1330-eaau1330. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Saxena,M., Nandi,S. and Saxena,A.K. QSAR and molecular docking studies of lethal factor protease inhibitors against Bacillus anthracis SAR QSAR Environ Res (2019) 30, 715-731. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Turk,B.E. Exceptionally selective substrate targeting by the metalloprotease anthrax lethal factor Adv Exp Med Biol (2019) 1111, 189-203. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI P S

2018

Bi,T., Li,Y., Shekhtman,A. and Camarero,J.A. In-cell production of a genetically-encoded library based on the theta-defensin RTD-1 using a bacterial expression system Bioorg Med Chem (2018) 26, 1212-1219. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Lahousse,M., Park,H.C., Lee,S.C., Ha,N.R., Jung,I.P., Schlesinger,S.R., Shackelford,K., Yoon,M.Y. and Kim,S.K. Inhibition of anthrax lethal factor by ssDNA aptamers Arch Biochem Biophys (2018) 646, 16-23. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Suryadi,K. and Shine,N. Design and use of a novel substrate for simple, rapid, and specific early detection of anthrax infection PLoS ONE (2018) 13, e0207084-e0207084. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC A
Young,C.J., Richard,K., Beruar,A., Lo,S.Y. and Siemann,S. An investigation of the pH dependence of copper-substituted anthrax lethal factor and its mechanistic implications J Inorg Biochem (2018) 182, 1-8. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI

2017

Gallegos-Candela,M., Boyer,A.E., Woolfitt,A.R., Brumlow,J., Lins,R.C., Quinn,C.P., Hoffmaster,A.R., Meister,G. and Barr,J.R. Validated MALDI-TOF-MS method for anthrax lethal factor provides early diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutics Anal Biochem (2017) 543, 97-107. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI A
Goldberg,A.B., Cho,E., Miller,C.J., Lou,H.J. and Turk,B.E. Identification of a substrate-selective exosite within the metalloproteinase anthrax lethal factor J Biol Chem (2017) 292, 814-825. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI P
Li,Y., Gould,A., Aboye,T., Bi,T., Breindel,L., Shekhtman,A. and Camarero,J.A. Full sequence amino acid scanning of theta-defensin RTD-1 yields a potent anthrax lethal factor protease inhibitor J Med Chem (2017) 60, 1916-1927. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI

2016

Goldberg,A.B. and Turk,B.E. Inhibitors of the metalloproteinase anthrax lethal factor Curr Top Med Chem (2016) 16, 2350-2358. PubMed Europe PubMed V I
Kolesnikov,A.V., Kozyr,A.V., Ryabko,A.K. and Shemyakin,I.G. Ultrasensitive detection of protease activity of anthrax and botulinum toxins by a new PCR-based assay Pathog Dis (2016) 74, ftv112- PubMed Europe PubMed DOI A
Young,C.J. and Siemann,S. Highly dynamic metal exchange in anthrax lethal factor involves the occupation of an inhibitory metal binding site Chem Commun (Camb) (2016) 52, 11748-11751. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI

2015

Kong,Q., Song,Y., Mu,M., Han,X., Si,C. and Li,F. Effects of metalloprotease anthrax lethal factor on its peptide-based inhibitor R9LF-1 Mol Cell Biochem (2015) 406, 293-299. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Kurbanov,E.K., Chiu,T.-L., Solberg,J., Francis,S., Maize,K.M., Fernandez,J., Johnson,R.L., Hawkinson,J.E., Walters,M.A., Finzel,B.C. and Amin,E.A. Probing the S2' subsite of the anthrax toxin lethal factor using novel N-alkylated hydroxamates J Med Chem (2015) 58, 8723-8733. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Maize,K.M., Kurbanov,E.K., Johnson,R.L., Amin,E.A. and Finzel,B.C. Ligand-induced expansion of the S1' site in the anthrax toxin lethal factor FEBS Lett (2015) 589, 3836-3841. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC S I

2014

Antonelli,A.C., Zhang,Y., Golub,L.M., Johnson,F. and Simon,S.R. Inhibition of anthrax lethal factor by curcumin and chemically modified curcumin derivatives J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem (2014) 29, 663-669. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Gomez-Jeria,J.S. A density functional study of the inhibition of the anthrax lethal factor toxin by quinoline-based small molecules related to aminoquinuride (NSC 12155) Res J Pharm , Biol Chem Sci (2014) 5, 780-792. I
Hutt,J.A., Lovchik,J.A., Drysdale,M., Sherwood,R.L., Brasel,T., Lipscomb,M.F. and Lyons,C.R. Lethal factor, but not edema factor, is required to cause fatal anthrax in cynomolgus macaques after pulmonary spore challenge Am J Pathol (2014) 184, 3205-3216. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Kumar,B.V., Malik,S., Grandhi,P., Dayam,R. and Sarma,J.A. Anthrax lethal factor inhibitors as potential countermeasure of the infection Curr Top Med Chem (2014) 14, 1977-1989. PubMed Europe PubMed V
Liao,H.-S., Liu,H.-L., Chen,W.-H. and Ho,Y. Structure-based pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening to identify novel inhibitors for anthrax lethal factor Med Chem Res (2014) 23, 3725-3732. DOI I
Lo,S.Y., Sabel,C.E., Webb,M.I., Walsby,C.J. and Siemann,S. High metal substitution tolerance of anthrax lethal factor and characterization of its active copper-substituted analogue J Inorg Biochem (2014) 140, 12-22. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Maize,K.M., Kurbanov,E.K., De La Mora-Rey,T., Geders,T.W., Hwang,D.-J., Walters,M.A., Johnson,R.L., Amin,E.A. and Finzel,B.C. Anthrax toxin lethal factor domain 3 is highly mobile and responsive to ligand binding Acta Crystallogr Sect D Biol Crystallogr (2014) 70, 2813-2822. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI S
Maize,K.M., Zhang,X. and Amin,E.A. Statistical analysis, optimization, and prioritization of virtual screening parameters for zinc enzymes including the anthrax toxin lethal factor Curr Top Med Chem (2014) 14, 2105-2114. PubMed Europe PubMed I
Williams,J.D., Khan,A.R., Cardinale,S.C., Butler,M.M., Bowlin,T.L. and Peet,N.P. Small molecule inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor toxin Bioorg Med Chem (2014) 22, 419-434. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I

2013

Hurley,M.M. and Sellers,M.S. Prediction of protein-peptide interactions: application of the XPairIt API to anthrax lethal factor and substrates Progr Biomed Opt Imaging Proc SPIE (2013) 8719 DOI P
Lu,H., Catania,J., Baranji,K., Feng,J., Gu,M., Lathey,J., Sweeny,D., Sanford,H., Sapru,K., Patamawenu,T., Chen,J.H., Ng,A., Fesseha,Z., Kluepfel-Stahl,S., Minang,J. and Alleva,D. Characterization of the native form of anthrax lethal factor for use in the toxin neutralization assay Clin Vaccine Immunol (2013) 20, 986-997. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Moayeri,M., Crown,D., Jiao,G.S., Kim,S., Johnson,A., Leysath,C. and Leppla,S.H. Small-molecule inhibitors of lethal factor protease activity protect against anthrax infection Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2013) 57, 4139-4145. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Montpellier,L.H. and Siemann,S. Effect of pH on the catalytic function and zinc content of native and immobilized anthrax lethal factor FEBS Lett (2013) 587, 317-321. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI

2012

Bannwarth,L., Goldberg,A.B., Chen,C. and Turk,B.E. Identification of exosite-targeting inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor by high-throughput screening Chem Biol (2012) 19, 875-882. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC I
Calugi,C., Trabocchi,A., Lalli,C. and Guarna,A. d-Proline-based peptidomimetic inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor Eur J Med Chem (2012) 56, 96-107. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Gould,A., Li,Y., Majumder,S., Garcia,A.E., Carlsson,P., Shekhtman,A. and Camarero,J.A. Recombinant production of rhesus theta-defensin-1 (RTD-1) using a bacterial expression system Mol Biosyst (2012) 8, 1359-1365. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI E
Hellmich,K.A., Levinsohn,J.L., Fattah,R., Newman,Z.L., Maier,N., Sastalla,I., Liu,S., Leppla,S.H. and Moayeri,M. Anthrax lethal factor cleaves mouse nlrp1b in both toxin-sensitive and toxin-resistant macrophages PLoS ONE (2012) 7, e49741-e49741. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC P
Jiao,G.S., Kim,S., Moayeri,M., Crown,D., Thai,A., Cregar-Hernandez,L., McKasson,L., Sankaran,B., Lehrer,A., Wong,T., Johns,L., Margosiak,S.A., Leppla,S.H. and Johnson,A.T. Antidotes to anthrax lethal factor intoxication. Part 3: evaluation of core structures and further modifications to the C2-side chain Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2012) 22, 2242-2246. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Leppla,S.H. Anthrax lethal factor [ISSN:978-0-12-407744-7] (2012) 3, 1257-1261. DOI
Levinsohn,J.L., Newman,Z.L., Hellmich,K.A., Fattah,R., Getz,M.A., Liu,S., Sastalla,I., Leppla,S.H. and Moayeri,M. Anthrax lethal factor cleavage of nlrp1 is required for activation of the inflammasome PLoS Pathog (2012) 8, e1002638-e1002638. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
Liu,T., Milia,E., Warburton,R.R., Hill,N.S., Gaestel,M. and Kayyali,U.S. Anthrax lethal toxin disrupts the endothelial permeability barrier through blocking p38 signaling J Cell Physiol (2012) 227, 1438-1445. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Park,H.C., Sung,S.R., Lim,S.M., Lee,J.S., Kim,S.K. and Yoon,M.Y. Proteolytic assay-based screening identifies a potent inhibitor of anthrax lethal factor Microb Pathog (2012) 53, 109-112. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I

2011

Bagramyan,K. and Kalkum,M. Ultrasensitive detection of Botulinum neurotoxins and anthrax lethal factor in biological samples by ALISSA Methods Mol Biol (2011) 739, 23-36. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI A
Kim,J., Park,H.C., Gedi,V., Park,H.Y., Roberts,A.G., Atkins,W.M. and Yoon,M.Y. Yeast-hybrid based high-throughput assay for identification of anthrax lethal factor inhibitors Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2011) 404, 517-522. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Kim,S., Jiao,G.S., Moayeri,M., Crown,D., Cregar-Hernandez,L., McKasson,L., Margosiak,S.A., Leppla,S.H. and Johnson,A.T. Antidotes to anthrax lethal factor intoxication. Part 2: structural modifications leading to improved in vivo efficacy Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2011) 21, 2030-2033. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Kuklenyik,Z., Boyer,A.E., Lins,R., Quinn,C.P., Gallegos-Candela,M., Woolfitt,A., Pirkle,J.L. and Barr,J.R. Comparison of MALDI-TOF-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS for endopeptidase activity-based quantification of anthrax lethal factor in serum Anal Chem (2011) 83, 1760-1765. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI A
Li,F., Terzyan,S. and Tang,J. Subsite specificity of anthrax lethal factor and its implications for inhibitor development Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2011) 407, 400-405. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI P
Sabel,C.E., Carbone,R., Dabous,J.R., Lo,S.Y. and Siemann,S. Preparation and characterization of cobalt-substituted anthrax lethal factor Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2011) 416, 106-110. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Smith,C.R., Smith,G.K., Yang,Z., Xu,D. and Guo,H. Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical study of anthrax lethal factor catalysis Theor Chem Acc (2011) 128, 83-90. DOI
Thomas,J., Epshtein,Y., Chopra,A., Ordog,B., Ghassemi,M., Christman,J.W., Nattel,S., Cook,J.L. and Levitan,I. Anthrax lethal factor activates K(+) channels to induce IL-1beta secretion in macrophages J Immunol (2011) 186, 5236-5243. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI

2010

Alfano,R.W., Leppla,S.H., Liu,S., Bugge,T.H., Ortiz,J.M., Lairmore,T.C., Duesbery,N.S., Mitchell,I.C., Nwariaku,F. and Frankel,A.E. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by the matrix metalloproteinase-activated anthrax lethal toxin in an orthotopic model of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma Mol Cancer Ther (2010) 9, 190-201. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC U
Cao,S., Guo,A., Wu,G., Liu,Z., Chen,W., Feng,C., Zhang,C.C. and Chen,H. Residue histidine 669 is essential for the catalytic activity of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor J Bacteriol (2010) 192, 5799-5805. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Dalkas,G.A., Chasapis,C.T., Gkazonis,P.V., Bentrop,D. and Spyroulias,G.A. Conformational dynamics of the anthrax lethal factor catalytic center Biochemistry (2010) 49, 10767-10769. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI S
Fang,H., Sun,C., Xu,L., Owen,R.J., Auth,R.D., Snoy,P.J. and Frucht,D.M. Neutrophil elastase mediates pathogenic effects of anthrax lethal toxin in the murine intestinal tract J Immunol (2010) 185, 5463-5467. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Gkazonis,P.V., Dalkas,G.A., Chasapis,C.T., Vlamis-Gardikas,A., Bentrop,D. and Spyroulias,G.A. Purification and biophysical characterization of the core protease domain of anthrax lethal factor Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2010) 396, 643-647. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI E
Ha,S.D., Ham,B., Mogridge,J., Saftig,P., Lin,S. and Kim,S.O. Cathepsin B-mediated autophagy flux facilitates the anthrax toxin receptor 2-mediated delivery of anthrax lethal factor into the cytoplasm J Biol Chem (2010) 285, 2120-2129. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Jiao,G.S., Kim,S., Moayeri,M., Cregar-Hernandez,L., McKasson,L., Margosiak,S.A., Leppla,S.H. and Johnson,A.T. Antidotes to anthrax lethal factor intoxication. Part 1: Discovery of potent lethal factor inhibitors with in vivo efficacy Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2010) 20, 6850-6853. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Newman,Z.L., Printz,M.P., Liu,S., Crown,D., Breen,L., Miller-Randolph,S., Flodman,P., Leppla,S.H. and Moayeri,M. Susceptibility to anthrax lethal toxin-induced rat death is controlled by a single chromosome 10 locus that includes rNlrp1 PLoS Pathog (2010) 6, e1000906-e1000906. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
Ngai,S., Batty,S., Liao,K.C. and Mogridge,J. An anthrax lethal factor mutant that is defective at causing pyroptosis retains proapoptotic activity FEBS J (2010) 277, 119-127. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Sabel,C.E., St-Denis,S., Neureuther,J.M., Carbone,R. and Siemann,S. Alkaline earth metals are not required for the restoration of the apoform of anthrax lethal factor to its holoenzyme state Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2010) 403, 209-213. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Yuan,H., Johnson,S.L., Chen,L.H., Wei,J. and Pellecchia,M. A novel pharmacophore model for the design of anthrax lethal factor inhibitors Chem Biol Drug Des (2010) 76, 263-268. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I

2009

Agrawal,A., de Oliveira,C.A., Cheng,Y., Jacobsen,J.A., McCammon,J.A. and Cohen,S.M. Thioamide hydroxypyrothiones supersede amide hydroxypyrothiones in potency against anthrax lethal factor J Med Chem (2009) 52, 1063-1074. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC I
Alfano,R.W., Leppla,S.H., Liu,S., Bugge,T.H., Meininger,C.J., Lairmore,T.C., Mulne,A.F., Davis,S.H., Duesbery,N.S. and Frankel,A.E. Matrix metalloproteinase-activated anthrax lethal toxin inhibits endothelial invasion and neovasculature formation during in vitro morphogenesis Mol Cancer Res (2009) 7, 452-461. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC U
Chen,Z., Moayeri,M., Crown,D., Emerson,S., Gorshkova,I., Schuck,P., Leppla,S.H. and Purcell,R.H. Novel chimpanzee/human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize anthrax lethal factor, and evidence for possible synergy with anti-protective antigen antibody Infect Immun (2009) 77, 3902-3908. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
Chun-Fan,F., Gao-Bing,W., Sha,C., Zi-Duo,L. and Yu-Zhi,H. Screening and activity analysis of lethal factor mutants-K518E and L519C from Bacillus anthracis Prog Biochem Biophys (2009) 36, 1306-1312. DOI M
Dalkas,G.A., Papakyriakou,A., Vlamis-Gardikas,A. and Spyroulias,G.A. Insights into the anthrax lethal factor-substrate interaction and selectivity using docking and molecular dynamics simulations Protein Sci (2009) 18, 1774-1785. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC P S
Johnson,S.L., Chen,L.H., Barile,E., Emdadi,A., Sabet,M., Yuan,H., Wei,J., Guiney,D. and Pellecchia,M. Structure-activity relationship studies of a novel series of anthrax lethal factor inhibitors Bioorg Med Chem (2009) 17, 3352-3368. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC I
Joshi,M., Ebalunode,J.O. and Briggs,J.M. Computational insights into the interaction of the anthrax lethal factor with the N-terminal region of its substrates Proteins (2009) 75, 323-335. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI P
Kang,Z., Webster Marketon,J.I., Johnson,A. and Sternberg,E.M. Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin represses MMTV promoter activity through transcription factors J Mol Biol (2009) 389, 595-605. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
Lebrun,I., Marques-Porto,R., Pereira,A.S., Pereira,A. and Perpetuo,E.A. Bacterial toxins: an overview on bacterial proteases and their action as virulence factors Mini Rev Med Chem (2009) 9, 820-828. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI V
Moayeri,M. and Leppla,S.H. Cellular and systemic effects of anthrax lethal toxin and edema toxin Mol Aspects Med (2009) 30, 439-455. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
Nguyen,M.L., Crowe,S.R., Kurella,S., Teryzan,S., Cao,B., Ballard,J.D., James,J.A. and Farris,A.D. Sequential B-cell epitopes of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor bind lethal toxin-neutralizing antibodies Infect Immun (2009) 77, 162-169. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
Thoren,K.L., Worden,E.J., Yassif,J.M. and Krantz,B.A. Lethal factor unfolding is the most force-dependent step of anthrax toxin translocation Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2009) 106, 21555-21560. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Tonello,F. and Montecucco,C. The anthrax lethal factor and its MAPK kinase-specific metalloprotease activity Mol Aspects Med (2009) 30, 431-438. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI V I
Zakharova,M.Y., Kuznetsov,N.A., Dubiley,S.A., Kozyr,A.V., Fedorova,O.S., Chudakov,D.M., Knorre,D.G., Shemyakin,I.G., Gabibov,A.G. and Kolesnikov,A.V. Substrate recognition of anthrax lethal factor examined by combinatorial and pre-steady-state kinetic approaches J Biol Chem (2009) 284, 17902-17913. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC

2008

Alfano,R.W., Leppla,S.H., Liu,S., Bugge,T.H., Duesbery,N.S. and Frankel,A.E. Potent inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by the matrix metalloproteinase-activated anthrax lethal toxin: implications for broad anti-tumor efficacy Cell Cycle (2008) 7, 745-749. PubMed Europe PubMed
Alfano,R.W., Leppla,S.H., Liu,S., Bugge,T.H., Herlyn,M., Smalley,K.S., Bromberg-White,J.L., Duesbery,N.S. and Frankel,A.E. Cytotoxicity of the matrix metalloproteinase-activated anthrax lethal toxin is dependent on gelatinase expression and B-RAF status in human melanoma cells Mol Cancer Ther (2008) 7, 1218-1226. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC U
Bromberg-White,J.L. and Duesbery,N.S. Biological and biochemical characterization of anthrax lethal factor, a proteolytic inhibitor of MEK signaling pathways Methods Enzymol (2008) 438, 355-365. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI V
Cao,S., Liu,Z., Guo,A., Li,Y., Zhang,C., Gaobing,W., Chunfang,F., Tan,Y. and Chen,H. Efficient production and characterization of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor and a novel inactive mutant rLFm-Y236F Protein Expr Purif (2008) 59, 25-30. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Dalkas,G.A., Papakyriakou,A., Vlamis-Gardikas,A. and Spyroulias,G.A. Low molecular weight inhibitors of the protease anthrax lethal factor Mini Rev Med Chem (2008) 8, 290-306. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI V I
Gaddis,B.D., Rubert Perez,C.M. and Chmielewski,J. Inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor based upon N-oleoyldopamine Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2008) 18, 2467-2470. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Gupta,P.K., Moayeri,M., Crown,D., Fattah,R.J. and Leppla,S.H. Role of N-terminal amino acids in the potency of anthrax lethal factor PLoS ONE (2008) 3, e3130-e3130. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC E
Hong,R., Magistrato,A. and Carloni,P. Anthrax lethal factor investigated by molecular simulations J Chem Theory Comput (2008) 4, 1745-1756. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Johnson,S.L., Chen,L.H., Harbach,R., Sabet,M., Savinov,A., Cotton,N.J., Strongin,A., Guiney,D. and Pellecchia,M. Rhodanine derivatives as selective protease inhibitors against bacterial toxins Chem Biol Drug Des (2008) 71, 131-139. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Kim,J., Park,H., Myung-Hyun,J., Han,S.H., Chung,H., Lee,J.S., Park,J.S. and Yoon,M.Y. The effects of anthrax lethal factor on the macrophage proteome: potential activity on nitric oxide synthases Arch Biochem Biophys (2008) 472, 58-64. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Turk,B.E. Discovery and development of anthrax lethal factor metalloproteinase inhibitors Curr Pharm Biotechnol (2008) 9, 24-33. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI V I
Verma,A., Wagner,L., Stibitz,S., Nguyen,N., Guerengomba,F. and Burns,D.L. Role of the N-terminal amino acid of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor in lethal toxin cytotoxicity and its effect on the lethal toxin neutralization assay Clin Vaccine Immunol (2008) 15, 1737-1741. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
Wickliffe,K.E., Leppla,S.H. and Moayeri,M. Anthrax lethal toxin-induced inflammasome formation and caspase-1 activation are late events dependent on ion fluxes and the proteasome Cell Microbiol (2008) 10, 332-343. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
Zakharova,M.Y., Dubiley,S.A., Chudakov,D.M., Gabibov,A.G., Shemyakin,I.G. and Kolesnikov,A.V. Substrate specificity of the anthrax lethal factor Dokl Biochem Biophys (2008) 418, 14-17. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI P

2007

Boyer,A.E., Quinn,C.P., Woolfitt,A.R., Pirkle,J.L., McWilliams,L.G., Stamey,K.L., Bagarozzi,D.A., Hart,J.C., Jr. and Barr,J.R. Detection and quantification of anthrax lethal factor in serum by mass spectrometry Anal Chem (2007) 79, 8463-8470. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Chvyrkova,I., Zhang,X.C. and Terzyan,S. Lethal factor of anthrax toxin binds monomeric form of protective antigen Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2007) 360, 690-695. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
Depeille,P., Young,J.J., Boguslawski,E.A., Berghuis,B.D., Kort,E.J., Resau,J.H., Frankel,A.E. and Duesbery,N.S. Anthrax lethal toxin inhibits growth of and vascular endothelial growth factor release from endothelial cells expressing the human herpes virus 8 viral G protein coupled receptor Clin Cancer Res (2007) 13, 5926-5934. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI U
Gaddis,B.D., Avramova,L.V. and Chmielewski,J. Inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2007) 17, 4575-4578. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Hanna,M.L., Tarasow,T.M. and Perkins,J. Mechanistic differences between in vitro assays for hydrazone-based small molecule inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor Bioorg Chem (2007) 35, 50-58. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI A I
Johnson,S.L., Chen,L.H. and Pellecchia,M. A high-throughput screening approach to anthrax lethal factor inhibition Bioorg Chem (2007) 35, 306-312. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC I
Juris,S.J., Melnyk,R.A., Bolcome,R.E., III, Chan,J. and Collier,R.J. Cross-linked forms of the isolated N-terminal domain of the lethal factor are potent inhibitors of anthrax toxin Infect Immun (2007) 75, 5052-5058. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
Kimura,R.H., Steenblock,E.R. and Camarero,J.A. Development of a cell-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer reporter for Bacillus anthracis lethal factor protease Anal Biochem (2007) 369, 60-70. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI A
Muehlbauer,S.M., Evering,T.H., Bonuccelli,G., Squires,R.C., Ashton,A.W., Porcelli,S.A., Lisanti,M.P. and Brojatsch,J. Anthrax lethal toxin kills macrophages in a strain-specific manner by apoptosis or caspase-1-mediated necrosis Cell Cycle (2007) 6, 758-766. PubMed Europe PubMed
Nguyen,T.L., Panchal,R.G., Topol,I.A., Lane,D., Kenny,T., Burnett,J.C., Hermone,A.R., McGrath,C., Burt,S.K., Gussio,R. and Bavari,S. A theoretical study of anthrax lethal factor inhibition by a set of novel carbamimidolyl-aryl-vinyl-carboxamidines: A possible mechanism involving zinc-ligation by amidine Theochem (2007) 821, 139-144. DOI I
Pelat,T., Hust,M., Laffly,E., Condemine,F., Bottex,C., Vidal,D., Lefranc,M.P., Dubel,S. and Thullier,P. High-affinity, human antibody-like antibody fragment (single-chain variable fragment) neutralizing the lethal factor (LF) of Bacillus anthracis by inhibiting protective antigen-LF complex formation Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2007) 51, 2758-2764. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
Su,Y., Ortiz,J., Liu,S., Bugge,T.H., Singh,R., Leppla,S.H. and Frankel,A.E. Systematic urokinase-activated anthrax toxin therapy produces regressions of subcutaneous human non-small cell lung tumor in athymic nude mice Cancer Res (2007) 67, 3329-3336. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI U
[YEAR:1-9-2007]Xu,L. and Frucht,D.M. Bacillus anthracis: a multi-faceted role for anthrax lethal toxin in thwarting host immune defenses Int J Biochem Cell Biol (1-9-2007) 39, 20-24. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI V
Young,J.A. and Collier,R.J. Anthrax toxin: receptor binding, internalization, pore formation, and translocation Annu Rev Biochem (2007) 76, 243-265. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI V

2006

Abi-Habib,R.J., Singh,R., Liu,S., Bugge,T.H., Leppla,S.H. and Frankel,A.E. A urokinase-activated recombinant anthrax toxin is selectively cytotoxic to many human tumor cell types Mol Cancer Ther (2006) 5, 2556-2562. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Batty,S., Chow,E.M., Kassam,A., Der,S.D. and Mogridge,J. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling by Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin causes destabilization of interleukin-8 mRNA Cell Microbiol (2006) 8, 130-138. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Boyden,E.D. and Dietrich,W.F. Nalp1b controls mouse macrophage susceptibility to anthrax lethal toxin Nat Genet (2006) 38, 240-244. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
[YEAR:7-5-2006]Chang,H.H., Tsai,M.F., Chung,C.P., Chen,P.K., Hu,H.I., Kau,J.H., Huang,H.H., Lin,H.C. and Sun,D.S. Single-step purification of recombinant anthrax lethal factor from periplasm of Escherichia coli J Biotechnol (7-5-2006) 126, 277-285. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI E
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[YEAR:2-2-2006]Guichard,A., Park,J.M., Cruz-Moreno,B., Karin,M. and Bier,E. Anthrax lethal factor and edema factor act on conserved targets in Drosophila Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2-2-2006) 103, 3244-3249. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
Heninger,S., Drysdale,M., Lovchik,J., Hutt,J., Lipscomb,M.F., Koehler,T.M. and Lyons,C.R. Toxin-deficient mutants of Bacillus anthracis are lethal in a murine model for pulmonary anthrax Infect Immun (2006) 74, 6067-6074. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
[YEAR:24-7-2006]Jiao,G.S., Simo,O., Nagata,M., O'Malley,S., Hemscheidt,T., Cregar,L., Millis,S.Z., Goldman,M.E. and Tang,C. Selectively guanidinylated derivatives of neamine. Syntheses and inhibition of anthrax lethal factor protease Bioorg Med Chem Lett (24-7-2006) 16, 5183-5189. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
[YEAR:28-12-2006]Jiao,G.S., Cregar,L., Goldman,M.E., Millis,S.Z. and Tang,C. Guanidinylated 2,5-dideoxystreptamine derivatives as anthrax lethal factor inhibitors Bioorg Med Chem Lett (28-12-2006) 16, 1527-1531. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
[YEAR:12-1-2006]Johnson,S.L., Jung,D., Forino,M., Chen,Y., Satterthwait,A., Rozanov,D.V., Strongin,A.Y. and Pellecchia,M. Anthrax lethal factor protease inhibitors: synthesis, SAR, and structure-based 3D QSAR studies J Med Chem (12-1-2006) 49, 27-30. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Kim,J. and Yoon,M.Y. Anthrax lethal factor: critical virulence factor of pathogenesis of anthrax toxins J Toxicol Toxin Rev (2006) 25, 109-124. V
Kuzmic,P., Cregar,L., Millis,S.Z. and Goldman,M. Mixed-type noncompetitive inhibition of anthrax lethal factor protease by aminoglycosides FEBS J (2006) 273, 3054-3062. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Lewis,J.A., Mongan,J., McCammon,J.A. and Cohen,S.M. Evaluation and binding-mode prediction of thiopyrone-based inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor ChemMedChem (2006) 1, 694-697. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
[YEAR:17-11-2006]Melnyk,R.A., Hewitt,K.M., Lacy,D.B., Lin,H.C., Gessner,C.R., Li,S., Woods,V.L., Jr. and Collier,R.J. Structural determinants for the binding of anthrax lethal factor to oligomeric protective antigen J Biol Chem (17-11-2006) 281, 1630-1635. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
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Wang,W., Mulakala,C., Ward,S.C., Jung,G., Luong,H., Pham,D., Waring,A.J., Kaznessis,Y., Lu,W., Bradley,K.A. and Lehrer,R.I. Retrocyclins kill bacilli and germinating spores of Bacillus anthracis and inactivate anthrax lethal toxin J Biol Chem (2006) 281, 32755-32764. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
[YEAR:7-12-2006]Xiong,Y., Wiltsie,J., Woods,A., Guo,J., Pivnichny,J.V., Tang,W., Bansal,A., Cummings,R.T., Cunningham,B.R., Friedlander,A.M., Douglas,C.M., Salowe,S.P., Zaller,D.M., Scolnick,E.M., Schmatz,D.M., Bartizal,K., Hermes,J.D., MacCoss,M. and Chapman,K.T. The discovery of a potent and selective lethal factor inhibitor for adjunct therapy of anthrax infection Bioorg Med Chem Lett (7-12-2006) 16, 964-968. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I

2005

[YEAR:14-3-2005]Chandra,H., Gupta,P.K., Sharma,K., Mattoo,A.R., Garg,S.K., Gade,W.N., Sirdeshmukh,R., Maithal,K. and Singh,Y. Proteome analysis of mouse macrophages treated with anthrax lethal toxin Biochim Biophys Acta (14-3-2005) 1747, 151-159. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
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Forino,M., Johnson,S., Wong,T.Y., Rozanov,D.V., Savinov,A.Y., Li,W., Fattorusso,R., Becattini,B., Orry,A.J., Jung,D., Abagyan,R.A., Smith,J.W., Alibek,K., Liddington,R.C., Strongin,A.Y. and Pellecchia,M. Efficient synthetic inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2005) 102, 9499-9504. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC S I
Fridman,M., Belakhov,V., Lee,L.V., Liang,F.S., Wong,C.H. and Baasov,T. Dual effect of synthetic aminoglycosides: antibacterial activity against Bacillus anthracis and inhibition of anthrax lethal factor Angew Chem Int Ed Engl (2005) 44, 447-452. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Kassam,A., Der,S.D. and Mogridge,J. Differentiation of human monocytic cell lines confers susceptibility to Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin Cell Microbiol (2005) 7, 281-292. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Kim,C., Gajendran,N., Mittrucker,H.W., Weiwad,M., Song,Y.H., Hurwitz,R., Wilmanns,M., Fischer,G. and Kaufmann,S.H. Human alpha-defensins neutralize anthrax lethal toxin and protect against its fatal consequences Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2005) 102, 4830-4835. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
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Kocer,S.S., Walker,S.G., Zerler,B., Golub,L.M. and Simon,S.R. Metalloproteinase inhibitors, nonantimicrobial chemically modified tetracyclines, and Ilomastat block Bacillus anthracis lethal factor activity in viable cells Infect Immun (2005) 73, 7548-7557. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC I
Lim,N.K., Kim,J.H., Oh,M.S., Lee,S., Kim,S.Y., Kim,K.S., Kang,H.J., Hong,H.J. and Inn,K.S. An anthrax lethal factor-neutralizing monoclonal antibody protects rats before and after challenge with anthrax toxin Infect Immun (2005) 73, 6547-6551. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
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[YEAR:11-1-2005]Panchal,R.G., Halverson,K.M., Ribot,W., Lane,D., Kenny,T., Abshire,T.G., Ezzell,J.W., Hoover,T.A., Powell,B., Little,S., Kasianowicz,J.J. and Bavari,S. Purified Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin complex formed in vitro and during infection exhibits functional and biological activity J Biol Chem (11-1-2005) 280, 10834-10839. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
[YEAR:31-5-2005]Shoop,W.L., Xiong,Y., Wiltsie,J., Woods,A., Guo,J., Pivnichny,J.V., Felcetto,T., Michael,B.F., Bansal,A., Cummings,R.T., Cunningham,B.R., Friedlander,A.M., Douglas,C.M., Patel,S.B., Wisniewski,D., Scapin,G., Salowe,S.P., Zaller,D.M., Chapman,K.T., Scolnick,E.M., Schmatz,D.M., Bartizal,K., MacCoss,M. and Hermes,J.D. Anthrax lethal factor inhibition Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (31-5-2005) 102, 7958-7963. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC S I
[YEAR:4-8-2005]Shultz,C.S., Dreher,S.D., Ikemoto,N., Williams,J.M., Grabowski,E.J., Krska,S.W., Sun,Y., Dormer,P.G. and Dimichele,L. Asymmetric hydrogenation of N-sulfonylated-alpha-dehydroamino acids: toward the synthesis of an anthrax lethal factor inhibitor Org Lett (4-8-2005) 7, 3405-3408. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I

2004

Agrawal,A. and Pulendran,B. Anthrax lethal toxin: a weapon of multisystem destruction Cell Mol Life Sci (2004) 61, 2859-2865. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI V
[YEAR:14-11-2004]Bardwell,A.J., Abdollahi,M. and Bardwell,L. Anthrax lethal factor-cleavage products of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) kinases exhibit reduced binding to their cognate MAPKs Biochem J (14-11-2004) 378, 569-577. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
[YEAR:15-1-2004]Dang,O., Navarro,L., Anderson,K. and David,M. Cutting edge: anthrax lethal toxin inhibits activation of IFN-regulatory factor 3 by lipopolysaccharide J Immunol (15-1-2004) 172, 747-751. PubMed Europe PubMed
[YEAR:2-1-2004]Kim,J., Chai,Y.G. and Yoon,M.Y. Implication of pH in the catalytic properties of anthrax lethal factor Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2-1-2004) 313, 217-222. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Kim,T.G., Galloway,D.R. and Langridge,W.H. Synthesis and assembly of anthrax lethal factor-cholera toxin B-subunit fusion protein in transgenic potato Mol Biotechnol (2004) 28, 175-183. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI E
[YEAR:21-4-2004]Lee,L.V., Bower,K.E., Liang,F.S., Shi,J., Wu,D., Sucheck,S.J., Vogt,P.K. and Wong,C.H. Inhibition of the proteolytic activity of anthrax lethal factor by aminoglycosides J Am Chem Soc (21-4-2004) 126, 4774-4775. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Leppla,S.H. Anthrax lethal factor [ISSN:0-12-079610-4] (2004) 2, 781-783. V
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Min,D.H., Tang,W.J. and Mrksich,M. Chemical screening by mass spectrometry to identify inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor Nat Biotechnol (2004) 22, 717-723. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Montecucco,C., Tonello,F. and Zanotti,G. Stop the killer: how to inhibit the anthrax lethal factor metalloprotease Trends Biochem Sci (2004) 29, 282-285. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Panchal,R.G., Hermone,A.R., Nguyen,T.L., Wong,T.Y., Schwarzenbacher,R., Schmidt,J., Lane,D., McGrath,C., Turk,B.E., Burnett,J., Aman,M.J., Little,S., Sausville,E.A., Zaharevitz,D.W., Cantley,L.C., Liddington,R.C., Gussio,R. and Bavari,S. Identification of small molecule inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor Nat Struct Mol Biol (2004) 11, 67-72. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI S I
[YEAR:27-8-2004]Peinado,J.R., Kacprzak,M.M., Leppla,S.H. and Lindberg,I. Cross-inhibition between furin and lethal factor inhibitors Biochem Biophys Res Commun (27-8-2004) 321, 601-605. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI I
Ren,G., Quispe,J., Leppla,S.H. and Mitra,A.K. Large-scale structural changes accompany binding of lethal factor to anthrax protective antigen: a cryo-electron microscopic study Structure (2004) 12, 2059-2066. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI S
[YEAR:16-1-2004]Tonello,F., Naletto,L., Romanello,V., Dal Molin,F. and Montecucco,C. Tyrosine-728 and glutamic acid-735 are essential for the metalloproteolytic activity of the lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis Biochem Biophys Res Commun (16-1-2004) 313, 496-502. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Turk,B.E., Wong,T.Y., Schwarzenbacher,R., Jarrell,E.T., Leppla,S.H., Collier,R.J., Liddington,R.C. and Cantley,L.C. The structural basis for substrate and inhibitor selectivity of the anthrax lethal factor Nat Struct Mol Biol (2004) 11, 60-66. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI S I
[YEAR:30-11-2004]Zhang,S., Finkelstein,A. and Collier,R.J. Evidence that translocation of anthrax toxin's lethal factor is initiated by entry of its N terminus into the protective antigen channel Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (30-11-2004) 101, 16756-16761. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC

2003

[YEAR:14-3-2003]Chopra,A.P., Boone,S.A., Liang,X. and Duesbery,N.S. Anthrax lethal factor proteolysis and inactivation of MAPK kinase J Biol Chem (14-3-2003) 278, 9402-9406. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Kim,J., Kim,Y.M., Koo,B.S., Chae,Y.K. and Yoon,M.Y. Production and proteolytic assay of lethal factor from Bacillus anthracis Protein Expr Purif (2003) 30, 293-300. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI A
[YEAR:28-2-2003]Kim,S.O., Jing,Q., Hoebe,K., Beutler,B., Duesbery,N.S. and Han,J. Sensitizing anthrax lethal toxin-resistant macrophages to lethal toxin-induced killing by tumor necrosis factor-alpha J Biol Chem (28-2-2003) 278, 7413-7421. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
[YEAR:27-5-2003]Kushner,N., Zhang,D., Touzjian,N., Essex,M., Lieberman,J. and Lu,Y. A fragment of anthrax lethal factor delivers proteins to the cytosol without requiring protective antigen Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (27-5-2003) 100, 6652-6657. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
[YEAR:21-1-2003]Liu,S., Aaronson,H., Mitola,D.J., Leppla,S.H. and Bugge,T.H. Potent antitumor activity of a urokinase-activated engineered anthrax toxin Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (21-1-2003) 100, 657-662. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
McAllister,R.D., Singh,Y., du Bois,W.D., Potter,M., Boehm,T., Meeker,N.D., Fillmore,P.D., Anderson,L.M., Poynter,M.E. and Teuscher,C. Susceptibility to anthrax lethal toxin is controlled by three linked quantitative trait loci Am J Pathol (2003) 163, 1735-1741. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
[YEAR:1-10-2003]Rivera,V.R., Merrill,G.A., White,J.A. and Poli,M.A. An enzymatic electrochemiluminescence assay for the lethal factor of anthrax Anal Biochem (1-10-2003) 321, 125-130. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI A
[YEAR:10-10-2003]Tonello,F., Ascenzi,P. and Montecucco,C. The metalloproteolytic activity of the anthrax lethal factor is substrate-inhibited J Biol Chem (10-10-2003) 278, 40075-40078. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
[YEAR:13-5-2003]Webster,J.I., Tonelli,L.H., Moayeri,M., Simons,S.S., Jr., Leppla,S.H. and Sternberg,E.M. Anthrax lethal factor represses glucocorticoid and progesterone receptor activity Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (13-5-2003) 100, 5706-5711. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
Zhao,P., Liang,X., Kalbfleisch,J., Koo,H.M. and Cao,B. Neutralizing monoclonal antibody against anthrax lethal factor inhibits intoxication in a mouse model Hum Antibodies (2003) 12, 129-135. PubMed Europe PubMed

2002

[YEAR:20-11-2002]Ascenzi,P., Visca,P., Ippolito,G., Spallarossa,A., Bolognesi,M. and Montecucco,C. Anthrax toxin: a tripartite lethal combination FEBS Lett (20-11-2002) 531, 384-388. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
[YEAR:14-5-2002]Cummings,R.T., Salowe,S.P., Cunningham,B.R., Wiltsie,J., Park,Y.W., Sonatore,L.M., Wisniewski,D., Douglas,C.M., Hermes,J.D. and Scolnick,E.M. A peptide-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay for Bacillus anthracis lethal factor protease Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (14-5-2002) 99, 6603-6606. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC A
[YEAR:5-3-2002]Koo,H.M., VanBrocklin,M., McWilliams,M.J., Leppla,S.H., Duesbery,N.S. and Vande Woude,G.F. Apoptosis and melanogenesis in human melanoma cells induced by anthrax lethal factor inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (5-3-2002) 99, 3052-3057. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
[YEAR:25-1-2002]Lacy,D.B., Mourez,M., Fouassier,A. and Collier,R.J. Mapping the anthrax protective antigen binding site on the lethal and edema factors J Biol Chem (25-1-2002) 277, 3006-3010. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
[YEAR:20-9-2002]Park,J.M., Greten,F.R., Li,Z.W. and Karin,M. Macrophage apoptosis by anthrax lethal factor through p38 MAP kinase inhibition Science (20-9-2002) 297, 2048-2051. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
[YEAR:2-7-2002]Singh,A., Chauhan,V., Sodhi,A. and Bhatnagar,R. Asp 187 and Phe 190 residues in lethal factor are required for the expression of anthrax lethal toxin activity FEMS Microbiol Lett (2-7-2002) 212, 183-186. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
[YEAR:9-4-2002]Singh,A., Singh,S., Waheed,S.M., Khandelwal,P. and Bhatnagar,R. Expression of anthrax lethal factor gene by osmolyte induction FEMS Microbiol Lett (9-4-2002) 209, 301-305. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Smith,H. Discovery of the anthrax toxin: the beginning of studies of virulence determinants regulated in vivo Int J Med Microbiol (2002) 291, 411-417. PubMed Europe PubMed
[YEAR:25-7-2002]Tonello,F., Seveso,M., Marin,O., Mock,M. and Montecucco,C. Screening inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor Nature (25-7-2002) 418, 386-386. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI A I

2001

[YEAR:16-2-2001]Batra,S., Gupta,P., Chauhan,V., Singh,A. and Bhatnagar,R. Trp 346 and Leu 352 residues in protective antigen are required for the expression of anthrax lethal toxin activity Biochem Biophys Res Commun (16-2-2001) 281, 186-192. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
[YEAR:8-11-2001]Bradley,K.A., Mogridge,J., Mourez,M., Collier,R.J. and Young,J.A.T. Identification of the cellular receptor for anthrax toxin Nature (8-11-2001) 414, 225-229. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
[YEAR:27-3-2001]Duesbery,N.S., Resau,J., Webb,C.P., Koochekpour,S., Koo,H.M., Leppla,S.H. and Woude,G.F.V. Suppression of ras-mediated transformation and inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis by anthrax lethal factor, a proteolytic inhibitor of multiple MEK pathways Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (27-3-2001) 98, 4089-4094. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
Erwin,J.L., DaSilva,L.M., Bavari,S., Little,S.F., Friedlander,A.M. and Chanh,T.C. Macrophage-derived cell lines do not express proinflammatory cytokines after exposure to Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin Infect Immun (2001) 69, 1175-1177. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
[YEAR:15-6-2001]Gupta,P., Singh,S., Tiwari,A., Bhat,R. and Bhatnagar,R. Effect of pH on stability of anthrax lethal factor: correlation between denaturation and activity Biochem Biophys Res Commun (15-6-2001) 284, 568-573. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
[YEAR:12-1-2001]Gupta,P., Singh,A., Chauhan,V. and Bhatnagar,R. Involvement of residues 147VYYEIGK153 in binding of lethal factor to protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis Biochem Biophys Res Commun (12-1-2001) 280, 158-163. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
[YEAR:8-11-2001]Pannifer,A.D., Wong,T.Y., Schwarzenbacher,R., Renatus,M., Petosa,C., Bienkowska,J., Lacy,D.B., Collier,R.J., Park,S., Leppla,S.H., Hanna,P. and Liddington,R.C. Crystal structure of the anthrax lethal factor Nature (8-11-2001) 414, 229-233. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI S
Price,B.M., Liner,A.L., Park,S., Leppla,S.H., Mateczun,A. and Galloway,D.R. Protection against anthrax lethal toxin challenge by genetic immunization with a plasmid encoding the lethal factor protein Infect Immun (2001) 69, 4509-4515. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
[YEAR:2-10-2001]Watters,J.W., Dewar,K., Lehoczky,J., Boyartchuk,V. and Dietrich,W.F. Kif1C, a kinesin-like motor protein, mediates mouse macrophage resistance to anthrax lethal factor Curr Biol (2-10-2001) 11, 1503-1511. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Zhang,Y., Kida,Y., Kuwano,K., Misumi,Y., Ikehara,Y. and Arai,S. Role of furin in delivery of a CTL epitope of an anthrax toxin-fusion protein Microbiol Immunol (2001) 45, 119-125. PubMed Europe PubMed

2000

Bernardi,L., Vitale,G., Montecucco,C. and Musacchio,A. Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of recombinant Bacillus anthracis lethal factor Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr (2000) 56, 1449-1451. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI S
Brossier,F., Weber-Levy,M., Mock,M. and Sirard,J.C. Role of toxin functional domains in anthrax pathogenesis Infect Immun (2000) 68, 1781-1786. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC
Park,S. and Leppla,S.H. Optimized production and purification of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor Protein Expr Purif (2000) 18, 293-302. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Pellizzari,R., Guidi-Rontani,C., Vitale,G., Mock,M. and Montecucco,C. Lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis cleaves the N-terminus of MAPKKs: analysis of the intracellular consequences in macrophages Int J Med Microbiol (2000) 290, 421-427. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
[YEAR:15-12-2000]Vitale,G., Bernardi,L., Napolitani,G., Mock,M. and Montecucco,C. Susceptibility of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase family members to proteolysis by anthrax lethal factor Biochem J (15-12-2000) 352, 739-745. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI PMC EPMC

1999

Duesbery,N.S. and Vande Woude,G.F. Anthrax lethal factor causes proteolytic inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase J Appl Microbiol (1999) 87, 289-293. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Hanna,P. Lethal toxin actions and their consequences J Appl Microbiol (1999) 87, 285-287. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Liddington,R., Pannifer,A., Hanna,P., Leppla,S. and Collier,R.J. Crystallographic studies of the anthrax lethal toxin J Appl.Microbiol. (1999) 87, 282-282. PubMed Europe PubMed S
[YEAR:26-11-1999]Pellizzari,R., Guidi-Rontani,C., Vitale,G., Mock,M. and Montecucco,C. Anthrax lethal factor cleaves MKK3 in macrophages and inhibits the LPS/IFNgamma-induced release of NO and TNFalpha FEBS Lett (26-11-1999) 462, 199-204. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Tang,G. and Leppla,S.H. Proteasome activity is required for anthrax lethal toxin to kill macrophages Infect Immun (1999) 67, 3055-3060. PubMed Europe PubMed PMC EPMC I

1998

[YEAR:1-5-1998]Duesbery,N.S., Webb,C.P., Leppla,S.H., Gordon,V.M., Klimpel,K.R., Copeland,T.D., Ahn,N.G., Oskarsson,M.K., Fukasawa,K., Paull,K.D. and Vande Woude,G.F. Proteolytic inactivation of MAP-kinase-kinase by anthrax lethal factor Science (1-5-1998) 280, 734-737. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI
Gupta,P., Batra,S., Chopra,A.P., Singh,Y. and Bhatnagar,R. Expression and purification of the recombinant lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis Infect Immun (1998) 66, 862-865. PubMed Europe PubMed PMC EPMC
Hammond,S.E. and Hanna,P.C. Lethal factor active-site mutations affect catalytic activity in vitro Infect Immun (1998) 66, 2374-2378. PubMed Europe PubMed PMC EPMC I
[YEAR:30-7-1998]Vitale,G., Pellizzari,R., Recchi,C., Napolitani,G., Mock,M. and Montecucco,C. Anthrax lethal factor cleaves the N-terminus of MAPKKs and induces tyrosine/threonine phosphorylation of MAPKs in cultured macrophages Biochem Biophys Res Commun (30-7-1998) 248, 706-711. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI

1996

Menard,A., Papini,E., Mock,M. and Montecucco,C. The cytotoxic activity of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor is inhibited by leukotriene A4 hydrolase and metallopeptidase inhibitors Biochem J (1996) 320, 687-691. PubMed Europe PubMed PMC EPMC
Menard,A., Altendorf,K., Breves,D., Mock,M. and Montecucco,C. The vacuolar ATPase proton pump is required for the cytotoxicity of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin FEBS Lett (1996) 386, 161-164. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI

1994

Klimpel,K.R., Arora,N. and Leppla,S.H. Anthrax toxin lethal factor contains a zinc metalloprotease consensus sequence which is required for lethal toxin activity Mol Microbiol (1994) 13, 1093-1100. PubMed Europe PubMed
Kochi,S.K., Schiavo,G., Mock,M. and Montecucco,C. Zinc content of the Bacillus anthracis lethal factor FEMS Microbiol Lett (1994) 124, 343-348. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI

1993

[YEAR:15-2-1993]Arora,N. and Leppla,S.H. Residues 1-254 of anthrax toxin lethal factor are sufficient to cause cellular uptake of fused polypeptides J Biol Chem (15-2-1993) 268, 3334-3341. PubMed Europe PubMed
Pezard,C., Duflot,E. and Mock,M. Construction of Bacillus anthracis mutant strains producing a single toxin component J Gen Microbiol (1993) 139, 2459-2463. PubMed Europe PubMed

1991

Pezard,C., Berche,P. and Mock,M. Contribution of individual toxin components to virulence of Bacillus anthracis Infect Immun (1991) 59, 3472-3477. PubMed Europe PubMed PMC EPMC

1988

Leppla,S.H. Production and purification of anthrax toxin Methods Enzymol (1988) 165, 103-116. PubMed Europe PubMed

1965

Haines,B.W., Klein,F. and Lincoln,R.E. Quantitative assay for crude anthrax toxins J Bacteriol (1965) 89, 74-83. PubMed Europe PubMed PMC EPMC

1962

Beall,F.A., Taylor,M.J. and Thorne,C.B. Rapid lethal effect in rats of a third component found upon fractionating the toxin of Bacillus anthracis J Bacteriol (1962) 83, 1274-1280. PubMed Europe PubMed PMC EPMC

1954

Smith,H. and Keppie,J. Observations on experimental anthrax; demonstration of a specific lethal factor produced in vivo by Bacillus anthracis Nature (1954) 173, 869-870. PubMed Europe PubMed DOI