Merops Switch to
Inhibitors

Peptidase

Family Clan SEARCHES BLAST
MEROPS SUBMISSIONS

Other
information

Literature for peptidase M34.001: anthrax lethal factor

Summary Alignment Tree Sequences Sequence features Distribution Structure Literature Substrates Pharma

(Topics flags: A Assay, S Structure, M Mutation, P Specificity, I Inhibitor, E Expression, U Therapeutic, V Review. To select only the references relevant to a single topic, click the link above. See explanation.)

    2026
  1. Ramchunder,K., Anderson,M.H. and Senzani,S.
    Bacterial zinc metalloproteases as facilitators of pathogenic success: a review
    Arch Microbiol (2026) 208, 97-97. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
    2. 2020
  2. Greaney,A.J., Portley,M.K., O'Mard,D., Crown,D., Maier,N.K., Mendenhall,M.A., Mayer-Barber,K.D., Leppla,S.H. and Moayeri,M.
    Frontline Science: Anthrax lethal toxin-induced, NLRP1-mediated IL-1beta release is a neutrophil and PAD4-dependent event
    J Leukoc Biol (2020) PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  3. Lo,S.Y., Goulet,D.L., Fraaz,U. and Siemann,S.
    Effect of pH and denaturants on the fold and metal status of anthrax lethal factor
    Arch Biochem Biophys (2020) 692, 108547-108547. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  4. Mendenhall,M.A., Liu,S., Portley,M.K., O'Mard,D., Fattah,R., Szabo,R., Bugge,T.H., Khillan,J.S., Leppla,S.H. and Moayeri,M.
    Anthrax lethal factor cleaves regulatory subunits of phosphoinositide-3 kinase to contribute to toxin lethality
    Nat Microbiol (2020) PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
    5. 2019
  5. Sandstrom,A., Mitchell,P.S., Goers,L., Mu,E.W., Lesser,C.F. and Vance,R.E.
    Functional degradation: a mechanism of NLRP1 inflammasome activation by diverse pathogen enzymes
    Science (2019) 364, eaau1330-eaau1330. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  6. Saxena,M., Nandi,S. and Saxena,A.K.
    QSAR and molecular docking studies of lethal factor protease inhibitors against Bacillus anthracis
    SAR QSAR Environ Res (2019) 30, 715-731. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  7. Turk,B.E.
    Exceptionally selective substrate targeting by the metalloprotease anthrax lethal factor
    Adv Exp Med Biol (2019) 1111, 189-203. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  P  S
    8. 2018
  8. Bi,T., Li,Y., Shekhtman,A. and Camarero,J.A.
    In-cell production of a genetically-encoded library based on the theta-defensin RTD-1 using a bacterial expression system
    Bioorg Med Chem (2018) 26, 1212-1219. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  9. Lahousse,M., Park,H.C., Lee,S.C., Ha,N.R., Jung,I.P., Schlesinger,S.R., Shackelford,K., Yoon,M.Y. and Kim,S.K.
    Inhibition of anthrax lethal factor by ssDNA aptamers
    Arch Biochem Biophys (2018) 646, 16-23. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  10. Suryadi,K. and Shine,N.
    Design and use of a novel substrate for simple, rapid, and specific early detection of anthrax infection
    PLoS ONE (2018) 13, e0207084-e0207084. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  A
  11. Young,C.J., Richard,K., Beruar,A., Lo,S.Y. and Siemann,S.
    An investigation of the pH dependence of copper-substituted anthrax lethal factor and its mechanistic implications
    J Inorg Biochem (2018) 182, 1-8. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
    12. 2017
  12. Gallegos-Candela,M., Boyer,A.E., Woolfitt,A.R., Brumlow,J., Lins,R.C., Quinn,C.P., Hoffmaster,A.R., Meister,G. and Barr,J.R.
    Validated MALDI-TOF-MS method for anthrax lethal factor provides early diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutics
    Anal Biochem (2017) 543, 97-107. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  A
  13. Goldberg,A.B., Cho,E., Miller,C.J., Lou,H.J. and Turk,B.E.
    Identification of a substrate-selective exosite within the metalloproteinase anthrax lethal factor
    J Biol Chem (2017) 292, 814-825. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  P
  14. Li,Y., Gould,A., Aboye,T., Bi,T., Breindel,L., Shekhtman,A. and Camarero,J.A.
    Full sequence amino acid scanning of theta-defensin RTD-1 yields a potent anthrax lethal factor protease inhibitor
    J Med Chem (2017) 60, 1916-1927. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
    15. 2016
  15. Goldberg,A.B. and Turk,B.E.
    Inhibitors of the metalloproteinase anthrax lethal factor
    Curr Top Med Chem (2016) 16, 2350-2358. PubMed  Europe PubMed  V  I
  16. Kolesnikov,A.V., Kozyr,A.V., Ryabko,A.K. and Shemyakin,I.G.
    Ultrasensitive detection of protease activity of anthrax and botulinum toxins by a new PCR-based assay
    Pathog Dis (2016) 74, ftv112- PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  A
  17. Young,C.J. and Siemann,S.
    Highly dynamic metal exchange in anthrax lethal factor involves the occupation of an inhibitory metal binding site
    Chem Commun (Camb) (2016) 52, 11748-11751. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
    18. 2015
  18. Kong,Q., Song,Y., Mu,M., Han,X., Si,C. and Li,F.
    Effects of metalloprotease anthrax lethal factor on its peptide-based inhibitor R9LF-1
    Mol Cell Biochem (2015) 406, 293-299. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  19. Kurbanov,E.K., Chiu,T.-L., Solberg,J., Francis,S., Maize,K.M., Fernandez,J., Johnson,R.L., Hawkinson,J.E., Walters,M.A., Finzel,B.C. and Amin,E.A.
    Probing the S2' subsite of the anthrax toxin lethal factor using novel N-alkylated hydroxamates
    J Med Chem (2015) 58, 8723-8733. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  20. Maize,K.M., Kurbanov,E.K., Johnson,R.L., Amin,E.A. and Finzel,B.C.
    Ligand-induced expansion of the S1' site in the anthrax toxin lethal factor
    FEBS Lett (2015) 589, 3836-3841. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  S  I
    21. 2014
  21. Antonelli,A.C., Zhang,Y., Golub,L.M., Johnson,F. and Simon,S.R.
    Inhibition of anthrax lethal factor by curcumin and chemically modified curcumin derivatives
    J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem (2014) 29, 663-669. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  22. Gomez-Jeria,J.S.
    A density functional study of the inhibition of the anthrax lethal factor toxin by quinoline-based small molecules related to aminoquinuride (NSC 12155)
    Res J Pharm , Biol Chem Sci (2014) 5, 780-792.  I
  23. Hutt,J.A., Lovchik,J.A., Drysdale,M., Sherwood,R.L., Brasel,T., Lipscomb,M.F. and Lyons,C.R.
    Lethal factor, but not edema factor, is required to cause fatal anthrax in cynomolgus macaques after pulmonary spore challenge
    Am J Pathol (2014) 184, 3205-3216. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  24. Kumar,B.V., Malik,S., Grandhi,P., Dayam,R. and Sarma,J.A.
    Anthrax lethal factor inhibitors as potential countermeasure of the infection
    Curr Top Med Chem (2014) 14, 1977-1989. PubMed  Europe PubMed  V
  25. Liao,H.-S., Liu,H.-L., Chen,W.-H. and Ho,Y.
    Structure-based pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening to identify novel inhibitors for anthrax lethal factor
    Med Chem Res (2014) 23, 3725-3732. DOI  I
  26. Lo,S.Y., Sabel,C.E., Webb,M.I., Walsby,C.J. and Siemann,S.
    High metal substitution tolerance of anthrax lethal factor and characterization of its active copper-substituted analogue
    J Inorg Biochem (2014) 140, 12-22. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  27. Maize,K.M., Kurbanov,E.K., De La Mora-Rey,T., Geders,T.W., Hwang,D.-J., Walters,M.A., Johnson,R.L., Amin,E.A. and Finzel,B.C.
    Anthrax toxin lethal factor domain 3 is highly mobile and responsive to ligand binding
    Acta Crystallogr Sect D Biol Crystallogr (2014) 70, 2813-2822. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  S
  28. Maize,K.M., Zhang,X. and Amin,E.A.
    Statistical analysis, optimization, and prioritization of virtual screening parameters for zinc enzymes including the anthrax toxin lethal factor
    Curr Top Med Chem (2014) 14, 2105-2114. PubMed  Europe PubMed  I
  29. Williams,J.D., Khan,A.R., Cardinale,S.C., Butler,M.M., Bowlin,T.L. and Peet,N.P.
    Small molecule inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor toxin
    Bioorg Med Chem (2014) 22, 419-434. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
    30. 2013
  30. Hurley,M.M. and Sellers,M.S.
    Prediction of protein-peptide interactions: application of the XPairIt API to anthrax lethal factor and substrates
    Progr Biomed Opt Imaging Proc SPIE (2013) 8719 DOI  P
  31. Lu,H., Catania,J., Baranji,K., Feng,J., Gu,M., Lathey,J., Sweeny,D., Sanford,H., Sapru,K., Patamawenu,T., Chen,J.H., Ng,A., Fesseha,Z., Kluepfel-Stahl,S., Minang,J. and Alleva,D.
    Characterization of the native form of anthrax lethal factor for use in the toxin neutralization assay
    Clin Vaccine Immunol (2013) 20, 986-997. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  32. Moayeri,M., Crown,D., Jiao,G.S., Kim,S., Johnson,A., Leysath,C. and Leppla,S.H.
    Small-molecule inhibitors of lethal factor protease activity protect against anthrax infection
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2013) 57, 4139-4145. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  33. Montpellier,L.H. and Siemann,S.
    Effect of pH on the catalytic function and zinc content of native and immobilized anthrax lethal factor
    FEBS Lett (2013) 587, 317-321. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
    34. 2012
  34. Bannwarth,L., Goldberg,A.B., Chen,C. and Turk,B.E.
    Identification of exosite-targeting inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor by high-throughput screening
    Chem Biol (2012) 19, 875-882. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  I
  35. Calugi,C., Trabocchi,A., Lalli,C. and Guarna,A.
    d-Proline-based peptidomimetic inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor
    Eur J Med Chem (2012) 56, 96-107. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  36. Gould,A., Li,Y., Majumder,S., Garcia,A.E., Carlsson,P., Shekhtman,A. and Camarero,J.A.
    Recombinant production of rhesus theta-defensin-1 (RTD-1) using a bacterial expression system
    Mol Biosyst (2012) 8, 1359-1365. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  E
  37. Hellmich,K.A., Levinsohn,J.L., Fattah,R., Newman,Z.L., Maier,N., Sastalla,I., Liu,S., Leppla,S.H. and Moayeri,M.
    Anthrax lethal factor cleaves mouse nlrp1b in both toxin-sensitive and toxin-resistant macrophages
    PLoS ONE (2012) 7, e49741-e49741. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  P
  38. Jiao,G.S., Kim,S., Moayeri,M., Crown,D., Thai,A., Cregar-Hernandez,L., McKasson,L., Sankaran,B., Lehrer,A., Wong,T., Johns,L., Margosiak,S.A., Leppla,S.H. and Johnson,A.T.
    Antidotes to anthrax lethal factor intoxication. Part 3: evaluation of core structures and further modifications to the C2-side chain
    Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2012) 22, 2242-2246. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  39. Leppla,S.H.
    Anthrax lethal factor
    [ISSN:978-0-12-407744-7] (2012) 3, 1257-1261. DOI
  40. Levinsohn,J.L., Newman,Z.L., Hellmich,K.A., Fattah,R., Getz,M.A., Liu,S., Sastalla,I., Leppla,S.H. and Moayeri,M.
    Anthrax lethal factor cleavage of nlrp1 is required for activation of the inflammasome
    PLoS Pathog (2012) 8, e1002638-e1002638. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  41. Liu,T., Milia,E., Warburton,R.R., Hill,N.S., Gaestel,M. and Kayyali,U.S.
    Anthrax lethal toxin disrupts the endothelial permeability barrier through blocking p38 signaling
    J Cell Physiol (2012) 227, 1438-1445. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  42. Park,H.C., Sung,S.R., Lim,S.M., Lee,J.S., Kim,S.K. and Yoon,M.Y.
    Proteolytic assay-based screening identifies a potent inhibitor of anthrax lethal factor
    Microb Pathog (2012) 53, 109-112. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
    43. 2011
  43. Bagramyan,K. and Kalkum,M.
    Ultrasensitive detection of Botulinum neurotoxins and anthrax lethal factor in biological samples by ALISSA
    Methods Mol Biol (2011) 739, 23-36. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  A
  44. Kim,J., Park,H.C., Gedi,V., Park,H.Y., Roberts,A.G., Atkins,W.M. and Yoon,M.Y.
    Yeast-hybrid based high-throughput assay for identification of anthrax lethal factor inhibitors
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2011) 404, 517-522. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  45. Kim,S., Jiao,G.S., Moayeri,M., Crown,D., Cregar-Hernandez,L., McKasson,L., Margosiak,S.A., Leppla,S.H. and Johnson,A.T.
    Antidotes to anthrax lethal factor intoxication. Part 2: structural modifications leading to improved in vivo efficacy
    Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2011) 21, 2030-2033. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  46. Kuklenyik,Z., Boyer,A.E., Lins,R., Quinn,C.P., Gallegos-Candela,M., Woolfitt,A., Pirkle,J.L. and Barr,J.R.
    Comparison of MALDI-TOF-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS for endopeptidase activity-based quantification of anthrax lethal factor in serum
    Anal Chem (2011) 83, 1760-1765. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  A
  47. Li,F., Terzyan,S. and Tang,J.
    Subsite specificity of anthrax lethal factor and its implications for inhibitor development
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2011) 407, 400-405. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  P
  48. Sabel,C.E., Carbone,R., Dabous,J.R., Lo,S.Y. and Siemann,S.
    Preparation and characterization of cobalt-substituted anthrax lethal factor
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2011) 416, 106-110. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  49. Smith,C.R., Smith,G.K., Yang,Z., Xu,D. and Guo,H.
    Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical study of anthrax lethal factor catalysis
    Theor Chem Acc (2011) 128, 83-90. DOI
  50. Thomas,J., Epshtein,Y., Chopra,A., Ordog,B., Ghassemi,M., Christman,J.W., Nattel,S., Cook,J.L. and Levitan,I.
    Anthrax lethal factor activates K(+) channels to induce IL-1beta secretion in macrophages
    J Immunol (2011) 186, 5236-5243. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
    51. 2010
  51. Alfano,R.W., Leppla,S.H., Liu,S., Bugge,T.H., Ortiz,J.M., Lairmore,T.C., Duesbery,N.S., Mitchell,I.C., Nwariaku,F. and Frankel,A.E.
    Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by the matrix metalloproteinase-activated anthrax lethal toxin in an orthotopic model of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
    Mol Cancer Ther (2010) 9, 190-201. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  U
  52. Cao,S., Guo,A., Wu,G., Liu,Z., Chen,W., Feng,C., Zhang,C.C. and Chen,H.
    Residue histidine 669 is essential for the catalytic activity of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor
    J Bacteriol (2010) 192, 5799-5805. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  53. Dalkas,G.A., Chasapis,C.T., Gkazonis,P.V., Bentrop,D. and Spyroulias,G.A.
    Conformational dynamics of the anthrax lethal factor catalytic center
    Biochemistry (2010) 49, 10767-10769. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  S
  54. Fang,H., Sun,C., Xu,L., Owen,R.J., Auth,R.D., Snoy,P.J. and Frucht,D.M.
    Neutrophil elastase mediates pathogenic effects of anthrax lethal toxin in the murine intestinal tract
    J Immunol (2010) 185, 5463-5467. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  55. Gkazonis,P.V., Dalkas,G.A., Chasapis,C.T., Vlamis-Gardikas,A., Bentrop,D. and Spyroulias,G.A.
    Purification and biophysical characterization of the core protease domain of anthrax lethal factor
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2010) 396, 643-647. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  E
  56. Ha,S.D., Ham,B., Mogridge,J., Saftig,P., Lin,S. and Kim,S.O.
    Cathepsin B-mediated autophagy flux facilitates the anthrax toxin receptor 2-mediated delivery of anthrax lethal factor into the cytoplasm
    J Biol Chem (2010) 285, 2120-2129. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  57. Jiao,G.S., Kim,S., Moayeri,M., Cregar-Hernandez,L., McKasson,L., Margosiak,S.A., Leppla,S.H. and Johnson,A.T.
    Antidotes to anthrax lethal factor intoxication. Part 1: Discovery of potent lethal factor inhibitors with in vivo efficacy
    Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2010) 20, 6850-6853. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  58. Newman,Z.L., Printz,M.P., Liu,S., Crown,D., Breen,L., Miller-Randolph,S., Flodman,P., Leppla,S.H. and Moayeri,M.
    Susceptibility to anthrax lethal toxin-induced rat death is controlled by a single chromosome 10 locus that includes rNlrp1
    PLoS Pathog (2010) 6, e1000906-e1000906. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  59. Ngai,S., Batty,S., Liao,K.C. and Mogridge,J.
    An anthrax lethal factor mutant that is defective at causing pyroptosis retains proapoptotic activity
    FEBS J (2010) 277, 119-127. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  60. Sabel,C.E., St-Denis,S., Neureuther,J.M., Carbone,R. and Siemann,S.
    Alkaline earth metals are not required for the restoration of the apoform of anthrax lethal factor to its holoenzyme state
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2010) 403, 209-213. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  61. Yuan,H., Johnson,S.L., Chen,L.H., Wei,J. and Pellecchia,M.
    A novel pharmacophore model for the design of anthrax lethal factor inhibitors
    Chem Biol Drug Des (2010) 76, 263-268. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
    62. 2009
  62. Agrawal,A., de Oliveira,C.A., Cheng,Y., Jacobsen,J.A., McCammon,J.A. and Cohen,S.M.
    Thioamide hydroxypyrothiones supersede amide hydroxypyrothiones in potency against anthrax lethal factor
    J Med Chem (2009) 52, 1063-1074. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  I
  63. Alfano,R.W., Leppla,S.H., Liu,S., Bugge,T.H., Meininger,C.J., Lairmore,T.C., Mulne,A.F., Davis,S.H., Duesbery,N.S. and Frankel,A.E.
    Matrix metalloproteinase-activated anthrax lethal toxin inhibits endothelial invasion and neovasculature formation during in vitro morphogenesis
    Mol Cancer Res (2009) 7, 452-461. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  U
  64. Chen,Z., Moayeri,M., Crown,D., Emerson,S., Gorshkova,I., Schuck,P., Leppla,S.H. and Purcell,R.H.
    Novel chimpanzee/human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize anthrax lethal factor, and evidence for possible synergy with anti-protective antigen antibody
    Infect Immun (2009) 77, 3902-3908. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  65. Chun-Fan,F., Gao-Bing,W., Sha,C., Zi-Duo,L. and Yu-Zhi,H.
    Screening and activity analysis of lethal factor mutants-K518E and L519C from Bacillus anthracis
    Prog Biochem Biophys (2009) 36, 1306-1312. DOI  M
  66. Dalkas,G.A., Papakyriakou,A., Vlamis-Gardikas,A. and Spyroulias,G.A.
    Insights into the anthrax lethal factor-substrate interaction and selectivity using docking and molecular dynamics simulations
    Protein Sci (2009) 18, 1774-1785. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  P  S
  67. Johnson,S.L., Chen,L.H., Barile,E., Emdadi,A., Sabet,M., Yuan,H., Wei,J., Guiney,D. and Pellecchia,M.
    Structure-activity relationship studies of a novel series of anthrax lethal factor inhibitors
    Bioorg Med Chem (2009) 17, 3352-3368. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  I
  68. Joshi,M., Ebalunode,J.O. and Briggs,J.M.
    Computational insights into the interaction of the anthrax lethal factor with the N-terminal region of its substrates
    Proteins (2009) 75, 323-335. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  P
  69. Kang,Z., Webster Marketon,J.I., Johnson,A. and Sternberg,E.M.
    Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin represses MMTV promoter activity through transcription factors
    J Mol Biol (2009) 389, 595-605. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  70. Lebrun,I., Marques-Porto,R., Pereira,A.S., Pereira,A. and Perpetuo,E.A.
    Bacterial toxins: an overview on bacterial proteases and their action as virulence factors
    Mini Rev Med Chem (2009) 9, 820-828. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  V
  71. Moayeri,M. and Leppla,S.H.
    Cellular and systemic effects of anthrax lethal toxin and edema toxin
    Mol Aspects Med (2009) 30, 439-455. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  72. Nguyen,M.L., Crowe,S.R., Kurella,S., Teryzan,S., Cao,B., Ballard,J.D., James,J.A. and Farris,A.D.
    Sequential B-cell epitopes of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor bind lethal toxin-neutralizing antibodies
    Infect Immun (2009) 77, 162-169. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  73. Thoren,K.L., Worden,E.J., Yassif,J.M. and Krantz,B.A.
    Lethal factor unfolding is the most force-dependent step of anthrax toxin translocation
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2009) 106, 21555-21560. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  74. Tonello,F. and Montecucco,C.
    The anthrax lethal factor and its MAPK kinase-specific metalloprotease activity
    Mol Aspects Med (2009) 30, 431-438. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  V  I
  75. Zakharova,M.Y., Kuznetsov,N.A., Dubiley,S.A., Kozyr,A.V., Fedorova,O.S., Chudakov,D.M., Knorre,D.G., Shemyakin,I.G., Gabibov,A.G. and Kolesnikov,A.V.
    Substrate recognition of anthrax lethal factor examined by combinatorial and pre-steady-state kinetic approaches
    J Biol Chem (2009) 284, 17902-17913. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
    76. 2008
  76. Alfano,R.W., Leppla,S.H., Liu,S., Bugge,T.H., Duesbery,N.S. and Frankel,A.E.
    Potent inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by the matrix metalloproteinase-activated anthrax lethal toxin: implications for broad anti-tumor efficacy
    Cell Cycle (2008) 7, 745-749. PubMed  Europe PubMed
  77. Alfano,R.W., Leppla,S.H., Liu,S., Bugge,T.H., Herlyn,M., Smalley,K.S., Bromberg-White,J.L., Duesbery,N.S. and Frankel,A.E.
    Cytotoxicity of the matrix metalloproteinase-activated anthrax lethal toxin is dependent on gelatinase expression and B-RAF status in human melanoma cells
    Mol Cancer Ther (2008) 7, 1218-1226. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  U
  78. Bromberg-White,J.L. and Duesbery,N.S.
    Biological and biochemical characterization of anthrax lethal factor, a proteolytic inhibitor of MEK signaling pathways
    Methods Enzymol (2008) 438, 355-365. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  V
  79. Cao,S., Liu,Z., Guo,A., Li,Y., Zhang,C., Gaobing,W., Chunfang,F., Tan,Y. and Chen,H.
    Efficient production and characterization of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor and a novel inactive mutant rLFm-Y236F
    Protein Expr Purif (2008) 59, 25-30. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  80. Dalkas,G.A., Papakyriakou,A., Vlamis-Gardikas,A. and Spyroulias,G.A.
    Low molecular weight inhibitors of the protease anthrax lethal factor
    Mini Rev Med Chem (2008) 8, 290-306. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  V  I
  81. Gaddis,B.D., Rubert Perez,C.M. and Chmielewski,J.
    Inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor based upon N-oleoyldopamine
    Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2008) 18, 2467-2470. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  82. Gupta,P.K., Moayeri,M., Crown,D., Fattah,R.J. and Leppla,S.H.
    Role of N-terminal amino acids in the potency of anthrax lethal factor
    PLoS ONE (2008) 3, e3130-e3130. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  E
  83. Hong,R., Magistrato,A. and Carloni,P.
    Anthrax lethal factor investigated by molecular simulations
    J Chem Theory Comput (2008) 4, 1745-1756. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  84. Johnson,S.L., Chen,L.H., Harbach,R., Sabet,M., Savinov,A., Cotton,N.J., Strongin,A., Guiney,D. and Pellecchia,M.
    Rhodanine derivatives as selective protease inhibitors against bacterial toxins
    Chem Biol Drug Des (2008) 71, 131-139. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  85. Kim,J., Park,H., Myung-Hyun,J., Han,S.H., Chung,H., Lee,J.S., Park,J.S. and Yoon,M.Y.
    The effects of anthrax lethal factor on the macrophage proteome: potential activity on nitric oxide synthases
    Arch Biochem Biophys (2008) 472, 58-64. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  86. Turk,B.E.
    Discovery and development of anthrax lethal factor metalloproteinase inhibitors
    Curr Pharm Biotechnol (2008) 9, 24-33. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  V  I
  87. Verma,A., Wagner,L., Stibitz,S., Nguyen,N., Guerengomba,F. and Burns,D.L.
    Role of the N-terminal amino acid of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor in lethal toxin cytotoxicity and its effect on the lethal toxin neutralization assay
    Clin Vaccine Immunol (2008) 15, 1737-1741. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  88. Wickliffe,K.E., Leppla,S.H. and Moayeri,M.
    Anthrax lethal toxin-induced inflammasome formation and caspase-1 activation are late events dependent on ion fluxes and the proteasome
    Cell Microbiol (2008) 10, 332-343. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  89. Zakharova,M.Y., Dubiley,S.A., Chudakov,D.M., Gabibov,A.G., Shemyakin,I.G. and Kolesnikov,A.V.
    Substrate specificity of the anthrax lethal factor
    Dokl Biochem Biophys (2008) 418, 14-17. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  P
    90. 2007
  90. Boyer,A.E., Quinn,C.P., Woolfitt,A.R., Pirkle,J.L., McWilliams,L.G., Stamey,K.L., Bagarozzi,D.A., Hart,J.C., Jr. and Barr,J.R.
    Detection and quantification of anthrax lethal factor in serum by mass spectrometry
    Anal Chem (2007) 79, 8463-8470. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  91. Chvyrkova,I., Zhang,X.C. and Terzyan,S.
    Lethal factor of anthrax toxin binds monomeric form of protective antigen
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2007) 360, 690-695. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  92. Depeille,P., Young,J.J., Boguslawski,E.A., Berghuis,B.D., Kort,E.J., Resau,J.H., Frankel,A.E. and Duesbery,N.S.
    Anthrax lethal toxin inhibits growth of and vascular endothelial growth factor release from endothelial cells expressing the human herpes virus 8 viral G protein coupled receptor
    Clin Cancer Res (2007) 13, 5926-5934. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  U
  93. Gaddis,B.D., Avramova,L.V. and Chmielewski,J.
    Inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor
    Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2007) 17, 4575-4578. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  94. Hanna,M.L., Tarasow,T.M. and Perkins,J.
    Mechanistic differences between in vitro assays for hydrazone-based small molecule inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor
    Bioorg Chem (2007) 35, 50-58. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  A  I
  95. Johnson,S.L., Chen,L.H. and Pellecchia,M.
    A high-throughput screening approach to anthrax lethal factor inhibition
    Bioorg Chem (2007) 35, 306-312. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  I
  96. Juris,S.J., Melnyk,R.A., Bolcome,R.E., III, Chan,J. and Collier,R.J.
    Cross-linked forms of the isolated N-terminal domain of the lethal factor are potent inhibitors of anthrax toxin
    Infect Immun (2007) 75, 5052-5058. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  97. Kimura,R.H., Steenblock,E.R. and Camarero,J.A.
    Development of a cell-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer reporter for Bacillus anthracis lethal factor protease
    Anal Biochem (2007) 369, 60-70. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  A
  98. Muehlbauer,S.M., Evering,T.H., Bonuccelli,G., Squires,R.C., Ashton,A.W., Porcelli,S.A., Lisanti,M.P. and Brojatsch,J.
    Anthrax lethal toxin kills macrophages in a strain-specific manner by apoptosis or caspase-1-mediated necrosis
    Cell Cycle (2007) 6, 758-766. PubMed  Europe PubMed
  99. Nguyen,T.L., Panchal,R.G., Topol,I.A., Lane,D., Kenny,T., Burnett,J.C., Hermone,A.R., McGrath,C., Burt,S.K., Gussio,R. and Bavari,S.
    A theoretical study of anthrax lethal factor inhibition by a set of novel carbamimidolyl-aryl-vinyl-carboxamidines: A possible mechanism involving zinc-ligation by amidine
    Theochem (2007) 821, 139-144. DOI  I
  100. Pelat,T., Hust,M., Laffly,E., Condemine,F., Bottex,C., Vidal,D., Lefranc,M.P., Dubel,S. and Thullier,P.
    High-affinity, human antibody-like antibody fragment (single-chain variable fragment) neutralizing the lethal factor (LF) of Bacillus anthracis by inhibiting protective antigen-LF complex formation
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2007) 51, 2758-2764. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  101. Su,Y., Ortiz,J., Liu,S., Bugge,T.H., Singh,R., Leppla,S.H. and Frankel,A.E.
    Systematic urokinase-activated anthrax toxin therapy produces regressions of subcutaneous human non-small cell lung tumor in athymic nude mice
    Cancer Res (2007) 67, 3329-3336. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  U
  102. [YEAR:1-9-2007]Xu,L. and Frucht,D.M.
    Bacillus anthracis: a multi-faceted role for anthrax lethal toxin in thwarting host immune defenses
    Int J Biochem Cell Biol (1-9-2007) 39, 20-24. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  V
  103. Young,J.A. and Collier,R.J.
    Anthrax toxin: receptor binding, internalization, pore formation, and translocation
    Annu Rev Biochem (2007) 76, 243-265. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  V
    104. 2006
  104. Abi-Habib,R.J., Singh,R., Liu,S., Bugge,T.H., Leppla,S.H. and Frankel,A.E.
    A urokinase-activated recombinant anthrax toxin is selectively cytotoxic to many human tumor cell types
    Mol Cancer Ther (2006) 5, 2556-2562. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  105. Batty,S., Chow,E.M., Kassam,A., Der,S.D. and Mogridge,J.
    Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling by Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin causes destabilization of interleukin-8 mRNA
    Cell Microbiol (2006) 8, 130-138. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  106. Boyden,E.D. and Dietrich,W.F.
    Nalp1b controls mouse macrophage susceptibility to anthrax lethal toxin
    Nat Genet (2006) 38, 240-244. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  107. [YEAR:7-5-2006]Chang,H.H., Tsai,M.F., Chung,C.P., Chen,P.K., Hu,H.I., Kau,J.H., Huang,H.H., Lin,H.C. and Sun,D.S.
    Single-step purification of recombinant anthrax lethal factor from periplasm of Escherichia coli
    J Biotechnol (7-5-2006) 126, 277-285. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  E
  108. [YEAR:8-6-2006]Goldman,M.E., Cregar,L., Nguyen,D., Simo,O., O'Malley,S. and Humphreys,T.
    Cationic polyamines inhibit anthrax lethal factor protease
    BMC Pharmacol (8-6-2006) 6, 8-8. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  I
  109. [YEAR:2-2-2006]Guichard,A., Park,J.M., Cruz-Moreno,B., Karin,M. and Bier,E.
    Anthrax lethal factor and edema factor act on conserved targets in Drosophila
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2-2-2006) 103, 3244-3249. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  110. Heninger,S., Drysdale,M., Lovchik,J., Hutt,J., Lipscomb,M.F., Koehler,T.M. and Lyons,C.R.
    Toxin-deficient mutants of Bacillus anthracis are lethal in a murine model for pulmonary anthrax
    Infect Immun (2006) 74, 6067-6074. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  111. [YEAR:24-7-2006]Jiao,G.S., Simo,O., Nagata,M., O'Malley,S., Hemscheidt,T., Cregar,L., Millis,S.Z., Goldman,M.E. and Tang,C.
    Selectively guanidinylated derivatives of neamine. Syntheses and inhibition of anthrax lethal factor protease
    Bioorg Med Chem Lett (24-7-2006) 16, 5183-5189. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  112. [YEAR:28-12-2006]Jiao,G.S., Cregar,L., Goldman,M.E., Millis,S.Z. and Tang,C.
    Guanidinylated 2,5-dideoxystreptamine derivatives as anthrax lethal factor inhibitors
    Bioorg Med Chem Lett (28-12-2006) 16, 1527-1531. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  113. [YEAR:12-1-2006]Johnson,S.L., Jung,D., Forino,M., Chen,Y., Satterthwait,A., Rozanov,D.V., Strongin,A.Y. and Pellecchia,M.
    Anthrax lethal factor protease inhibitors: synthesis, SAR, and structure-based 3D QSAR studies
    J Med Chem (12-1-2006) 49, 27-30. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  114. Kim,J. and Yoon,M.Y.
    Anthrax lethal factor: critical virulence factor of pathogenesis of anthrax toxins
    J Toxicol Toxin Rev (2006) 25, 109-124.  V
  115. Kuzmic,P., Cregar,L., Millis,S.Z. and Goldman,M.
    Mixed-type noncompetitive inhibition of anthrax lethal factor protease by aminoglycosides
    FEBS J (2006) 273, 3054-3062. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  116. Lewis,J.A., Mongan,J., McCammon,J.A. and Cohen,S.M.
    Evaluation and binding-mode prediction of thiopyrone-based inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor
    ChemMedChem (2006) 1, 694-697. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  117. [YEAR:17-11-2006]Melnyk,R.A., Hewitt,K.M., Lacy,D.B., Lin,H.C., Gessner,C.R., Li,S., Woods,V.L., Jr. and Collier,R.J.
    Structural determinants for the binding of anthrax lethal factor to oligomeric protective antigen
    J Biol Chem (17-11-2006) 281, 1630-1635. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  118. [YEAR:7-3-2006]Neumeyer,T., Tonello,F., Dal Molin,F., Schiffler,B., Orlik,F. and Benz,R.
    Anthrax lethal factor (LF) mediated block of the anthrax protective antigen (PA) ion channel: effect of ionic strength and voltage
    Biochemistry (7-3-2006) 45, 3060-3068. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  119. [YEAR:24-8-2006]Schepetkin,I.A., Khlebnikov,A.I., Kirpotina,L.N. and Quinn,M.T.
    Novel small-molecule inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor identified by high-throughput screening
    J Med Chem (24-8-2006) 49, 5232-5244. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  120. Wang,W., Mulakala,C., Ward,S.C., Jung,G., Luong,H., Pham,D., Waring,A.J., Kaznessis,Y., Lu,W., Bradley,K.A. and Lehrer,R.I.
    Retrocyclins kill bacilli and germinating spores of Bacillus anthracis and inactivate anthrax lethal toxin
    J Biol Chem (2006) 281, 32755-32764. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  121. [YEAR:7-12-2006]Xiong,Y., Wiltsie,J., Woods,A., Guo,J., Pivnichny,J.V., Tang,W., Bansal,A., Cummings,R.T., Cunningham,B.R., Friedlander,A.M., Douglas,C.M., Salowe,S.P., Zaller,D.M., Scolnick,E.M., Schmatz,D.M., Bartizal,K., Hermes,J.D., MacCoss,M. and Chapman,K.T.
    The discovery of a potent and selective lethal factor inhibitor for adjunct therapy of anthrax infection
    Bioorg Med Chem Lett (7-12-2006) 16, 964-968. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
    122. 2005
  122. [YEAR:14-3-2005]Chandra,H., Gupta,P.K., Sharma,K., Mattoo,A.R., Garg,S.K., Gade,W.N., Sirdeshmukh,R., Maithal,K. and Singh,Y.
    Proteome analysis of mouse macrophages treated with anthrax lethal toxin
    Biochim Biophys Acta (14-3-2005) 1747, 151-159. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  123. [YEAR:15-4-2005]Fang,H., Cordoba-Rodriguez,R., Lankford,C.S. and Frucht,D.M.
    Anthrax lethal toxin blocks MAPK kinase-dependent IL-2 production in CD4+ T cells
    J Immunol (15-4-2005) 174, 4966-4971. PubMed  Europe PubMed
  124. Forino,M., Johnson,S., Wong,T.Y., Rozanov,D.V., Savinov,A.Y., Li,W., Fattorusso,R., Becattini,B., Orry,A.J., Jung,D., Abagyan,R.A., Smith,J.W., Alibek,K., Liddington,R.C., Strongin,A.Y. and Pellecchia,M.
    Efficient synthetic inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2005) 102, 9499-9504. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  S  I
  125. Fridman,M., Belakhov,V., Lee,L.V., Liang,F.S., Wong,C.H. and Baasov,T.
    Dual effect of synthetic aminoglycosides: antibacterial activity against Bacillus anthracis and inhibition of anthrax lethal factor
    Angew Chem Int Ed Engl (2005) 44, 447-452. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  126. Kassam,A., Der,S.D. and Mogridge,J.
    Differentiation of human monocytic cell lines confers susceptibility to Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin
    Cell Microbiol (2005) 7, 281-292. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  127. Kim,C., Gajendran,N., Mittrucker,H.W., Weiwad,M., Song,Y.H., Hurwitz,R., Wilmanns,M., Fischer,G. and Kaufmann,S.H.
    Human alpha-defensins neutralize anthrax lethal toxin and protect against its fatal consequences
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2005) 102, 4830-4835. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  128. [YEAR:1-6-2005]Kim,J., Choi,M.K., Koo,B.S. and Yoon,M.Y.
    Development of high-throughput assay of lethal factor using native substrate
    Anal Biochem (1-6-2005) 341, 33-39. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  A
  129. Kocer,S.S., Walker,S.G., Zerler,B., Golub,L.M. and Simon,S.R.
    Metalloproteinase inhibitors, nonantimicrobial chemically modified tetracyclines, and Ilomastat block Bacillus anthracis lethal factor activity in viable cells
    Infect Immun (2005) 73, 7548-7557. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  I
  130. Lim,N.K., Kim,J.H., Oh,M.S., Lee,S., Kim,S.Y., Kim,K.S., Kang,H.J., Hong,H.J. and Inn,K.S.
    An anthrax lethal factor-neutralizing monoclonal antibody protects rats before and after challenge with anthrax toxin
    Infect Immun (2005) 73, 6547-6551. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  131. [YEAR:6-5-2005]Numa,M.M., Lee,L.V., Hsu,C.C., Bower,K.E. and Wong,C.H.
    Identification of novel anthrax lethal factor inhibitors generated by combinatorial Pictet-Spengler reaction followed by screening in situ
    Chembiochem (6-5-2005) 6, 1002-1006. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  132. [YEAR:11-1-2005]Panchal,R.G., Halverson,K.M., Ribot,W., Lane,D., Kenny,T., Abshire,T.G., Ezzell,J.W., Hoover,T.A., Powell,B., Little,S., Kasianowicz,J.J. and Bavari,S.
    Purified Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin complex formed in vitro and during infection exhibits functional and biological activity
    J Biol Chem (11-1-2005) 280, 10834-10839. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  133. [YEAR:31-5-2005]Shoop,W.L., Xiong,Y., Wiltsie,J., Woods,A., Guo,J., Pivnichny,J.V., Felcetto,T., Michael,B.F., Bansal,A., Cummings,R.T., Cunningham,B.R., Friedlander,A.M., Douglas,C.M., Patel,S.B., Wisniewski,D., Scapin,G., Salowe,S.P., Zaller,D.M., Chapman,K.T., Scolnick,E.M., Schmatz,D.M., Bartizal,K., MacCoss,M. and Hermes,J.D.
    Anthrax lethal factor inhibition
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (31-5-2005) 102, 7958-7963. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  S  I
  134. [YEAR:4-8-2005]Shultz,C.S., Dreher,S.D., Ikemoto,N., Williams,J.M., Grabowski,E.J., Krska,S.W., Sun,Y., Dormer,P.G. and Dimichele,L.
    Asymmetric hydrogenation of N-sulfonylated-alpha-dehydroamino acids: toward the synthesis of an anthrax lethal factor inhibitor
    Org Lett (4-8-2005) 7, 3405-3408. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
    135. 2004
  135. Agrawal,A. and Pulendran,B.
    Anthrax lethal toxin: a weapon of multisystem destruction
    Cell Mol Life Sci (2004) 61, 2859-2865. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  V
  136. [YEAR:14-11-2004]Bardwell,A.J., Abdollahi,M. and Bardwell,L.
    Anthrax lethal factor-cleavage products of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) kinases exhibit reduced binding to their cognate MAPKs
    Biochem J (14-11-2004) 378, 569-577. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  137. [YEAR:15-1-2004]Dang,O., Navarro,L., Anderson,K. and David,M.
    Cutting edge: anthrax lethal toxin inhibits activation of IFN-regulatory factor 3 by lipopolysaccharide
    J Immunol (15-1-2004) 172, 747-751. PubMed  Europe PubMed
  138. [YEAR:2-1-2004]Kim,J., Chai,Y.G. and Yoon,M.Y.
    Implication of pH in the catalytic properties of anthrax lethal factor
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2-1-2004) 313, 217-222. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  139. Kim,T.G., Galloway,D.R. and Langridge,W.H.
    Synthesis and assembly of anthrax lethal factor-cholera toxin B-subunit fusion protein in transgenic potato
    Mol Biotechnol (2004) 28, 175-183. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  E
  140. [YEAR:21-4-2004]Lee,L.V., Bower,K.E., Liang,F.S., Shi,J., Wu,D., Sucheck,S.J., Vogt,P.K. and Wong,C.H.
    Inhibition of the proteolytic activity of anthrax lethal factor by aminoglycosides
    J Am Chem Soc (21-4-2004) 126, 4774-4775. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  141. Leppla,S.H.
    Anthrax lethal factor
    [ISSN:0-12-079610-4] (2004) 2, 781-783.  V
  142. [YEAR:1-10-2004]Liang,X., Young,J.J., Boone,S.A., Waugh,D.S. and Duesbery,N.S.
    Involvement of domain II in toxicity of anthrax lethal factor
    J Biol Chem (1-10-2004) 279, 52473-52478. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  143. Min,D.H., Tang,W.J. and Mrksich,M.
    Chemical screening by mass spectrometry to identify inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor
    Nat Biotechnol (2004) 22, 717-723. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  144. Montecucco,C., Tonello,F. and Zanotti,G.
    Stop the killer: how to inhibit the anthrax lethal factor metalloprotease
    Trends Biochem Sci (2004) 29, 282-285. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  145. Panchal,R.G., Hermone,A.R., Nguyen,T.L., Wong,T.Y., Schwarzenbacher,R., Schmidt,J., Lane,D., McGrath,C., Turk,B.E., Burnett,J., Aman,M.J., Little,S., Sausville,E.A., Zaharevitz,D.W., Cantley,L.C., Liddington,R.C., Gussio,R. and Bavari,S.
    Identification of small molecule inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor
    Nat Struct Mol Biol (2004) 11, 67-72. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  S  I
  146. [YEAR:27-8-2004]Peinado,J.R., Kacprzak,M.M., Leppla,S.H. and Lindberg,I.
    Cross-inhibition between furin and lethal factor inhibitors
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun (27-8-2004) 321, 601-605. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  I
  147. Ren,G., Quispe,J., Leppla,S.H. and Mitra,A.K.
    Large-scale structural changes accompany binding of lethal factor to anthrax protective antigen: a cryo-electron microscopic study
    Structure (2004) 12, 2059-2066. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  S
  148. [YEAR:16-1-2004]Tonello,F., Naletto,L., Romanello,V., Dal Molin,F. and Montecucco,C.
    Tyrosine-728 and glutamic acid-735 are essential for the metalloproteolytic activity of the lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun (16-1-2004) 313, 496-502. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  149. Turk,B.E., Wong,T.Y., Schwarzenbacher,R., Jarrell,E.T., Leppla,S.H., Collier,R.J., Liddington,R.C. and Cantley,L.C.
    The structural basis for substrate and inhibitor selectivity of the anthrax lethal factor
    Nat Struct Mol Biol (2004) 11, 60-66. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  S  I
  150. [YEAR:30-11-2004]Zhang,S., Finkelstein,A. and Collier,R.J.
    Evidence that translocation of anthrax toxin's lethal factor is initiated by entry of its N terminus into the protective antigen channel
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (30-11-2004) 101, 16756-16761. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
    151. 2003
  151. [YEAR:14-3-2003]Chopra,A.P., Boone,S.A., Liang,X. and Duesbery,N.S.
    Anthrax lethal factor proteolysis and inactivation of MAPK kinase
    J Biol Chem (14-3-2003) 278, 9402-9406. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  152. Kim,J., Kim,Y.M., Koo,B.S., Chae,Y.K. and Yoon,M.Y.
    Production and proteolytic assay of lethal factor from Bacillus anthracis
    Protein Expr Purif (2003) 30, 293-300. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  A
  153. [YEAR:28-2-2003]Kim,S.O., Jing,Q., Hoebe,K., Beutler,B., Duesbery,N.S. and Han,J.
    Sensitizing anthrax lethal toxin-resistant macrophages to lethal toxin-induced killing by tumor necrosis factor-alpha
    J Biol Chem (28-2-2003) 278, 7413-7421. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  154. [YEAR:27-5-2003]Kushner,N., Zhang,D., Touzjian,N., Essex,M., Lieberman,J. and Lu,Y.
    A fragment of anthrax lethal factor delivers proteins to the cytosol without requiring protective antigen
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (27-5-2003) 100, 6652-6657. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  155. [YEAR:21-1-2003]Liu,S., Aaronson,H., Mitola,D.J., Leppla,S.H. and Bugge,T.H.
    Potent antitumor activity of a urokinase-activated engineered anthrax toxin
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (21-1-2003) 100, 657-662. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  156. McAllister,R.D., Singh,Y., du Bois,W.D., Potter,M., Boehm,T., Meeker,N.D., Fillmore,P.D., Anderson,L.M., Poynter,M.E. and Teuscher,C.
    Susceptibility to anthrax lethal toxin is controlled by three linked quantitative trait loci
    Am J Pathol (2003) 163, 1735-1741. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  157. [YEAR:1-10-2003]Rivera,V.R., Merrill,G.A., White,J.A. and Poli,M.A.
    An enzymatic electrochemiluminescence assay for the lethal factor of anthrax
    Anal Biochem (1-10-2003) 321, 125-130. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  A
  158. [YEAR:10-10-2003]Tonello,F., Ascenzi,P. and Montecucco,C.
    The metalloproteolytic activity of the anthrax lethal factor is substrate-inhibited
    J Biol Chem (10-10-2003) 278, 40075-40078. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  159. [YEAR:13-5-2003]Webster,J.I., Tonelli,L.H., Moayeri,M., Simons,S.S., Jr., Leppla,S.H. and Sternberg,E.M.
    Anthrax lethal factor represses glucocorticoid and progesterone receptor activity
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (13-5-2003) 100, 5706-5711. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  160. Zhao,P., Liang,X., Kalbfleisch,J., Koo,H.M. and Cao,B.
    Neutralizing monoclonal antibody against anthrax lethal factor inhibits intoxication in a mouse model
    Hum Antibodies (2003) 12, 129-135. PubMed  Europe PubMed
    161. 2002
  161. [YEAR:20-11-2002]Ascenzi,P., Visca,P., Ippolito,G., Spallarossa,A., Bolognesi,M. and Montecucco,C.
    Anthrax toxin: a tripartite lethal combination
    FEBS Lett (20-11-2002) 531, 384-388. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  162. [YEAR:14-5-2002]Cummings,R.T., Salowe,S.P., Cunningham,B.R., Wiltsie,J., Park,Y.W., Sonatore,L.M., Wisniewski,D., Douglas,C.M., Hermes,J.D. and Scolnick,E.M.
    A peptide-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay for Bacillus anthracis lethal factor protease
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (14-5-2002) 99, 6603-6606. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC  A
  163. [YEAR:5-3-2002]Koo,H.M., VanBrocklin,M., McWilliams,M.J., Leppla,S.H., Duesbery,N.S. and Vande Woude,G.F.
    Apoptosis and melanogenesis in human melanoma cells induced by anthrax lethal factor inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (5-3-2002) 99, 3052-3057. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  164. [YEAR:25-1-2002]Lacy,D.B., Mourez,M., Fouassier,A. and Collier,R.J.
    Mapping the anthrax protective antigen binding site on the lethal and edema factors
    J Biol Chem (25-1-2002) 277, 3006-3010. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  165. [YEAR:20-9-2002]Park,J.M., Greten,F.R., Li,Z.W. and Karin,M.
    Macrophage apoptosis by anthrax lethal factor through p38 MAP kinase inhibition
    Science (20-9-2002) 297, 2048-2051. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  166. [YEAR:2-7-2002]Singh,A., Chauhan,V., Sodhi,A. and Bhatnagar,R.
    Asp 187 and Phe 190 residues in lethal factor are required for the expression of anthrax lethal toxin activity
    FEMS Microbiol Lett (2-7-2002) 212, 183-186. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  167. [YEAR:9-4-2002]Singh,A., Singh,S., Waheed,S.M., Khandelwal,P. and Bhatnagar,R.
    Expression of anthrax lethal factor gene by osmolyte induction
    FEMS Microbiol Lett (9-4-2002) 209, 301-305. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  168. Smith,H.
    Discovery of the anthrax toxin: the beginning of studies of virulence determinants regulated in vivo
    Int J Med Microbiol (2002) 291, 411-417. PubMed  Europe PubMed
  169. [YEAR:25-7-2002]Tonello,F., Seveso,M., Marin,O., Mock,M. and Montecucco,C.
    Screening inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor
    Nature (25-7-2002) 418, 386-386. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  A  I
    170. 2001
  170. [YEAR:16-2-2001]Batra,S., Gupta,P., Chauhan,V., Singh,A. and Bhatnagar,R.
    Trp 346 and Leu 352 residues in protective antigen are required for the expression of anthrax lethal toxin activity
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun (16-2-2001) 281, 186-192. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  171. [YEAR:8-11-2001]Bradley,K.A., Mogridge,J., Mourez,M., Collier,R.J. and Young,J.A.T.
    Identification of the cellular receptor for anthrax toxin
    Nature (8-11-2001) 414, 225-229. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  172. [YEAR:27-3-2001]Duesbery,N.S., Resau,J., Webb,C.P., Koochekpour,S., Koo,H.M., Leppla,S.H. and Woude,G.F.V.
    Suppression of ras-mediated transformation and inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis by anthrax lethal factor, a proteolytic inhibitor of multiple MEK pathways
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (27-3-2001) 98, 4089-4094. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  173. Erwin,J.L., DaSilva,L.M., Bavari,S., Little,S.F., Friedlander,A.M. and Chanh,T.C.
    Macrophage-derived cell lines do not express proinflammatory cytokines after exposure to Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin
    Infect Immun (2001) 69, 1175-1177. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  174. [YEAR:15-6-2001]Gupta,P., Singh,S., Tiwari,A., Bhat,R. and Bhatnagar,R.
    Effect of pH on stability of anthrax lethal factor: correlation between denaturation and activity
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun (15-6-2001) 284, 568-573. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  175. [YEAR:12-1-2001]Gupta,P., Singh,A., Chauhan,V. and Bhatnagar,R.
    Involvement of residues 147VYYEIGK153 in binding of lethal factor to protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun (12-1-2001) 280, 158-163. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  176. [YEAR:8-11-2001]Pannifer,A.D., Wong,T.Y., Schwarzenbacher,R., Renatus,M., Petosa,C., Bienkowska,J., Lacy,D.B., Collier,R.J., Park,S., Leppla,S.H., Hanna,P. and Liddington,R.C.
    Crystal structure of the anthrax lethal factor
    Nature (8-11-2001) 414, 229-233. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  S
  177. Price,B.M., Liner,A.L., Park,S., Leppla,S.H., Mateczun,A. and Galloway,D.R.
    Protection against anthrax lethal toxin challenge by genetic immunization with a plasmid encoding the lethal factor protein
    Infect Immun (2001) 69, 4509-4515. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  178. [YEAR:2-10-2001]Watters,J.W., Dewar,K., Lehoczky,J., Boyartchuk,V. and Dietrich,W.F.
    Kif1C, a kinesin-like motor protein, mediates mouse macrophage resistance to anthrax lethal factor
    Curr Biol (2-10-2001) 11, 1503-1511. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  179. Zhang,Y., Kida,Y., Kuwano,K., Misumi,Y., Ikehara,Y. and Arai,S.
    Role of furin in delivery of a CTL epitope of an anthrax toxin-fusion protein
    Microbiol Immunol (2001) 45, 119-125. PubMed  Europe PubMed
    180. 2000
  180. Bernardi,L., Vitale,G., Montecucco,C. and Musacchio,A.
    Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of recombinant Bacillus anthracis lethal factor
    Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr (2000) 56, 1449-1451. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  S
  181. Brossier,F., Weber-Levy,M., Mock,M. and Sirard,J.C.
    Role of toxin functional domains in anthrax pathogenesis
    Infect Immun (2000) 68, 1781-1786. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
  182. Park,S. and Leppla,S.H.
    Optimized production and purification of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor
    Protein Expr Purif (2000) 18, 293-302. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  183. Pellizzari,R., Guidi-Rontani,C., Vitale,G., Mock,M. and Montecucco,C.
    Lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis cleaves the N-terminus of MAPKKs: analysis of the intracellular consequences in macrophages
    Int J Med Microbiol (2000) 290, 421-427. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  184. [YEAR:15-12-2000]Vitale,G., Bernardi,L., Napolitani,G., Mock,M. and Montecucco,C.
    Susceptibility of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase family members to proteolysis by anthrax lethal factor
    Biochem J (15-12-2000) 352, 739-745. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI  PMC  EPMC
    185. 1999
  185. Duesbery,N.S. and Vande Woude,G.F.
    Anthrax lethal factor causes proteolytic inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
    J Appl Microbiol (1999) 87, 289-293. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  186. Hanna,P.
    Lethal toxin actions and their consequences
    J Appl Microbiol (1999) 87, 285-287. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  187. Liddington,R., Pannifer,A., Hanna,P., Leppla,S. and Collier,R.J.
    Crystallographic studies of the anthrax lethal toxin
    J Appl.Microbiol. (1999) 87, 282-282. PubMed  Europe PubMed  S
  188. [YEAR:26-11-1999]Pellizzari,R., Guidi-Rontani,C., Vitale,G., Mock,M. and Montecucco,C.
    Anthrax lethal factor cleaves MKK3 in macrophages and inhibits the LPS/IFNgamma-induced release of NO and TNFalpha
    FEBS Lett (26-11-1999) 462, 199-204. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  189. Tang,G. and Leppla,S.H.
    Proteasome activity is required for anthrax lethal toxin to kill macrophages
    Infect Immun (1999) 67, 3055-3060. PubMed  Europe PubMed  PMC  EPMC  I
    190. 1998
  190. [YEAR:1-5-1998]Duesbery,N.S., Webb,C.P., Leppla,S.H., Gordon,V.M., Klimpel,K.R., Copeland,T.D., Ahn,N.G., Oskarsson,M.K., Fukasawa,K., Paull,K.D. and Vande Woude,G.F.
    Proteolytic inactivation of MAP-kinase-kinase by anthrax lethal factor
    Science (1-5-1998) 280, 734-737. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
  191. Gupta,P., Batra,S., Chopra,A.P., Singh,Y. and Bhatnagar,R.
    Expression and purification of the recombinant lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis
    Infect Immun (1998) 66, 862-865. PubMed  Europe PubMed  PMC  EPMC
  192. Hammond,S.E. and Hanna,P.C.
    Lethal factor active-site mutations affect catalytic activity in vitro
    Infect Immun (1998) 66, 2374-2378. PubMed  Europe PubMed  PMC  EPMC  I
  193. [YEAR:30-7-1998]Vitale,G., Pellizzari,R., Recchi,C., Napolitani,G., Mock,M. and Montecucco,C.
    Anthrax lethal factor cleaves the N-terminus of MAPKKs and induces tyrosine/threonine phosphorylation of MAPKs in cultured macrophages
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun (30-7-1998) 248, 706-711. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
    194. 1996
  194. Menard,A., Papini,E., Mock,M. and Montecucco,C.
    The cytotoxic activity of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor is inhibited by leukotriene A4 hydrolase and metallopeptidase inhibitors
    Biochem J (1996) 320, 687-691. PubMed  Europe PubMed  PMC  EPMC
  195. Menard,A., Altendorf,K., Breves,D., Mock,M. and Montecucco,C.
    The vacuolar ATPase proton pump is required for the cytotoxicity of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin
    FEBS Lett (1996) 386, 161-164. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
    196. 1994
  196. Klimpel,K.R., Arora,N. and Leppla,S.H.
    Anthrax toxin lethal factor contains a zinc metalloprotease consensus sequence which is required for lethal toxin activity
    Mol Microbiol (1994) 13, 1093-1100. PubMed  Europe PubMed
  197. Kochi,S.K., Schiavo,G., Mock,M. and Montecucco,C.
    Zinc content of the Bacillus anthracis lethal factor
    FEMS Microbiol Lett (1994) 124, 343-348. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI
    198. 1993
  198. [YEAR:15-2-1993]Arora,N. and Leppla,S.H.
    Residues 1-254 of anthrax toxin lethal factor are sufficient to cause cellular uptake of fused polypeptides
    J Biol Chem (15-2-1993) 268, 3334-3341. PubMed  Europe PubMed
  199. Pezard,C., Duflot,E. and Mock,M.
    Construction of Bacillus anthracis mutant strains producing a single toxin component
    J Gen Microbiol (1993) 139, 2459-2463. PubMed  Europe PubMed
    200. 1991
  200. Pezard,C., Berche,P. and Mock,M.
    Contribution of individual toxin components to virulence of Bacillus anthracis
    Infect Immun (1991) 59, 3472-3477. PubMed  Europe PubMed  PMC  EPMC
    201. 1988
  201. Leppla,S.H.
    Production and purification of anthrax toxin
    Methods Enzymol (1988) 165, 103-116. PubMed  Europe PubMed
    202. 1965
  202. Haines,B.W., Klein,F. and Lincoln,R.E.
    Quantitative assay for crude anthrax toxins
    J Bacteriol (1965) 89, 74-83. PubMed  Europe PubMed  PMC  EPMC
    203. 1962
  203. Beall,F.A., Taylor,M.J. and Thorne,C.B.
    Rapid lethal effect in rats of a third component found upon fractionating the toxin of Bacillus anthracis
    J Bacteriol (1962) 83, 1274-1280. PubMed  Europe PubMed  PMC  EPMC
    204. 1954
  204. Smith,H. and Keppie,J.
    Observations on experimental anthrax; demonstration of a specific lethal factor produced in vivo by Bacillus anthracis
    Nature (1954) 173, 869-870. PubMed  Europe PubMed DOI

feedback
Page created 8-September-2023

EMBL-EBI logo

© 2026 EBI
Terms of use