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PDBsum entry 1ryp
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protein metals Protein-protein interface(s) links
Multicatalytic proteinase PDB id
1ryp

 

 

 

 

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Contents
Protein chains
243 a.a. *
250 a.a. *
244 a.a. *
241 a.a. *
242 a.a. *
233 a.a. *
244 a.a. *
205 a.a. *
222 a.a. *
204 a.a. *
198 a.a. *
212 a.a. *
222 a.a. *
233 a.a. *
Metals
_MG ×20
Waters ×2908
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1ryp
Name: Multicatalytic proteinase
Title: Crystal structure of the 20s proteasome from yeast at 2.4 angstroms resolution
Structure: 20s proteasome. Chain: a, o. Mutation: yes. 20s proteasome. Chain: b, p. Mutation: yes. 20s proteasome. Chain: c, q. Mutation: yes.
Source: Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Baker's yeast. Organism_taxid: 4932. Organism_taxid: 4932
Biol. unit: 28mer (from PQS)
Resolution:
1.90Å     R-factor:   0.286     R-free:   0.330
Authors: M.Groll,L.Ditzel,J.Loewe,D.Stock,M.Bochtler,H.D.Bartunik,R.Huber
Key ref: M.Groll et al. (1997). Structure of 20S proteasome from yeast at 2.4 A resolution. Nature, 386, 463-471. PubMed id: 9087403
Date:
26-Feb-97     Release date:   15-Apr-98    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P21243  (PSA1_YEAST) -  Proteasome subunit alpha type-1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
Seq:
Struc: 		252 a.a.
243 a.a.
Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P23639  (PSA2_YEAST) -  Proteasome subunit alpha type-2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
Seq:
Struc: 		250 a.a.
250 a.a.
Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P23638  (PSA3_YEAST) -  Proteasome subunit alpha type-3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
Seq:
Struc: 		258 a.a.
244 a.a.
Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P40303  (PSA4_YEAST) -  Proteasome subunit alpha type-4 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
Seq:
Struc: 		254 a.a.
241 a.a.
Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P32379  (PSA5_YEAST) -  Proteasome subunit alpha type-5 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
Seq:
Struc: 		260 a.a.
242 a.a.
Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P40302  (PSA6_YEAST) -  Proteasome subunit alpha type-6 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
Seq:
Struc: 		234 a.a.
233 a.a.
Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P21242  (PSA7_YEAST) -  Probable proteasome subunit alpha type-7 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
Seq:
Struc: 		288 a.a.
244 a.a.
Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P38624  (PSB1_YEAST) -  Proteasome subunit beta type-1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
Seq:
Struc: 		215 a.a.
205 a.a.*
Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P25043  (PSB2_YEAST) -  Proteasome subunit beta type-2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
Seq:
Struc: 		261 a.a.
222 a.a.
Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P25451  (PSB3_YEAST) -  Proteasome subunit beta type-3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
Seq:
Struc: 		205 a.a.
204 a.a.
Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P22141  (PSB4_YEAST) -  Proteasome subunit beta type-4 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
Seq:
Struc: 		198 a.a.
198 a.a.
Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P30656  (PSB5_YEAST) -  Proteasome subunit beta type-5 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
Seq:
Struc: 		287 a.a.
212 a.a.*
Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P23724  (PSB6_YEAST) -  Proteasome subunit beta type-6 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
Seq:
Struc: 		241 a.a.
222 a.a.
Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P30657  (PSB7_YEAST) -  Proteasome subunit beta type-7 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
Seq:
Struc: 		266 a.a.
233 a.a.
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain
* PDB and UniProt seqs differ at 2 residue positions (black crosses)

 Enzyme reactions 
   Enzyme class 2: Chains A, B, C, D, E, F, G, J, K, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, X, Y, 1, 2: E.C.3.4.99.46  - Transferred entry: 3.4.25.1.
[IntEnz]   [ExPASy]   [KEGG]   [BRENDA]
   Enzyme class 3: Chains H, I, L, V, W, Z: E.C.3.4.25.1  - proteasome endopeptidase complex.
[IntEnz]   [ExPASy]   [KEGG]   [BRENDA]
      Reaction: Cleavage at peptide bonds with very broad specificity.
Note, where more than one E.C. class is given (as above), each may correspond to a different protein domain or, in the case of polyprotein precursors, to a different mature protein.

 

 
Nature 386:463-471 (1997)
PubMed id: 9087403  
 
 
Structure of 20S proteasome from yeast at 2.4 A resolution.
M.Groll, L.Ditzel, J.Löwe, D.Stock, M.Bochtler, H.D.Bartunik, R.Huber.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
The crystal structure of the 20S proteasome from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows that its 28 protein subunits are arranged as an (alpha1...alpha7, beta1...beta7)2 complex in four stacked rings and occupy unique locations. The interior of the particle, which harbours the active sites, is only accessible by some very narrow side entrances. The beta-type subunits are synthesized as proproteins before being proteolytically processed for assembly into the particle. The proforms of three of the seven different beta-type subunits, beta1/PRE3, beta2/PUP1 and beta5/PRE2, are cleaved between the threonine at position 1 and the last glycine of the pro-sequence, with release of the active-site residue Thr 1. These three beta-type subunits have inhibitor-binding sites, indicating that PRE2 has a chymotrypsin-like and a trypsin-like activity and that PRE3 has peptidylglutamyl peptide hydrolytic specificity. Other beta-type subunits are processed to an intermediate form, indicating that an additional nonspecific endopeptidase activity may exist which is important for peptide hydrolysis and for the generation of ligands for class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex.
 

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
22183254 J.Maupin-Furlow (2012).
Proteasomes and protein conjugation across domains of life.
  Nat Rev Microbiol, 10, 100-111.  
  21469133 A.M.Ripen, T.Nitta, S.Murata, K.Tanaka, and Y.Takahama (2011).
Ontogeny of thymic cortical epithelial cells expressing the thymoproteasome subunit β5t.
  Eur J Immunol, 41, 1278-1287.  
21499243 A.R.Kusmierczyk, M.J.Kunjappu, R.Y.Kim, and M.Hochstrasser (2011).
A conserved 20S proteasome assembly factor requires a C-terminal HbYX motif for proteasomal precursor binding.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 18, 622-629.  
21335235 D.M.Smith, H.Fraga, C.Reis, G.Kafri, and A.L.Goldberg (2011).
ATP binds to proteasomal ATPases in pairs with distinct functional effects, implying an ordered reaction cycle.
  Cell, 144, 526-538.  
21387144 E.J.Sijts, and P.M.Kloetzel (2011).
The role of the proteasome in the generation of MHC class I ligands and immune responses.
  Cell Mol Life Sci, 68, 1491-1502.  
22037170 G.Tian, S.Park, M.J.Lee, B.Huck, F.McAllister, C.P.Hill, S.P.Gygi, and D.Finley (2011).
An asymmetric interface between the regulatory and core particles of the proteasome.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 18, 1259-1267.  
20830349 J.Clerc, N.Li, D.Krahn, M.Groll, A.S.Bachmann, B.I.Florea, H.S.Overkleeft, and M.Kaiser (2011).
The natural product hybrid of Syringolin A and Glidobactin A synergizes proteasome inhibition potency with subsite selectivity.
  Chem Commun (Camb), 47, 385-387.  
21091378 K.M.Andersen, C.Jensen, F.Kriegenburg, A.M.Lauridsen, C.Gordon, and R.Hartmann-Petersen (2011).
Txl1 and Txc1 are co-factors of the 26S proteasome in fission yeast.
  Antioxid Redox Signal, 14, 1601-1608.  
21484190 L.J.Crawford, B.Walker, and A.E.Irvine (2011).
Proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapy.
  J Cell Commun Signal, 5, 101-110.  
21458417 M.Mishto, C.Ligorio, E.Bellavista, M.Martucci, A.Santoro, M.Giulioni, G.Marucci, and C.Franceschi (2011).
Immunoproteasome expression is induced in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.
  Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 408, 65-70.  
  21465555 M.Sikora, and M.Cieplak (2011).
Mechanical stability of multidomain proteins and novel mechanical clamps.
  Proteins, 79, 1786-1799.  
21387143 N.Vigneron, and B.J.Van den Eynde (2011).
Insights into the processing of MHC class I ligands gained from the study of human tumor epitopes.
  Cell Mol Life Sci, 68, 1503-1520.  
20814885 A.Baldisserotto, C.Franceschini, F.Scalambra, C.Trapella, M.Marastoni, F.Sforza, R.Gavioli, and R.Tomatis (2010).
Synthesis and proteasome inhibition of N-allyl vinyl ester-based peptides.
  J Pept Sci, 16, 659-663.  
21143798 A.Grover, A.Shandilya, V.S.Bisaria, and D.Sundar (2010).
Probing the anticancer mechanism of prospective herbal drug Withaferin A on mammals: a case study on human and bovine proteasomes.
  BMC Genomics, 11, S15.  
19997756 A.Voigt, S.Jäkel, K.Textoris-Taube, C.Keller, I.Drung, G.Szalay, K.Klingel, P.Henklein, K.Stangl, P.M.Kloetzel, and U.Kuckelkorn (2010).
Generation of in silico predicted coxsackievirus B3-derived MHC class I epitopes by proteasomes.
  Amino Acids, 39, 243-255.  
20479958 B.C.Potts, and K.S.Lam (2010).
Generating a generation of proteasome inhibitors: from microbial fermentation to total synthesis of salinosporamide a (marizomib) and other salinosporamides.
  Mar Drugs, 8, 835-880.  
20305655 B.G.Lee, E.Y.Park, K.E.Lee, H.Jeon, K.H.Sung, H.Paulsen, H.Rübsamen-Schaeff, H.Brötz-Oesterhelt, and H.K.Song (2010).
Structures of ClpP in complex with acyldepsipeptide antibiotics reveal its activation mechanism.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 17, 471-478.
PDB codes: 3ktg 3kth 3kti 3ktj 3ktk
20937868 B.Guillaume, J.Chapiro, V.Stroobant, D.Colau, B.Van Holle, G.Parvizi, M.P.Bousquet-Dubouch, I.Théate, N.Parmentier, and B.J.Van den Eynde (2010).
Two abundant proteasome subtypes that uniquely process some antigens presented by HLA class I molecules.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107, 18599-18604.  
20086099 B.Wang, K.Liu, H.Y.Lin, N.Bellam, S.Ling, and W.C.Lin (2010).
14-3-3Tau regulates ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of p21, a novel mechanism of p21 downregulation in breast cancer.
  Mol Cell Biol, 30, 1508-1527.  
20632995 C.Blackburn, K.M.Gigstad, P.Hales, K.Garcia, M.Jones, F.J.Bruzzese, C.Barrett, J.X.Liu, T.A.Soucy, D.S.Sappal, N.Bump, E.J.Olhava, P.Fleming, L.R.Dick, C.Tsu, M.D.Sintchak, and J.L.Blank (2010).
Characterization of a new series of non-covalent proteasome inhibitors with exquisite potency and selectivity for the 20S beta5-subunit.
  Biochem J, 430, 461-476.
PDB codes: 3mg0 3mg4 3mg6 3mg7 3mg8
20042019 C.Gu, I.Kolodziejek, J.Misas-Villamil, T.Shindo, T.Colby, M.Verdoes, K.H.Richau, J.Schmidt, H.S.Overkleeft, and R.A.van der Hoorn (2010).
Proteasome activity profiling: a simple, robust and versatile method revealing subunit-selective inhibitors and cytoplasmic, defense-induced proteasome activities.
  Plant J, 62, 160-170.  
20091677 E.Jankowska, M.Gaczynska, P.Osmulski, E.Sikorska, R.Rostankowski, S.Madabhushi, M.Tokmina-Lukaszewska, and F.Kasprzykowski (2010).
Potential allosteric modulators of the proteasome activity.
  Biopolymers, 93, 481-495.  
21098669 F.Miura, K.Tsukamoto, R.B.Mehta, K.Naruse, W.Magtoon, and M.Nonaka (2010).
Transspecies dimorphic allelic lineages of the proteasome subunit beta-type 8 gene (PSMB8) in the teleost genus Oryzias.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107, 21599-21604.  
20625982 G.A.Collins, T.A.Gomez, R.J.Deshaies, and W.P.Tansey (2010).
Combined chemical and genetic approach to inhibit proteolysis by the proteasome.
  Yeast, 27, 965-974.  
21125340 J.J.Driscoll, and R.Dechowdhury (2010).
Therapeutically targeting the SUMOylation, Ubiquitination and Proteasome pathways as a novel anticancer strategy.
  Target Oncol, 5, 281-289.  
20613855 J.Liepe, M.Mishto, K.Textoris-Taube, K.Janek, C.Keller, P.Henklein, P.M.Kloetzel, and A.Zaikin (2010).
The 20S proteasome splicing activity discovered by SpliceMet.
  PLoS Comput Biol, 6, e1000830.  
20227375 K.Sadre-Bazzaz, F.G.Whitby, H.Robinson, T.Formosa, and C.P.Hill (2010).
Structure of a Blm10 complex reveals common mechanisms for proteasome binding and gate opening.
  Mol Cell, 37, 728-735.
PDB codes: 1vsy 3l5q
20427185 L.Bedford, S.Paine, P.W.Sheppard, R.J.Mayer, and J.Roelofs (2010).
Assembly, structure, and function of the 26S proteasome.
  Trends Cell Biol, 20, 391-401.  
20080736 M.Bokhove, P.N.Jimenez, W.J.Quax, and B.W.Dijkstra (2010).
The quorum-quenching N-acyl homoserine lactone acylase PvdQ is an Ntn-hydrolase with an unusual substrate-binding pocket.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107, 686-691.
PDB codes: 2wyb 2wyc 2wyd 2wye
20010787 M.Groettrup, C.J.Kirk, and M.Basler (2010).
Proteasomes in immune cells: more than peptide producers?
  Nat Rev Immunol, 10, 73-78.  
20715286 M.Groll, N.Gallastegui, X.Maréchal, V.Le Ravalec, N.Basse, N.Richy, E.Genin, R.Huber, L.Moroder, J.Vidal, and M.Reboud-Ravaux (2010).
20S proteasome inhibition: designing noncovalent linear peptide mimics of the natural product TMC-95A.
  ChemMedChem, 5, 1701-1705.
PDB codes: 3nzj 3nzw 3nzx
  20196119 M.L.Tomasi, K.Ramani, F.Lopitz-Otsoa, M.S.Rodríguez, T.W.Li, K.Ko, H.Yang, F.Bardag-Gorce, A.Iglesias-Ara, F.Feo, M.R.Pascale, J.M.Mato, and S.C.Lu (2010).
S-adenosylmethionine regulates dual-specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase expression in mouse and human hepatocytes.
  Hepatology, 51, 2152-2161.  
20484516 M.Raaben, G.C.Grinwis, P.J.Rottier, and C.A.de Haan (2010).
The proteasome inhibitor Velcade enhances rather than reduces disease in mouse hepatitis coronavirus-infected mice.
  J Virol, 84, 7880-7885.  
20686685 M.Siwiak, and P.Zielenkiewicz (2010).
A comprehensive, quantitative, and genome-wide model of translation.
  PLoS Comput Biol, 6, e1000865.  
20405914 M.Wang, Y.R.Zheng, K.Ghosh, and P.J.Stang (2010).
Metallosupramolecular tetragonal prisms via multicomponent coordination-driven template-free self-assembly.
  J Am Chem Soc, 132, 6282-6283.  
20541423 N.Gallastegui, and M.Groll (2010).
The 26S proteasome: assembly and function of a destructive machine.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 35, 634-642.  
20615447 P.Goettig, V.Magdolen, and H.Brandstetter (2010).
Natural and synthetic inhibitors of kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs).
  Biochimie, 92, 1546-1567.  
20981375 P.P.Geurink, B.I.Florea, G.A.Van der Marel, B.M.Kessler, and H.S.Overkleeft (2010).
Probing the proteasome cavity in three steps: bio-orthogonal photo-reactive suicide substrates.
  Chem Commun (Camb), 46, 9052-9054.  
20131003 Q.Huang, and M.E.Figueiredo-Pereira (2010).
Ubiquitin/proteasome pathway impairment in neurodegeneration: therapeutic implications.
  Apoptosis, 15, 1292-1311.  
20008553 S.Aviram, and D.Kornitzer (2010).
The ubiquitin ligase Hul5 promotes proteasomal processivity.
  Mol Cell Biol, 30, 985-994.  
21098295 S.Bohn, F.Beck, E.Sakata, T.Walzthoeni, M.Beck, R.Aebersold, F.Förster, W.Baumeister, and S.Nickell (2010).
Structure of the 26S proteasome from Schizosaccharomyces pombe at subnanometer resolution.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107, 20992-20997.  
20385086 S.K.Radhakrishnan, C.S.Lee, P.Young, A.Beskow, J.Y.Chan, and R.J.Deshaies (2010).
Transcription factor Nrf1 mediates the proteasome recovery pathway after proteasome inhibition in mammalian cells.
  Mol Cell, 38, 17-28.  
  20573219 S.Rothman (2010).
How is the balance between protein synthesis and degradation achieved?
  Theor Biol Med Model, 7, 25.  
20834233 S.S.Cha, Y.J.An, C.R.Lee, H.S.Lee, Y.G.Kim, S.J.Kim, K.K.Kwon, G.M.De Donatis, J.H.Lee, M.R.Maurizi, and S.G.Kang (2010).
Crystal structure of Lon protease: molecular architecture of gated entry to a sequestered degradation chamber.
  EMBO J, 29, 3520-3530.
PDB code: 3k1j
  20927786 T.A.Gulder, and B.S.Moore (2010).
Salinosporamide natural products: potent 20 s proteasome inhibitors as promising cancer chemotherapeutics.
  Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 49, 9346-9367.  
20564558 T.Kinouchi, and N.Fujii (2010).
Structural consideration of mammalian D-aspartyl endopeptidase.
  Chem Biodivers, 7, 1403-1407.  
20449494 W.A.van der Linden, P.P.Geurink, C.Oskam, G.A.van der Marel, B.I.Florea, and H.S.Overkleeft (2010).
Proteasome selectivity towards Michael acceptor containing oligopeptide-based inhibitors.
  Org Biomol Chem, 8, 1885-1893.  
20930034 Y.Xie (2010).
Structure, assembly and homeostatic regulation of the 26S proteasome.
  J Mol Cell Biol, 2, 308-317.  
20019667 Y.Yu, D.M.Smith, H.M.Kim, V.Rodriguez, A.L.Goldberg, and Y.Cheng (2010).
Interactions of PAN's C-termini with archaeal 20S proteasome and implications for the eukaryotic proteasome-ATPase interactions.
  EMBO J, 29, 692-702.
PDB code: 3ipm
19846313 A.K.Mittermaier, and L.E.Kay (2009).
Observing biological dynamics at atomic resolution using NMR.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 34, 601-611.  
  19471122 A.Kazi, H.Lawrence, W.C.Guida, M.L.McLaughlin, G.M.Springett, N.Berndt, R.M.Yip, and S.M.Sebti (2009).
Discovery of a novel proteasome inhibitor selective for cancer cells over non-transformed cells.
  Cell Cycle, 8, 1940-1951.  
19812037 A.Navon, and A.Ciechanover (2009).
The 26 S proteasome: from basic mechanisms to drug targeting.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 33713-33718.  
19067411 A.Visekruna, T.Joeris, N.Schmidt, M.Lawrenz, J.P.Ritz, H.J.Buhr, and U.Steinhoff (2009).
Comparative expression analysis and characterization of 20S proteasomes in human intestinal tissues: The proteasome pattern as diagnostic tool for IBD patients.
  Inflamm Bowel Dis, 15, 526-533.  
19489727 D.Finley (2009).
Recognition and processing of ubiquitin-protein conjugates by the proteasome.
  Annu Rev Biochem, 78, 477-513.  
19223165 D.Russel, K.Lasker, J.Phillips, D.Schneidman-Duhovny, J.A.Velázquez-Muriel, and A.Sali (2009).
The structural dynamics of macromolecular processes.
  Curr Opin Cell Biol, 21, 97.  
19589775 D.Thompson, K.Hakala, and G.N.DeMartino (2009).
Subcomplexes of PA700, the 19 S regulator of the 26 S proteasome, reveal relative roles of AAA subunits in 26 S proteasome assembly and activation and ATPase activity.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 24891-24903.  
19841631 E.K.Schrader, K.G.Harstad, and A.Matouschek (2009).
Targeting proteins for degradation.
  Nat Chem Biol, 5, 815-822.  
19243136 F.E.Reyes-Turcu, and K.D.Wilkinson (2009).
Polyubiquitin binding and disassembly by deubiquitinating enzymes.
  Chem Rev, 109, 1495-1508.  
19653995 F.Förster, K.Lasker, F.Beck, S.Nickell, A.Sali, and W.Baumeister (2009).
An atomic model AAA-ATPase/20S core particle sub-complex of the 26S proteasome.
  Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 388, 228-233.  
19237538 F.I.Andersson, A.Tryggvesson, M.Sharon, A.V.Diemand, M.Classen, C.Best, R.Schmidt, J.Schelin, T.M.Stanne, B.Bukau, C.V.Robinson, S.Witt, A.Mogk, and A.K.Clarke (2009).
Structure and Function of a Novel Type of ATP-dependent Clp Protease.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 13519-13532.  
19361443 G.Effantin, R.Rosenzweig, M.H.Glickman, and A.C.Steven (2009).
Electron microscopic evidence in support of alpha-solenoid models of proteasomal subunits Rpn1 and Rpn2.
  J Mol Biol, 386, 1204-1211.  
  19337512 G.Shi, D.Chen, G.Zhai, M.S.Chen, Q.C.Cui, Q.Zhou, B.He, Q.P.Dou, and G.Jiang (2009).
The proteasome is a molecular target of environmental toxic organotins.
  Environ Health Perspect, 117, 379-386.  
20041034 I.Lavelin, A.Beer, Z.Kam, V.Rotter, M.Oren, A.Navon, and B.Geiger (2009).
Discovery of novel proteasome inhibitors using a high-content cell-based screening system.
  PLoS One, 4, e8503.  
19746508 J.Clerc, B.I.Florea, M.Kraus, M.Groll, R.Huber, A.S.Bachmann, R.Dudler, C.Driessen, H.S.Overkleeft, and M.Kaiser (2009).
Syringolin A selectively labels the 20 S proteasome in murine EL4 and wild-type and bortezomib-adapted leukaemic cell lines.
  Chembiochem, 10, 2638-2643.  
19359491 J.Clerc, M.Groll, D.J.Illich, A.S.Bachmann, R.Huber, B.Schellenberg, R.Dudler, and M.Kaiser (2009).
Synthetic and structural studies on syringolin A and B reveal critical determinants of selectivity and potency of proteasome inhibition.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 6507-6512.
PDB code: 3gpj
19277057 J.M.Belote, and L.Zhong (2009).
Duplicated proteasome subunit genes in Drosophila and their roles in spermatogenesis.
  Heredity, 103, 23-31.  
19412159 J.Roelofs, S.Park, W.Haas, G.Tian, F.E.McAllister, Y.Huo, B.H.Lee, F.Zhang, Y.Shi, S.P.Gygi, and D.Finley (2009).
Chaperone-mediated pathway of proteasome regulatory particle assembly.
  Nature, 459, 861-865.  
19801685 J.W.Lee, E.Park, M.S.Jeong, Y.J.Jeon, S.H.Eom, J.H.Seol, and C.H.Chung (2009).
HslVU ATP-dependent protease utilizes maximally six among twelve threonine active sites during proteolysis.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 33475-33484.  
19048434 K.Dasuri, A.Nguyen, L.Zhang, O.S.Fernandez-Kim, A.J.Bruce-Keller, B.A.Blalock, R.D.Cabo, and J.N.Keller (2009).
Comparison of rat liver and brain proteasomes for oxidative stress-induced inactivation: Influence of ageing and dietary restriction.
  Free Radic Res, 43, 28-36.  
19706171 K.Lakomek, A.Dickmanns, M.Kettwig, H.Urlaub, R.Ficner, and T.Lübke (2009).
Initial insight into the function of the lysosomal 66.3 kDa protein from mouse by means of X-ray crystallography.
  BMC Struct Biol, 9, 56.
PDB codes: 3fgr 3fgt 3fgw
19145068 K.Tanaka (2009).
The proteasome: overview of structure and functions.
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19126869 K.Tsukamoto, M.Sakaizumi, M.Hata, Y.Sawara, J.Eah, C.B.Kim, and M.Nonaka (2009).
Dichotomous haplotypic lineages of the immunoproteasome subunit genes, PSMB8 and PSMB10, in the MHC class I region of a Teleost Medaka, Oryzias latipes.
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19376868 M.A.Humbard, G.Zhou, and J.A.Maupin-Furlow (2009).
The N-terminal penultimate residue of 20S proteasome alpha1 influences its N(alpha) acetylation and protein levels as well as growth rate and stress responses of Haloferax volcanii.
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20064438 M.Britton, M.M.Lucas, S.L.Downey, M.Screen, A.A.Pletnev, M.Verdoes, R.A.Tokhunts, O.Amir, A.L.Goddard, P.M.Pelphrey, D.L.Wright, H.S.Overkleeft, and A.F.Kisselev (2009).
Selective inhibitor of proteasome's caspase-like sites sensitizes cells to specific inhibition of chymotrypsin-like sites.
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19006106 M.Cuccioloni, F.Montecchia, M.Amici, M.Mozzicafreddo, A.M.Eleuteri, and M.Angeletti (2009).
Co-chaperonin GroES as a modulator of proteasomal activity.
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19109822 M.Groll, R.Huber, and L.Moroder (2009).
The persisting challenge of selective and specific proteasome inhibition.
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19342661 M.Ostankovitch, M.Altrich-Vanlith, V.Robila, and V.H.Engelhard (2009).
N-glycosylation enhances presentation of a MHC class I-restricted epitope from tyrosinase.
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19193609 M.P.Bousquet-Dubouch, E.Baudelet, F.Guérin, M.Matondo, S.Uttenweiler-Joseph, O.Burlet-Schiltz, and B.Monsarrat (2009).
Affinity purification strategy to capture human endogenous proteasome complexes diversity and to identify proteasome-interacting proteins.
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19012754 M.P.Gavilán, A.Castaño, M.Torres, M.Portavella, C.Caballero, S.Jiménez, A.García-Martínez, J.Parrado, J.Vitorica, and D.Ruano (2009).
Age-related increase in the immunoproteasome content in rat hippocampus: molecular and functional aspects.
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19403671 N.J.Steers, K.K.Peachman, S.R.McClain, C.R.Alving, and M.Rao (2009).
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag p24 alters the composition of immunoproteasomes and affects antigen presentation.
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19363223 N.Medalia, A.Beer, P.Zwickl, O.Mihalache, M.Beck, O.Medalia, and A.Navon (2009).
Architecture and molecular mechanism of PAN, the archaeal proteasome regulatory ATPase.
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19293828 N.Yosef, L.Ungar, E.Zalckvar, A.Kimchi, M.Kupiec, E.Ruppin, and R.Sharan (2009).
Toward accurate reconstruction of functional protein networks.
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A tetrahedral transition state at the active sites of the 20S proteasome is coupled to opening of the alpha-ring channel.
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19383601 P.Koodathingal, N.E.Jaffe, D.A.Kraut, S.Prakash, S.Fishbain, C.Herman, and A.Matouschek (2009).
ATP-dependent Proteases Differ Substantially in Their Ability to Unfold Globular Proteins.
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19411624 P.Masson, D.Lundin, F.Söderbom, and P.Young (2009).
Characterization of a REG/PA28 proteasome activator homolog in Dictyostelium discoideum indicates that the ubiquitin- and ATP-independent REGgamma proteasome is an ancient nuclear protease.
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19562799 S.Bieler, S.Meiners, V.Stangl, T.Pohl, and K.Stangl (2009).
Comprehensive proteomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals early induction of a protective anti-oxidative stress response by low-dose proteasome inhibition.
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18815123 S.Dhungana, B.A.Merrick, K.B.Tomer, and M.B.Fessler (2009).
Quantitative proteomics analysis of macrophage rafts reveals compartmentalized activation of the proteasome and of proteasome-mediated ERK activation in response to lipopolysaccharide.
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Differential interferon responses enhance viral epitope generation by myocardial immunoproteasomes in murine enterovirus myocarditis.
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19246002 S.M.Sriram, R.Banerjee, R.S.Kane, and Y.T.Kwon (2009).
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Molecular mechanisms of proteasome assembly.
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19581588 S.Nickell, F.Beck, S.H.Scheres, A.Korinek, F.Förster, K.Lasker, O.Mihalache, N.Sun, I.Nagy, A.Sali, J.M.Plitzko, J.M.Carazo, M.Mann, and W.Baumeister (2009).
Insights into the molecular architecture of the 26S proteasome.
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19029946 S.Sollner, M.Schober, A.Wagner, A.Prem, L.Lorkova, B.A.Palfey, M.Groll, and P.Macheroux (2009).
Quinone reductase acts as a redox switch of the 20S yeast proteasome.
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19624732 S.Sollner, and P.Macheroux (2009).
New roles of flavoproteins in molecular cell biology: an unexpected role for quinone reductases as regulators of proteasomal degradation.
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19440739 S.Zhang, Y.Shi, H.Jin, Z.Liu, L.Zhang, and L.Zhang (2009).
Covalent complexes of proteasome model with peptide aldehyde inhibitors MG132 and MG101: docking and molecular dynamics study.
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19836337 T.Wang, H.Li, G.Lin, C.Tang, D.Li, C.Nathan, K.H.Darwin, and H.Li (2009).
Structural insights on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasomal ATPase Mpa.
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PDB code: 3fp9
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The tumor proteasome as a novel target for gold(III) complexes: implications for breast cancer therapy.
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19065646 V.Tosello, R.Zamarchi, A.Merlo, M.Gorza, E.Piovan, S.Mandruzzato, V.Bronte, X.Wang, S.Ferrone, A.Amadori, and P.Zanovello (2009).
Differential expression of constitutive and inducible proteasome subunits in human monocyte-derived DC differentiated in the presence of IFN-alpha or IL-4.
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19022674 W.Fenical, P.R.Jensen, M.A.Palladino, K.S.Lam, G.K.Lloyd, and B.C.Potts (2009).
Discovery and development of the anticancer agent salinosporamide A (NPI-0052).
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19435460 X.Li, and G.N.Demartino (2009).
Variably modulated gating of the 26S proteasome by ATP and polyubiquitin.
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19523065 X.Nirmala, G.J.Zimowska, and A.M.Handler (2009).
Characterization of the proteasomebeta2 subunit gene and its mutant allele in the tephritid fruit fly pest, Anastrepha suspensa.
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Non-proteolytic regulation of p53-mediated transcription through destabilization of the activator.promoter complex by the proteasomal ATPases.
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19286367 Y.Cheng (2009).
Toward an atomic model of the 26S proteasome.
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Sperm-surface ATP in boar spermatozoa is required for fertilization: relevance to sperm proteasomal function.
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19178136 Y.Kim, K.Kang, I.Kim, Y.J.Lee, C.Oh, J.Ryoo, E.Jeong, and K.Ahn (2009).
Molecular mechanisms of MHC class I-antigen processing: redox considerations.
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19500299 Y.Sonoda, K.Sako, Y.Maki, N.Yamazaki, H.Yamamoto, A.Ikeda, and J.Yamaguchi (2009).
Regulation of leaf organ size by the Arabidopsis RPT2a 19S proteasome subunit.
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18823992 A.Anbanandam, D.C.Albarado, D.C.Tirziu, M.Simons, and S.Veeraraghavan (2008).
Molecular basis for proline- and arginine-rich peptide inhibition of proteasome.
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18414481 A.K.Ramani, Z.Li, G.T.Hart, M.W.Carlson, D.R.Boutz, and E.M.Marcotte (2008).
A map of human protein interactions derived from co-expression of human mRNAs and their orthologs.
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18713001 A.R.Kusmierczyk, and M.Hochstrasser (2008).
Some assembly required: dedicated chaperones in eukaryotic proteasome biogenesis.
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18644121 A.U.Chouduri, T.Tokumoto, H.Dohra, T.Ushimaru, and S.Yamada (2008).
Functional and biochemical characterization of the 20S proteasome in a yeast temperature-sensitive mutant, rpt6-1.
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18424434 B.Strehl, K.Textoris-Taube, S.Jäkel, A.Voigt, P.Henklein, U.Steinhoff, P.M.Kloetzel, and U.Kuckelkorn (2008).
Antitopes define preferential proteasomal cleavage site usage.
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18186020 C.Chen, C.Huang, S.Chen, J.Liang, W.Lin, G.Ke, H.Zhang, B.Wang, J.Huang, Z.Han, L.Ma, K.Huo, X.Yang, P.Yang, F.He, and T.Tao (2008).
Subunit-subunit interactions in the human 26S proteasome.
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17985946 E.Bellavista, M.Mishto, A.Santoro, C.Bertoni-Freddari, R.B.Sessions, and C.Franceschi (2008).
Immunoproteasome in Macaca fascicularis: no age-dependent modification of abundance and activity in the brain and insight into an in silico structural model.
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17951257 E.Kario, B.Tirosh, H.L.Ploegh, and A.Navon (2008).
N-linked glycosylation does not impair proteasomal degradation but affects class I major histocompatibility complex presentation.
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18162577 E.Koulich, X.Li, and G.N.Demartino (2008).
Relative Structural and Functional Roles of Multiple Deubiquitylating Proteins Associated with Mammalian 26S Proteasome.
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18957208 F.Kriegenburg, M.Seeger, Y.Saeki, K.Tanaka, A.M.Lauridsen, R.Hartmann-Petersen, and K.B.Hendil (2008).
Mammalian 26S proteasomes remain intact during protein degradation.
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18451571 H.Miyaoka, M.Yamanishi, A.Hoshino, H.Mitome, and E.Kawashima (2008).
Practical synthesis of a key intermediate for lactacystin from (R)-4-hydroxymethyl-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-4-ylmethyl acetate.
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18278057 H.Yashiroda, T.Mizushima, K.Okamoto, T.Kameyama, H.Hayashi, T.Kishimoto, S.Niwa, M.Kasahara, E.Kurimoto, E.Sakata, K.Takagi, A.Suzuki, Y.Hirano, S.Murata, K.Kato, T.Yamane, and K.Tanaka (2008).
Crystal structure of a chaperone complex that contributes to the assembly of yeast 20S proteasomes.
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PDB codes: 2z5b 2z5c 2z5e
18505737 J.Chugh, S.Sharma, and R.V.Hosur (2008).
NMR insights into a megadalton-size protein self-assembly.
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18482702 J.Hines, M.Groll, M.Fahnestock, and C.M.Crews (2008).
Proteasome inhibition by fellutamide B induces nerve growth factor synthesis.
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PDB code: 3d29
18500392 J.J.Chen, F.Lin, and Z.H.Qin (2008).
The roles of the proteasome pathway in signal transduction and neurodegenerative diseases.
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19032795 J.R.Krycer, C.N.Pang, and M.R.Wilkins (2008).
High throughput protein-protein interaction data: clues for the architecture of protein complexes.
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18471981 J.Rabl, D.M.Smith, Y.Yu, S.C.Chang, A.L.Goldberg, and Y.Cheng (2008).
Mechanism of gate opening in the 20S proteasome by the proteasomal ATPases.
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PDB codes: 3c91 3c92
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Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the Thermoplasma acidophilum 20S proteasome in complex with protein substrates.
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18323626 K.Michalska, D.Borek, A.Hernández-Santoyo, and M.Jaskolski (2008).
Crystal packing of plant-type L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 64, 309-320.
PDB codes: 1jn9 1k2x 2zak
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Relationship between the methylation status of dietary flavonoids and their growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activities in human cancer cells.
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18816064 L.D.Jennings, J.Bohon, M.R.Chance, and S.Licht (2008).
The ClpP N-terminus coordinates substrate access with protease active site reactivity.
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18519783 L.Wang, S.Kumar, B.L.Fridley, K.R.Kalari, I.Moon, L.L.Pelleymounter, M.A.Hildebrandt, A.Batzler, B.W.Eckloff, E.D.Wieben, and P.R.Greipp (2008).
Proteasome beta subunit pharmacogenomics: gene resequencing and functional genomics.
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18260085 M.A.Hoyt, S.McDonough, S.A.Pimpl, H.Scheel, K.Hofmann, and P.Coffino (2008).
A genetic screen for Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants affecting proteasome function, using a ubiquitin-independent substrate.
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AFM of biological complexes: what can we learn?
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18401409 M.Groll, B.Schellenberg, A.S.Bachmann, C.R.Archer, R.Huber, T.K.Powell, S.Lindow, M.Kaiser, and R.Dudler (2008).
A plant pathogen virulence factor inhibits the eukaryotic proteasome by a novel mechanism.
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PDB codes: 2zcy 3bdm
18928262 M.Groll, E.P.Balskus, and E.N.Jacobsen (2008).
Structural analysis of spiro beta-lactone proteasome inhibitors.
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PDB codes: 3dy3 3dy4
18832610 M.J.Pearce, J.Mintseris, J.Ferreyra, S.P.Gygi, and K.H.Darwin (2008).
Ubiquitin-like protein involved in the proteasome pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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21083004 M.V.Mateos (2008).
Role of bortezomib for the treatment of previously untreated multiple myeloma.
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18163525 M.Verras, P.Gourzi, K.Kalosaka, A.Zacharopoulou, and A.C.Mintzas (2008).
cDNA cloning, characterization, and developmental expression of the 20S proteasome alpha5 subunit in the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata.
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18621814 N.G.Sgourakis, R.Day, S.A.McCallum, and A.E.Garcia (2008).
Pressure effects on the ensemble dynamics of ubiquitin inspected with molecular dynamics simulations and isotropic reorientational eigenmode dynamics.
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18824507 O.D.Ekici, M.Paetzel, and R.E.Dalbey (2008).
Unconventional serine proteases: variations on the catalytic Ser/His/Asp triad configuration.
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18786393 P.C.Ramos, and R.J.Dohmen (2008).
PACemakers of proteasome core particle assembly.
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18534977 P.C.da Fonseca, and E.P.Morris (2008).
Structure of the Human 26S Proteasome: SUBUNIT RADIAL DISPLACEMENTS OPEN THE GATE INTO THE PROTEOLYTIC CORE.
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18389302 R.E.Valas, and P.E.Bourne (2008).
Rethinking proteasome evolution: two novel bacterial proteasomes.
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Forging a proteasome alpha-ring with dedicated proteasome chaperones.
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18511945 R.Rosenzweig, P.A.Osmulski, M.Gaczynska, and M.H.Glickman (2008).
The central unit within the 19S regulatory particle of the proteasome.
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17979190 S.H.Rho, H.H.Park, G.B.Kang, Y.J.Im, M.S.Kang, B.K.Lim, I.S.Seong, J.Seol, C.H.Chung, J.Wang, and S.H.Eom (2008).
Crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis CodW, a noncanonical HslV-like peptidase with an impaired catalytic apparatus.
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PDB codes: 2z3a 2z3b
17880010 S.Meiners, A.Ludwig, V.Stangl, and K.Stangl (2008).
Proteasome inhibitors: poisons and remedies.
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18403190 S.Murata, Y.Takahama, and K.Tanaka (2008).
Thymoproteasome: probable role in generating positively selecting peptides.
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18796432 T.G.Gillette, B.Kumar, D.Thompson, C.A.Slaughter, and G.N.Demartino (2008).
Differential Roles of the COOH Termini of AAA Subunits of PA700 (19 S Regulator) in Asymmetric Assembly and Activation of the 26 S Proteasome.
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18256291 V.Baldin, M.Militello, Y.Thomas, C.Doucet, W.Fic, S.Boireau, I.Jariel-Encontre, M.Piechaczyk, E.Bertrand, J.Tazi, and O.Coux (2008).
A Novel Role for PA28{gamma}-Proteasome in Nuclear Speckle Organization and SR Protein Trafficking.
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18650933 Y.Hirano, T.Kaneko, K.Okamoto, M.Bai, H.Yashiroda, K.Furuyama, K.Kato, K.Tanaka, and S.Murata (2008).
Dissecting beta-ring assembly pathway of the mammalian 20S proteasome.
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Structural basis for activation and inhibition of the secreted chlamydia protease CPAF.
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PDB codes: 3dja 3dor 3dpm 3dpn
17911112 A.Hervás-Aguilar, J.M.Rodríguez, J.Tilburn, H.N.Arst, and M.A.Peñalva (2007).
Evidence for the direct involvement of the proteasome in the proteolytic processing of the Aspergillus nidulans zinc finger transcription factor PacC.
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17911101 A.J.Marques, C.Glanemann, P.C.Ramos, and R.J.Dohmen (2007).
The C-terminal extension of the beta7 subunit and activator complexes stabilize nascent 20 S proteasomes and promote their maturation.
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17612489 A.Martin, T.A.Baker, and R.T.Sauer (2007).
Distinct static and dynamic interactions control ATPase-peptidase communication in a AAA+ protease.
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17429695 A.Szabó, M.Pál, P.Deák, P.Kiss, Z.Ujfaludi, T.Pankotai, Z.Lipinszki, and A.Udvardy (2007).
Molecular characterization of the Rpt1/p48B ATPase subunit of the Drosophila melanogaster 26S proteasome.
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18047740 B.Dahlmann (2007).
Role of proteasomes in disease.
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The proteasome maturation protein POMP facilitates major steps of 20S proteasome formation at the endoplasmic reticulum.
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17641241 C.Naujokat, and T.Sarić (2007).
Concise review: role and function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in mammalian stem and progenitor cells.
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18075576 C.V.Robinson, A.Sali, and W.Baumeister (2007).
The molecular sociology of the cell.
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18300387 D.Chen, K.R.Landis-Piwowar, M.S.Chen, and Q.P.Dou (2007).
Inhibition of proteasome activity by the dietary flavonoid apigenin is associated with growth inhibition in cultured breast cancer cells and xenografts.
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Docking of the proteasomal ATPases' carboxyl termini in the 20S proteasome's alpha ring opens the gate for substrate entry.
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17767547 D.S.Deluca, and R.Blasczyk (2007).
The immunoinformatics of cancer immunotherapy.
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17999765 E.A.Rakha, D.S.Tan, W.D.Foulkes, I.O.Ellis, A.Tutt, T.O.Nielsen, and J.S.Reis-Filho (2007).
Are triple negative tumours and basal-like breast cancer synonymous?
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A proteasome for all occasions.
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17455294 J.M.Hunter, M.Lesort, and G.V.Johnson (2007).
Ubiquitin-proteasome system alterations in a striatal cell model of Huntington's disease.
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Differential intra-proteasome interactions involving standard and immunosubunits.
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Synthesis of (2R, 3R)-epigallocatechin-3-O-(4-hydroxybenzoate), a novel catechin from Cistus salvifolius, and evaluation of its proteasome inhibitory activities.
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A para-amino substituent on the D-ring of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel proteasome inhibitor and cancer cell apoptosis inducer.
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Methylation suppresses the proteasome-inhibitory function of green tea polyphenols.
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17696779 L.Borissenko, and M.Groll (2007).
Diversity of proteasomal missions: fine tuning of the immune response.
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17408236 M.E.Martin, and K.G.Rice (2007).
Peptide-guided gene delivery.
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17430901 M.Sharon, S.Witt, E.Glasmacher, W.Baumeister, and C.V.Robinson (2007).
Mass spectrometry reveals the missing links in the assembly pathway of the bacterial 20 S proteasome.
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17441136 M.Shibasaki, M.Kanai, and N.Fukuda (2007).
Total synthesis of lactacystin and salinosporamide A.
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17464411 M.Verdoes, B.I.Florea, W.A.van der Linden, D.Renou, A.M.van den Nieuwendijk, G.A.van der Marel, and H.S.Overkleeft (2007).
Mixing of peptides and electrophilic traps gives rise to potent, broad-spectrum proteasome inhibitors.
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17390294 O.Drews, C.Zong, and P.Ping (2007).
Exploring proteasome complexes by proteomic approaches.
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18047741 P.G.Corn (2007).
Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in renal cell carcinoma.
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17103119 P.Voss, and T.Grune (2007).
The nuclear proteasome and the degradation of oxidatively damaged proteins.
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17237764 R.Sprangers, and L.E.Kay (2007).
Quantitative dynamics and binding studies of the 20S proteasome by NMR.
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17004105 S.Deng, H.Zhou, R.Xiong, Y.Lu, D.Yan, T.Xing, L.Dong, E.Tang, and H.Yang (2007).
Over-expression of genes and proteins of ubiquitin specific peptidases (USPs) and proteasome subunits (PSs) in breast cancer tissue observed by the methods of RFDD-PCR and proteomics.
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17540904 S.Murata, K.Sasaki, T.Kishimoto, S.Niwa, H.Hayashi, Y.Takahama, and K.Tanaka (2007).
Regulation of CD8+ T cell development by thymus-specific proteasomes.
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17681036 V.A.Vernace, T.Schmidt-Glenewinkel, and M.E.Figueiredo-Pereira (2007).
Aging and regulated protein degradation: who has the UPPer hand?
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17431397 X.Li, A.R.Kusmierczyk, P.Wong, A.Emili, and M.Hochstrasser (2007).
beta-Subunit appendages promote 20S proteasome assembly by overcoming an Ump1-dependent checkpoint.
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17941820 X.Wang, C.Guerrero, P.Kaiser, and L.Huang (2007).
Proteomics of proteasome complexes and ubiquitinated proteins.
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17462577 Y.K.Ho, P.Bargagna-Mohan, M.Wehenkel, R.Mohan, and K.B.Kim (2007).
LMP2-specific inhibitors: chemical genetic tools for proteasome biology.
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17292836 Y.Nakamura, K.Nakano, T.Umehara, M.Kimura, Y.Hayashizaki, A.Tanaka, M.Horikoshi, B.Padmanabhan, and S.Yokoyama (2007).
Structure of the oncoprotein gankyrin in complex with S6 ATPase of the 26S proteasome.
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PDB codes: 2dvw 2dwz
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Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the non-ATPase subunit Nas6 in complex with the ATPase subunit Rpt3 of the 26S proteasome from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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17157318 Y.Wang, and H.C.Guo (2007).
Crystallographic snapshot of a productive glycosylasparaginase-substrate complex.
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PDB code: 2gl9
16987021 A.V.Gomes, C.Zong, and P.Ping (2006).
Protein degradation by the 26S proteasome system in the normal and stressed myocardium.
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17124531 A.Visekruna, T.Joeris, D.Seidel, A.Kroesen, C.Loddenkemper, M.Zeitz, S.H.Kaufmann, R.Schmidt-Ullrich, and U.Steinhoff (2006).
Proteasome-mediated degradation of IkappaBalpha and processing of p105 in Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis.
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16321849 C.Bogner, C.Peschel, and T.Decker (2006).
Targeting the proteasome in mantle cell lymphoma: a promising therapeutic approach.
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19617921 C.García-Echeverría (2006).
Peptide and Peptide-Like Modulators of 20S Proteasome Enzymatic Activity in Cancer Cells.
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17018291 C.W.Liu, X.Li, D.Thompson, K.Wooding, T.L.Chang, Z.Tang, H.Yu, P.J.Thomas, and G.N.DeMartino (2006).
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16595883 D.Nandi, P.Tahiliani, A.Kumar, and D.Chandu (2006).
The ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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16421449 E.D.Lowe, N.Hasan, J.F.Trempe, L.Fonso, M.E.Noble, J.A.Endicott, L.N.Johnson, and N.R.Brown (2006).
Structures of the Dsk2 UBL and UBA domains and their complex.
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PDB codes: 2bwb 2bwe 2bwf
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Modeling of possible subunit arrangements in the eukaryotic chaperonin TRiC.
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16713559 E.Lorentzen, and E.Conti (2006).
The exosome and the proteasome: nano-compartments for degradation.
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16468986 G.Hu, G.Lin, M.Wang, L.Dick, R.M.Xu, C.Nathan, and H.Li (2006).
Structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasome and mechanism of inhibition by a peptidyl boronate.
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PDB codes: 2fhg 2fhh
16468985 G.Lin, G.Hu, C.Tsu, Y.Z.Kunes, H.Li, L.Dick, T.Parsons, P.Li, Z.Chen, P.Zwickl, N.Weich, and C.Nathan (2006).
Mycobacterium tuberculosis prcBA genes encode a gated proteasome with broad oligopeptide specificity.
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16769238 H.Ostrowska, K.Kruszewski, and I.Kasacka (2006).
Immuno-proteasome subunit LMP7 is up-regulated in the ischemic kidney in an experimental model of renovascular hypertension.
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16222703 H.X.Wang, H.M.Wang, H.Y.Lin, Q.Yang, H.Zhang, B.K.Tsang, and C.Zhu (2006).
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16952374 J.Iwanczyk, K.Sadre-Bazzaz, K.Ferrell, E.Kondrashkina, T.Formosa, C.P.Hill, and J.Ortega (2006).
Structure of the Blm10-20 S proteasome complex by cryo-electron microscopy. Insights into the mechanism of activation of mature yeast proteasomes.
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16890441 K.P.Hofmann, C.M.Spahn, R.Heinrich, and U.Heinemann (2006).
Building functional modules from molecular interactions.
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16858705 K.Schulze, A.Mulder, A.Tinazli, and R.Tampé (2006).
Controlling the activity of the 20S proteasome complex by synthetic gatekeepers.
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16487054 L.Farout, and B.Friguet (2006).
Proteasome function in aging and oxidative stress: implications in protein maintenance failure.
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16646078 L.J.Smyth, E.Elkord, T.E.Taher, H.R.Jiang, D.J.Burt, A.Clayton, P.A.van Veelen, A.de Ru, F.Ossendorp, C.J.Melief, J.W.Drijfhout, S.Dermime, R.E.Hawkins, and P.L.Stern (2006).
CD8 T-cell recognition of human 5T4 oncofetal antigen.
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16601692 M.A.Hoyt, J.Zich, J.Takeuchi, M.Zhang, C.Govaerts, and P.Coffino (2006).
Glycine-alanine repeats impair proper substrate unfolding by the proteasome.
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16950923 M.A.Humbard, S.M.Stevens, and J.A.Maupin-Furlow (2006).
Posttranslational modification of the 20S proteasomal proteins of the archaeon Haloferax volcanii.
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16802355 M.Brychcy, U.Kuckelkorn, G.Hausdorf, K.Egerer, P.M.Kloetzel, G.R.Burmester, and E.Feist (2006).
Anti-20S proteasome autoantibodies inhibit proteasome stimulation by proteasome activator PA28.
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16445356 M.Gaczynska, K.Rodriguez, S.Madabhushi, and P.A.Osmulski (2006).
Highbrow proteasome in high-throughput technology.
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16531229 M.Groll, C.R.Berkers, H.L.Ploegh, and H.Ovaa (2006).
Crystal structure of the boronic acid-based proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in complex with the yeast 20S proteasome.
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PDB code: 2f16
16537370 M.Groll, O.V.Larionov, R.Huber, and A.de Meijere (2006).
Inhibitor-binding mode of homobelactosin C to proteasomes: new insights into class I MHC ligand generation.
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PDB codes: 2fny 3e47
17082771 M.J.Pearce, P.Arora, R.A.Festa, S.M.Butler-Wu, R.S.Gokhale, and K.H.Darwin (2006).
Identification of substrates of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasome.
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16597234 M.Koyutürk, Y.Kim, U.Topkara, S.Subramaniam, W.Szpankowski, and A.Grama (2006).
Pairwise alignment of protein interaction networks.
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16173095 M.Lu, Q.P.Dou, R.P.Kitson, D.M.Smith, and R.H.Goldfarb (2006).
Differential effects of proteasome inhibitors on cell cycle and apoptotic pathways in human YT and Jurkat cells.
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16446364 M.Sharon, S.Witt, K.Felderer, B.Rockel, W.Baumeister, and C.V.Robinson (2006).
20S proteasomes have the potential to keep substrates in store for continual degradation.
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16648584 P.J.Neuburger, K.J.Saville, J.Zeng, K.A.Smyth, and J.M.Belote (2006).
A genetic suppressor of two dominant temperature-sensitive lethal proteasome mutants of Drosophila melanogaster is itself a mutated proteasome subunit gene.
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16402903 P.M.Voorhees, and R.Z.Orlowski (2006).
The proteasome and proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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16549793 P.Osterloh, K.Linkemann, S.Tenzer, H.G.Rammensee, M.P.Radsak, D.H.Busch, and H.Schild (2006).
Proteasomes shape the repertoire of T cells participating in antigen-specific immune responses.
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16804029 R.Gonzalez-Dosal, M.D.Sørensen, B.F.Clark, S.I.Rattan, and P.Kristensen (2006).
Phage-displayed antibodies for the detection of glycated proteasome in aging cells.
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16791828 R.Horiguchi, H.Dohra, and T.Tokumoto (2006).
Comparative proteome analysis of changes in the 26S proteasome during oocyte maturation in goldfish.
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16716593 R.J.Ellis (2006).
Molecular chaperones: assisting assembly in addition to folding.
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16532374 S.Singh, and A.Khar (2006).
Activation of NFkappaB and Ub-proteasome pathway during apoptosis induced by a serum factor is mediated through the upregulation of the 26S proteasome subunits.
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16487055 T.C.Squier (2006).
Redox modulation of cellular metabolism through targeted degradation of signaling proteins by the proteasome.
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16483314 T.Okuno, K.Yamanaka, and T.Ogura (2006).
An AAA protease FtsH can initiate proteolysis from internal sites of a model substrate, apo-flavodoxin.
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16987959 T.Shibatani, E.J.Carlson, F.Larabee, A.L.McCormack, K.Früh, and W.R.Skach (2006).
Global organization and function of mammalian cytosolic proteasome pools: Implications for PA28 and 19S regulatory complexes.
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16877706 T.V.Rotanova, I.Botos, E.E.Melnikov, F.Rasulova, A.Gustchina, M.R.Maurizi, and A.Wlodawer (2006).
Slicing a protease: structural features of the ATP-dependent Lon proteases gleaned from investigations of isolated domains.
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17189198 Y.Hirano, H.Hayashi, S.Iemura, K.B.Hendil, S.Niwa, T.Kishimoto, M.Kasahara, T.Natsume, K.Tanaka, and S.Murata (2006).
Cooperation of multiple chaperones required for the assembly of mammalian 20S proteasomes.
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15701650 A.Gribun, M.S.Kimber, R.Ching, R.Sprangers, K.M.Fiebig, and W.A.Houry (2005).
The ClpP double ring tetradecameric protease exhibits plastic ring-ring interactions, and the N termini of its subunits form flexible loops that are essential for ClpXP and ClpAP complex formation.
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PDB code: 1y7o
16193061 A.V.Sorokin, A.A.Selyutina, M.A.Skabkin, S.G.Guryanov, I.V.Nazimov, C.Richard, J.Th'ng, J.Yau, P.H.Sorensen, L.P.Ovchinnikov, and V.Evdokimova (2005).
Proteasome-mediated cleavage of the Y-box-binding protein 1 is linked to DNA-damage stress response.
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16181324 B.Strehl, U.Seifert, E.Krüger, S.Heink, U.Kuckelkorn, and P.M.Kloetzel (2005).
Interferon-gamma, the functional plasticity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and MHC class I antigen processing.
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16149114 C.Drahl, B.F.Cravatt, and E.J.Sorensen (2005).
Protein-reactive natural products.
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15785850 D.H.Bos (2005).
Natural selection during functional divergence to LMP7 and proteasome subunit X (PSMB5) following gene duplication.
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16337593 D.M.Smith, G.Kafri, Y.Cheng, D.Ng, T.Walz, and A.L.Goldberg (2005).
ATP binding to PAN or the 26S ATPases causes association with the 20S proteasome, gate opening, and translocation of unfolded proteins.
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15611133 E.Isono, N.Saito, N.Kamata, Y.Saeki, and A.Toh-E (2005).
Functional analysis of Rpn6p, a lid component of the 26 S proteasome, using temperature-sensitive rpn6 mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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15766545 F.Alber, M.F.Kim, and A.Sali (2005).
Structural characterization of assemblies from overall shape and subcomplex compositions.
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15665121 F.Luciani, C.KeÅŸmir, M.Mishto, M.Or-Guil, and R.J.de Boer (2005).
A mathematical model of protein degradation by the proteasome.
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15790562 F.Shang, G.Deng, Q.Liu, W.Guo, A.L.Haas, B.Crosas, D.Finley, and A.Taylor (2005).
Lys6-modified ubiquitin inhibits ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation.
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15919666 H.A.Braun, S.Umbreen, M.Groll, U.Kuckelkorn, I.Mlynarczuk, M.E.Wigand, I.Drung, P.M.Kloetzel, and B.Schmidt (2005).
Tripeptide mimetics inhibit the 20 S proteasome by covalent bonding to the active threonines.
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15914020 J.A.Loo, B.Berhane, C.S.Kaddis, K.M.Wooding, Y.Xie, S.L.Kaufman, and I.V.Chernushevich (2005).
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and ion mobility analysis of the 20S proteasome complex.
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15899868 J.Lundgren, P.Masson, Z.Mirzaei, and P.Young (2005).
Identification and characterization of a Drosophila proteasome regulatory network.
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16003465 K.Tsukamoto, S.Hayashi, M.Y.Matsuo, M.I.Nonaka, M.Kondo, A.Shima, S.Asakawa, N.Shimizu, and M.Nonaka (2005).
Unprecedented intraspecific diversity of the MHC class I region of a teleost medaka, Oryzias latipes.
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16195234 L.Di Noto, L.J.Whitson, X.Cao, P.J.Hart, and R.L.Levine (2005).
Proteasomal degradation of mutant superoxide dismutases linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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15678420 M.Groll, M.Bochtler, H.Brandstetter, T.Clausen, and R.Huber (2005).
Molecular machines for protein degradation.
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15653075 M.Rechsteiner, and C.P.Hill (2005).
Mobilizing the proteolytic machine: cell biological roles of proteasome activators and inhibitors.
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16201867 M.Schmidt, J.Hanna, S.Elsasser, and D.Finley (2005).
Proteasome-associated proteins: regulation of a proteolytic machine.
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15778719 M.Schmidt, W.Haas, B.Crosas, P.G.Santamaria, S.P.Gygi, T.Walz, and D.Finley (2005).
The HEAT repeat protein Blm10 regulates the yeast proteasome by capping the core particle.
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15547920 Q.E.Wang, M.A.Wani, J.Chen, Q.Zhu, G.Wani, M.A.El-Mahdy, and A.A.Wani (2005).
Cellular ubiquitination and proteasomal functions positively modulate mammalian nucleotide excision repair.
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16263929 R.Sprangers, A.Gribun, P.M.Hwang, W.A.Houry, and L.E.Kay (2005).
Quantitative NMR spectroscopy of supramolecular complexes: dynamic side pores in ClpP are important for product release.
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15944226 S.Heink, D.Ludwig, P.M.Kloetzel, and E.Krüger (2005).
IFN-gamma-induced immune adaptation of the proteasome system is an accelerated and transient response.
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16041125 S.Yamamoto, Y.Otsuka, G.Borjigin, K.Masuda, Y.Ikeuchi, T.Nishiumi, and A.Suzuki (2005).
Effects of a high-pressure treatment on the activity and structure of rabbit muscle proteasome.
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15864801 T.J.Donohoe, H.O.Sintim, L.Sisangia, K.W.Ace, P.M.Guyo, A.Cowley, and J.D.Harling (2005).
Utility of the ammonia-free Birch reduction of electron-deficient pyrroles: total synthesis of the 20s proteasome inhibitor, clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone.
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16251969 Y.Hirano, K.B.Hendil, H.Yashiroda, S.Iemura, R.Nagane, Y.Hioki, T.Natsume, K.Tanaka, and S.Murata (2005).
A heterodimeric complex that promotes the assembly of mammalian 20S proteasomes.
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15831487 Y.Park, Y.P.Hwang, J.S.Lee, S.H.Seo, S.K.Yoon, and J.B.Yoon (2005).
Proteasomal ATPase-associated factor 1 negatively regulates proteasome activity by interacting with proteasomal ATPases.
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15312912 A.N.Hegde (2004).
Ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated local protein degradation and synaptic plasticity.
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15066131 B.Xu, B.Monsarrat, J.E.Gairin, and E.Girbal-Neuhauser (2004).
Effect of ajoene, a natural antitumor small molecule, on human 20S proteasome activity in vitro and in human leukemic HL60 cells.
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15516591 C.J.Reuter, S.J.Kaczowka, and J.A.Maupin-Furlow (2004).
Differential regulation of the PanA and PanB proteasome-activating nucleotidase and 20S proteasomal proteins of the haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii.
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14990998 C.M.Pickart, and R.E.Cohen (2004).
Proteasomes and their kin: proteases in the machine age.
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14749736 D.Blom, C.Hirsch, P.Stern, D.Tortorella, and H.L.Ploegh (2004).
A glycosylated type I membrane protein becomes cytosolic when peptide: N-glycanase is compromised.
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15039430 D.M.Janse, B.Crosas, D.Finley, and G.M.Church (2004).
Localization to the proteasome is sufficient for degradation.
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14705024 D.M.Smith, K.G.Daniel, Z.Wang, W.C.Guida, T.H.Chan, and Q.P.Dou (2004).
Docking studies and model development of tea polyphenol proteasome inhibitors: applications to rational drug design.
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Rpn7 Is required for the structural integrity of the 26 S proteasome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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15592905 F.Liu, S.Tachibana, T.Taira, M.Ishihara, F.Kato, and M.Yasuda (2004).
Purification and characterization of a high molecular mass serine carboxypeptidase from Monascus pilosus.
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15201202 H.X.Wang, H.M.Wang, Q.L.Li, H.Y.Lin, D.Qian, and C.Zhu (2004).
Expression of proteasome subunits low molecular mass polypeptide (LMP) 2 and LMP7 in the endometrium and placenta of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) during early pregnancy.
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14739934 I.Velichutina, P.L.Connerly, C.S.Arendt, X.Li, and M.Hochstrasser (2004).
Plasticity in eucaryotic 20S proteasome ring assembly revealed by a subunit deletion in yeast.
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15319444 J.E.Whittier, Y.Xiong, M.C.Rechsteiner, and T.C.Squier (2004).
Hsp90 enhances degradation of oxidized calmodulin by the 20 S proteasome.
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15377232 J.Smalle, and R.D.Vierstra (2004).
The ubiquitin 26S proteasome proteolytic pathway.
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14534294 J.Yoon, B.Oh, K.Kim, J.Park, D.Han, K.K.Kim, S.S.Cha, D.Lee, and Y.Kim (2004).
A bound water molecule is crucial in initiating autocatalytic precursor activation in an N-terminal hydrolase.
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Lessons from the genome sequence of Neurospora crassa: tracing the path from genomic blueprint to multicellular organism.
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15368577 M.Kaiser, M.Groll, C.Siciliano, I.Assfalg-Machleidt, E.Weyher, J.Kohno, A.G.Milbradt, C.Renner, R.Huber, and L.Moroder (2004).
Binding mode of TMC-95A analogues to eukaryotic 20S proteasome.
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Negative Staining and Image Classification - Powerful Tools in Modern Electron Microscopy.
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14722099 P.C.Ramos, A.J.Marques, M.K.London, and R.J.Dohmen (2004).
Role of C-terminal extensions of subunits beta2 and beta7 in assembly and activity of eukaryotic proteasomes.
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Generation of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens: functional interplay between proteasomes and TPPII.
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14623884 P.Yang, H.Fu, J.Walker, C.M.Papa, J.Smalle, Y.M.Ju, and R.D.Vierstra (2004).
Purification of the Arabidopsis 26 S proteasome: biochemical and molecular analyses revealed the presence of multiple isoforms.
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15209385 R.Hartmann-Petersen, and C.Gordon (2004).
Integral UBL domain proteins: a family of proteasome interacting proteins.
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15454077 R.T.Sauer, D.N.Bolon, B.M.Burton, R.E.Burton, J.M.Flynn, R.A.Grant, G.L.Hersch, S.A.Joshi, J.A.Kenniston, I.Levchenko, S.B.Neher, E.S.Oakes, S.M.Siddiqui, D.A.Wah, and T.A.Baker (2004).
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Intracellular distribution of proteasomes.
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9770515 A.K.Nussbaum, T.P.Dick, W.Keilholz, M.Schirle, S.Stevanović, K.Dietz, W.Heinemeyer, M.Groll, D.H.Wolf, R.Huber, H.G.Rammensee, and H.Schild (1998).
Cleavage motifs of the yeast 20S proteasome beta subunits deduced from digests of enolase 1.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 12504-12509.  
  9568890 A.R.Khan, and M.N.James (1998).
Molecular mechanisms for the conversion of zymogens to active proteolytic enzymes.
  Protein Sci, 7, 815-836.  
9642232 C.Cardozo, and R.A.Kohanski (1998).
Altered properties of the branched chain amino acid-preferring activity contribute to increased cleavages after branched chain residues by the "immunoproteasome".
  J Biol Chem, 273, 16764-16770.  
9799224 C.Enenkel, A.Lehmann, and P.M.Kloetzel (1998).
Subcellular distribution of proteasomes implicates a major location of protein degradation in the nuclear envelope-ER network in yeast.
  EMBO J, 17, 6144-6154.  
9822592 C.R.Wilkinson, M.Wallace, M.Morphew, P.Perry, R.Allshire, J.P.Javerzat, J.R.McIntosh, and C.Gordon (1998).
Localization of the 26S proteasome during mitosis and meiosis in fission yeast.
  EMBO J, 17, 6465-6476.  
9430676 C.Sears, J.Olesen, D.Rubin, D.Finley, and T.Maniatis (1998).
NF-kappa B p105 processing via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 1409-1419.  
9789328 D.H.Lee, and A.L.Goldberg (1998).
Proteasome inhibitors: valuable new tools for cell biologists.
  Trends Cell Biol, 8, 397-403.  
9724628 D.M.Rubin, M.H.Glickman, C.N.Larsen, S.Dhruvakumar, and D.Finley (1998).
Active site mutants in the six regulatory particle ATPases reveal multiple roles for ATP in the proteasome.
  EMBO J, 17, 4909-4919.  
9597133 E.Pamer, and P.Cresswell (1998).
Mechanisms of MHC class I--restricted antigen processing.
  Annu Rev Immunol, 16, 323-358.  
9535824 G.Fenteany, and S.L.Schreiber (1998).
Lactacystin, proteasome function, and cell fate.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 8545-8548.  
9737872 G.M.Adams, B.Crotchett, C.A.Slaughter, G.N.DeMartino, and E.P.Gogol (1998).
Formation of proteasome-PA700 complexes directly correlates with activation of peptidase activity.
  Biochemistry, 37, 12927-12932.  
9584142 G.Schmidtke, M.Eggers, T.Ruppert, M.Groettrup, U.H.Koszinowski, and P.M.Kloetzel (1998).
Inactivation of a defined active site in the mouse 20S proteasome complex enhances major histocompatibility complex class I antigen presentation of a murine cytomegalovirus protein.
  J Exp Med, 187, 1641-1646.  
9685368 H.C.Guo, Q.Xu, D.Buckley, and C.Guan (1998).
Crystal structures of Flavobacterium glycosylasparaginase. An N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase activated by intramolecular proteolysis.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 20205-20212.
PDB codes: 2gac 2gaw
  9611183 H.Fu, J.H.Doelling, C.S.Arendt, M.Hochstrasser, and R.D.Vierstra (1998).
Molecular organization of the 20S proteasome gene family from Arabidopsis thaliana.
  Genetics, 149, 677-692.  
9442033 H.Fu, S.Sadis, D.M.Rubin, M.Glickman, S.van Nocker, D.Finley, and R.D.Vierstra (1998).
Multiubiquitin chain binding and protein degradation are mediated by distinct domains within the 26 S proteasome subunit Mcb1.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 1970-1981.  
  9765579 I.Nagy, T.Tamura, J.Vanderleyden, W.Baumeister, and R.De Mot (1998).
The 20S proteasome of Streptomyces coelicolor.
  J Bacteriol, 180, 5448-5453.  
  9515917 J.A.Maupin-Furlow, H.C.Aldrich, and J.G.Ferry (1998).
Biochemical characterization of the 20S proteasome from the methanoarchaeon Methanosarcina thermophila.
  J Bacteriol, 180, 1480-1487.  
9699610 J.M.Grimes, and D.I.Stuart (1998).
Large unit cells and cellular mechanics.
  Nat Struct Biol, 5, 630-634.  
9770452 J.R.Hoskins, M.Pak, M.R.Maurizi, and S.Wickner (1998).
The role of the ClpA chaperone in proteolysis by ClpAP.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 12135-12140.  
9891777 J.S.Bonifacino, and A.M.Weissman (1998).
Ubiquitin and the control of protein fate in the secretory and endocytic pathways.
  Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, 14, 19-57.  
9700509 K.Tanaka, and M.Kasahara (1998).
The MHC class I ligand-generating system: roles of immunoproteasomes and the interferon-gamma-inducible proteasome activator PA28.
  Immunol Rev, 163, 161-176.  
9797452 K.Tanaka, and T.Chiba (1998).
The proteasome: a protein-destroying machine.
  Genes Cells, 3, 499-510.  
9653549 M.Bogyo, S.Shin, J.S.McMaster, and H.L.Ploegh (1998).
Substrate binding and sequence preference of the proteasome revealed by active-site-directed affinity probes.
  Chem Biol, 5, 307-320.  
  9841670 M.D.Mendenhall, and A.E.Hodge (1998).
Regulation of Cdc28 cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity during the cell cycle of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, 62, 1191-1243.  
  9584156 M.H.Glickman, D.M.Rubin, V.A.Fried, and D.Finley (1998).
The regulatory particle of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteasome.
  Mol Cell Biol, 18, 3149-3162.  
9644976 M.J.Warren, J.B.Cooper, S.P.Wood, and P.M.Shoolingin-Jordan (1998).
Lead poisoning, haem synthesis and 5-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 23, 217-221.  
9651672 M.R.Maurizi (1998).
Proteasome assembly: biting the hand.
  Curr Biol, 8, R453-R456.  
9669729 N.Marcus, J.H.Teckman, and D.H.Perlmutter (1998).
Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency: from genotype to childhood disease.
  J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 27, 65-74.  
  9557668 O.Schwartz, V.Maréchal, B.Friguet, F.Arenzana-Seisdedos, and J.M.Heard (1998).
Antiviral activity of the proteasome on incoming human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
  J Virol, 72, 3845-3850.  
9789051 P.André, M.Groettrup, P.Klenerman, R.de Giuli, B.L.Booth, V.Cerundolo, M.Bonneville, F.Jotereau, R.M.Zinkernagel, and V.Lotteau (1998).
An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease modulates proteasome activity, antigen presentation, and T cell responses.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 13120-13124.  
9491890 P.C.Ramos, J.Höckendorff, E.S.Johnson, A.Varshavsky, and R.J.Dohmen (1998).
Ump1p is required for proper maturation of the 20S proteasome and becomes its substrate upon completion of the assembly.
  Cell, 92, 489-499.  
9485444 R.E.Beal, D.Toscano-Cantaffa, P.Young, M.Rechsteiner, and C.M.Pickart (1998).
The hydrophobic effect contributes to polyubiquitin chain recognition.
  Biochemistry, 37, 2925-2934.  
9677364 R.Gueckel, C.Enenkel, D.H.Wolf, and W.Hilt (1998).
Mutations in the yeast proteasome beta-type subunit Pre3 uncover position-dependent effects on proteasomal peptidase activity and in vivo function.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 19443-19452.  
9811845 R.Sánchez, and A.Sali (1998).
Large-scale protein structure modeling of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 13597-13602.  
10076530 R.T.Lum, S.S.Kerwar, S.M.Meyer, M.G.Nelson, S.R.Schow, D.Shiffman, M.M.Wick, and A.Joly (1998).
A new structural class of proteasome inhibitors that prevent NF-kappa B activation.
  Biochem Pharmacol, 55, 1391-1397.  
9597130 S.Ghosh, M.J.May, and E.B.Kopp (1998).
NF-kappa B and Rel proteins: evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune responses.
  Annu Rev Immunol, 16, 225-260.  
  9756786 S.M.Gantt, J.M.Myung, M.R.Briones, W.D.Li, E.J.Corey, S.Omura, V.Nussenzweig, and P.Sinnis (1998).
Proteasome inhibitors block development of Plasmodium spp.
  Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 42, 2731-2738.  
10565334 S.R.Price, and W.E.Mitch (1998).
Mechanisms stimulating protein degradation to cause muscle atrophy.
  Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 1, 79-83.  
9419215 T.A.Griffin, D.Nandi, M.Cruz, H.J.Fehling, L.V.Kaer, J.J.Monaco, and R.A.Colbert (1998).
Immunoproteasome assembly: cooperative incorporation of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-inducible subunits.
  J Exp Med, 187, 97.  
9601040 T.A.McCormack, A.A.Cruikshank, L.Grenier, F.D.Melandri, S.L.Nunes, L.Plamondon, R.L.Stein, and L.R.Dick (1998).
Kinetic studies of the branched chain amino acid preferring peptidase activity of the 20S proteasome: development of a continuous assay and inhibition by tripeptide aldehydes and clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone.
  Biochemistry, 37, 7792-7800.  
9748229 T.P.Dick, A.K.Nussbaum, M.Deeg, W.Heinemeyer, M.Groll, M.Schirle, W.Keilholz, S.Stevanović, D.H.Wolf, R.Huber, H.G.Rammensee, and H.Schild (1998).
Contribution of proteasomal beta-subunits to the cleavage of peptide substrates analyzed with yeast mutants.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 25637-25646.  
  9763452 T.Rinaldi, C.Ricci, D.Porro, M.Bolotin-Fukuhara, and L.Frontali (1998).
A mutation in a novel yeast proteasomal gene, RPN11/MPR1, produces a cell cycle arrest, overreplication of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and an altered mitochondrial morphology.
  Mol Biol Cell, 9, 2917-2931.  
9755166 U.Jenal, and T.Fuchs (1998).
An essential protease involved in bacterial cell-cycle control.
  EMBO J, 17, 5658-5669.  
9521073 V.M.Braud, A.J.McMichael, and V.Cerundolo (1998).
Differential processing of influenza nucleoprotein in human and mouse cells.
  Eur J Immunol, 28, 625-635.  
  9472642 V.Spataro, C.Norbury, and A.L.Harris (1998).
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in cancer.
  Br J Cancer, 77, 448-455.  
9476896 W.Baumeister, J.Walz, F.Zühl, and E.Seemüller (1998).
The proteasome: paradigm of a self-compartmentalizing protease.
  Cell, 92, 367-380.  
9501171 Z.Zhang, A.Clawson, C.Realini, C.C.Jensen, J.R.Knowlton, C.P.Hill, and M.Rechsteiner (1998).
Identification of an activation region in the proteasome activator REGalpha.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 2807-2811.  
9545278 Z.Zhang, C.Realini, A.Clawson, S.Endicott, and M.Rechsteiner (1998).
Proteasome activation by REG molecules lacking homolog-specific inserts.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 9501-9509.  
  9377486 A.Escherich, L.Ditzel, H.J.Musiol, M.Groll, R.Huber, and L.Moroder (1997).
Synthesis, kinetic characterization and X-ray analysis of peptide aldehydes as inhibitors of the 20S proteasomes from Thermoplasma acidophilum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  Biol Chem, 378, 893-898.  
9357316 A.Lupas, J.M.Flanagan, T.Tamura, and W.Baumeister (1997).
Self-compartmentalizing proteases.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 22, 399-404.  
9527478 A.Tulp, D.Verwoerd, A.Benham, and J.Neefjes (1997).
High-resolution density gradient electrophoresis of proteins and subcellular organelles.
  Electrophoresis, 18, 2509-2515.  
9357313 A.Varshavsky (1997).
The ubiquitin system.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 22, 383-387.  
9390550 C.N.Larsen, and D.Finley (1997).
Protein translocation channels in the proteasome and other proteases.
  Cell, 91, 431-434.  
9325261 C.Realini, C.C.Jensen, Z.Zhang, S.C.Johnston, J.R.Knowlton, C.P.Hill, and M.Rechsteiner (1997).
Characterization of recombinant REGalpha, REGbeta, and REGgamma proteasome activators.
  J Biol Chem, 272, 25483-25492.  
9207060 C.S.Arendt, and M.Hochstrasser (1997).
Identification of the yeast 20S proteasome catalytic centers and subunit interactions required for active-site formation.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 7156-7161.  
9311996 D.Nandi, E.Woodward, D.B.Ginsburg, and J.J.Monaco (1997).
Intermediates in the formation of mouse 20S proteasomes: implications for the assembly of precursor beta subunits.
  EMBO J, 16, 5363-5375.  
9409776 D.Zaiss, and J.M.Belote (1997).
Molecular cloning of the Drosophila melanogaster gene alpha5_dm encoding a 20S proteasome alpha-type subunit.
  Gene, 201, 99.  
9321388 E.A.Reits, A.M.Benham, B.Plougastel, J.Neefjes, and J.Trowsdale (1997).
Dynamics of proteasome distribution in living cells.
  EMBO J, 16, 6087-6094.  
9368598 E.E.Bates, O.Ravel, M.C.Dieu, S.Ho, C.Guret, J.M.Bridon, S.Ait-Yahia, F.Brière, C.Caux, J.Banchereau, and S.Lebecque (1997).
Identification and analysis of a novel member of the ubiquitin family expressed in dendritic cells and mature B cells.
  Eur J Immunol, 27, 2471-2477.  
9261150 H.Huang, and A.L.Goldberg (1997).
Proteolytic activity of the ATP-dependent protease HslVU can be uncoupled from ATP hydrolysis.
  J Biol Chem, 272, 21364-21372.  
9145098 J.A.Brannigan, and G.G.Dodson (1997).
A short cut for the immune system.
  Nat Struct Biol, 4, 334-338.  
9295315 J.Piotrowski, R.Beal, L.Hoffman, K.D.Wilkinson, R.E.Cohen, and C.M.Pickart (1997).
Inhibition of the 26 S proteasome by polyubiquitin chains synthesized to have defined lengths.
  J Biol Chem, 272, 23712-23721.  
9312091 J.Reidlinger, A.M.Pike, P.J.Savory, R.Z.Murray, and A.J.Rivett (1997).
Catalytic properties of 26 S and 20 S proteasomes and radiolabeling of MB1, LMP7, and C7 subunits associated with trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like activities.
  J Biol Chem, 272, 24899-24905.  
9390554 J.Wang, J.A.Hartling, and J.M.Flanagan (1997).
The structure of ClpP at 2.3 A resolution suggests a model for ATP-dependent proteolysis.
  Cell, 91, 447-456.
PDB code: 1tyf
9177170 M.Bochtler, L.Ditzel, M.Groll, and R.Huber (1997).
Crystal structure of heat shock locus V (HslV) from Escherichia coli.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 6070-6074.
PDB code: 1ned
9256419 M.Groettrup, S.Standera, R.Stohwasser, and P.M.Kloetzel (1997).
The subunits MECL-1 and LMP2 are mutually required for incorporation into the 20S proteasome.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 8970-8975.  
9406553 P.T.Erskine, N.Senior, S.Awan, R.Lambert, G.Lewis, I.J.Tickle, M.Sarwar, P.Spencer, P.Thomas, M.J.Warren, P.M.Shoolingin-Jordan, S.P.Wood, and J.B.Cooper (1997).
X-ray structure of 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase, a hybrid aldolase.
  Nat Struct Biol, 4, 1025-1031.
PDB code: 1aw5
  9385652 S.C.Johnston, F.G.Whitby, C.Realini, M.Rechsteiner, and C.P.Hill (1997).
The proteasome 11S regulator subunit REG alpha (PA28 alpha) is a heptamer.
  Protein Sci, 6, 2469-2473.  
9278475 S.Nouraini, D.Xu, S.Nelson, M.Lee, and J.D.Friesen (1997).
Genetic evidence for selective degradation of RNA polymerase subunits by the 20S proteasome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 25, 3570-3579.  
9334174 T.Mc Cormack, W.Baumeister, L.Grenier, C.Moomaw, L.Plamondon, B.Pramanik, C.Slaughter, F.Soucy, R.Stein, F.Zühl, and L.Dick (1997).
Active site-directed inhibitors of Rhodococcus 20 S proteasome. Kinetics and mechanism.
  J Biol Chem, 272, 26103-26109.  
  9398670 U.M.Gerlinger, R.Gückel, M.Hoffmann, D.H.Wolf, and W.Hilt (1997).
Yeast cycloheximide-resistant crl mutants are proteasome mutants defective in protein degradation.
  Mol Biol Cell, 8, 2487-2499.  
9312134 W.Heinemeyer, M.Fischer, T.Krimmer, U.Stachon, and D.H.Wolf (1997).
The active sites of the eukaryotic 20 S proteasome and their involvement in subunit precursor processing.
  J Biol Chem, 272, 25200-25209.  
9346951 X.Song, J.von Kampen, C.A.Slaughter, and G.N.DeMartino (1997).
Relative functions of the alpha and beta subunits of the proteasome activator, PA28.
  J Biol Chem, 272, 27994-28000.  
The most recent references are shown first. Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be only a partial list as not all journals are covered by either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data so more and more references will be included with time. Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB codes are shown on the right.

 

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