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PDBsum entry 1gal
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Oxidoreductase(flavoprotein)
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PDB id
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1gal
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* Residue conservation analysis
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Enzyme class:
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E.C.1.1.3.4
- glucose oxidase.
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Reaction:
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beta-D-glucose + O2 = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O2
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beta-D-glucose
Bound ligand (Het Group name = )
matches with 91.67% similarity
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+
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O2
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=
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D-glucono-1,5-lactone
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+
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H2O2
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Cofactor:
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FAD
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FAD
Bound ligand (Het Group name =
FAD)
corresponds exactly
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Molecule diagrams generated from .mol files obtained from the
KEGG ftp site
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J Mol Biol
229:153-172
(1993)
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PubMed id:
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Crystal structure of glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger refined at 2.3 A resolution.
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H.J.Hecht,
H.M.Kalisz,
J.Hendle,
R.D.Schmid,
D.Schomburg.
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ABSTRACT
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Glucose oxidase (beta-D-glucose: oxygen 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.4) is an
FAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of beta-D-glucose by molecular
oxygen. The crystal structure of the partially deglycosylated enzyme from
Aspergillus niger has been determined by isomorphous replacement and refined to
2.3 A resolution. The final crystallographic R-value is 18.1% for reflections
between 10.0 and 2.3 A resolution. The refined model includes 580 amino acid
residues, the FAD cofactor, six N-acetylglucosamine residues, three mannose
residues and 152 solvent molecules. The FAD-binding domain is topologically very
similar to other FAD-binding proteins. The substrate-binding domain is formed
from non-continuous segments of sequence and is characterized by a deep pocket.
One side of this pocket is formed by a six-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet with
the flavin ring system of FAD located at the bottom of the pocket on the
opposite side. Part of the entrance to the active site pocket is at the
interface to the second subunit of the dimeric enzyme and is formed by a
20-residue lid, which in addition covers parts of the FAD-binding site. The
carbohydrate moiety attached to Asn89 at the tip of this lid forms a link
between the subunits of the dimer.
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Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference
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PubMed id
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Reference
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B.C.Kim,
X.Zhao,
H.K.Ahn,
J.H.Kim,
H.J.Lee,
K.W.Kim,
S.Nair,
E.Hsiao,
H.Jia,
M.K.Oh,
B.I.Sang,
B.S.Kim,
S.H.Kim,
Y.Kwon,
S.Ha,
M.B.Gu,
P.Wang,
and
J.Kim
(2011).
Highly stable enzyme precipitate coatings and their electrochemical applications.
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Biosens Bioelectron,
26,
1980-1986.
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Y.Choi,
and
S.T.Yau
(2011).
Ultrasensitive biosensing on the zepto-molar level.
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Biosens Bioelectron,
26,
3386-3390.
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D.Amarie,
A.Alileche,
B.Dragnea,
and
J.A.Glazier
(2010).
Microfluidic devices integrating microcavity surface-plasmon-resonance sensors: glucose oxidase binding-activity detection.
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Anal Chem,
82,
343-352.
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D.Ribitsch,
S.Winkler,
K.Gruber,
W.Karl,
E.Wehrschütz-Sigl,
I.Eiteljörg,
P.Schratl,
P.Remler,
R.Stehr,
C.Bessler,
N.Mussmann,
K.Sauter,
K.H.Maurer,
and
H.Schwab
(2010).
Engineering of choline oxidase from Arthrobacter nicotianae for potential use as biological bleach in detergents.
|
| |
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,
87,
1743-1752.
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K.M.Manesh,
P.Santhosh,
S.Uthayakumar,
A.I.Gopalan,
and
K.P.Lee
(2010).
One-pot construction of mediatorless bi-enzymatic glucose biosensor based on organic-inorganic hybrid.
|
| |
Biosens Bioelectron,
25,
1579-1586.
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M.Altikatoglu,
Y.Basaran,
C.Arioz,
A.Ogan,
and
H.Kuzu
(2010).
Glucose oxidase-dextran conjugates with enhanced stabilities against temperature and pH.
|
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Appl Biochem Biotechnol,
160,
2187-2197.
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P.F.Fitzpatrick
(2010).
Oxidation of amines by flavoproteins.
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Arch Biochem Biophys,
493,
13-25.
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Y.Guo,
F.Lu,
H.Zhao,
Y.Tang,
and
Z.Lu
(2010).
Cloning and heterologous expression of glucose oxidase gene from Aspergillus niger Z-25 in Pichia pastoris.
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Appl Biochem Biotechnol,
162,
498-509.
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A.Priyam,
A.Chatterjee,
S.C.Bhattacharya,
and
A.Saha
(2009).
Conformation and activity dependent interaction of glucose oxidase with CdTe quantum dots: towards developing a nanoparticle based enzymatic assay.
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Photochem Photobiol Sci,
8,
362-370.
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I.S.Fernández,
F.J.Ruíz-Dueñas,
E.Santillana,
P.Ferreira,
M.J.Martínez,
A.T.Martínez,
and
A.Romero
(2009).
Novel structural features in the GMC family of oxidoreductases revealed by the crystal structure of fungal aryl-alcohol oxidase.
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Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr,
65,
1196-1205.
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PDB code:
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P.Ferreira,
A.Hernandez-Ortega,
B.Herguedas,
A.T.Martínez,
and
M.Medina
(2009).
Aryl-alcohol oxidase involved in lignin degradation: a mechanistic study based on steady and pre-steady state kinetics and primary and solvent isotope effects with two alcohol substrates.
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J Biol Chem,
284,
24840-24847.
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S.Lu,
X.Wang,
Q.Lu,
X.Hu,
N.Uppal,
F.G.Omenetto,
and
D.L.Kaplan
(2009).
Stabilization of enzymes in silk films.
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Biomacromolecules,
10,
1032-1042.
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Y.Piao,
D.Lee,
J.Lee,
T.Hyeon,
J.Kim,
and
H.S.Kim
(2009).
Multiplexed immunoassay using the stabilized enzymes in mesoporous silica.
|
| |
Biosens Bioelectron,
25,
906-912.
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C.Michalski,
H.Mohagheghi,
M.Nimtz,
J.Pasteels,
and
D.Ober
(2008).
Salicyl alcohol oxidase of the chemical defense secretion of two chrysomelid leaf beetles. Molecular and functional characterization of two new members of the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase gene family.
|
| |
J Biol Chem,
283,
19219-19228.
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W.Fu,
A.Yamaguchi,
H.Kaneda,
and
N.Teramae
(2008).
Enzyme catalytic membrane based on a hybrid mesoporous membrane.
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Chem Commun (Camb),
(),
853-855.
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A.Alfieri,
F.Fersini,
N.Ruangchan,
M.Prongjit,
P.Chaiyen,
and
A.Mattevi
(2007).
Structure of the monooxygenase component of a two-component flavoprotein monooxygenase.
|
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
104,
1177-1182.
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PDB codes:
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D.G.Hatzinikolaou,
D.Mamma,
P.Christakopoulos,
and
D.Kekos
(2007).
Cell bound and extracellular glucose oxidases from Aspergillus niger BTL: evidence for a secondary glycosylation mechanism.
|
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Appl Biochem Biotechnol,
142,
29-43.
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H.A.Santos,
E.S.Ferreira,
E.J.Pereira,
C.M.Pereira,
K.Kontturi,
and
F.Silva
(2007).
Adsorption-penetration studies of glucose oxidase into phospholipid monolayers at the 1,2-dichloroethane/water interface.
|
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Chemphyschem,
8,
1540-1547.
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K.Risveden,
J.F.Pontén,
N.Calander,
M.Willander,
and
B.Danielsson
(2007).
The region ion sensitive field effect transistor, a novel bioelectronic nanosensor.
|
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Biosens Bioelectron,
22,
3105-3112.
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P.F.Fitzpatrick
(2007).
Insights into the mechanisms of flavoprotein oxidases from kinetic isotope effects.
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J Labelled Comp Radiopharm,
50,
1016-1025.
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V.K.Mudhivarthi,
A.Bhambhani,
and
C.V.Kumar
(2007).
Novel enzyme/DNA/inorganic nanomaterials: a new generation of biocatalysts.
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Dalton Trans,
(),
5483-5497.
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Z.X.Zhao,
M.Q.Qiao,
F.Yin,
B.Shao,
B.Y.Wu,
Y.Y.Wang,
X.S.Wang,
X.Qin,
S.Li,
L.Yu,
and
Q.Chen
(2007).
Amperometric glucose biosensor based on self-assembly hydrophobin with high efficiency of enzyme utilization.
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Biosens Bioelectron,
22,
3021-3027.
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Z.Zhu,
M.Wang,
A.Gautam,
J.Nazor,
C.Momeu,
R.Prodanovic,
and
U.Schwaneberg
(2007).
Directed evolution of glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger for ferrocenemethanol-mediated electron transfer.
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Biotechnol J,
2,
241-248.
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A.Mattevi
(2006).
To be or not to be an oxidase: challenging the oxygen reactivity of flavoenzymes.
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Trends Biochem Sci,
31,
276-283.
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G.D.Withey,
A.D.Lazareck,
M.B.Tzolov,
A.Yin,
P.Aich,
J.I.Yeh,
and
J.M.Xu
(2006).
Ultra-high redox enzyme signal transduction using highly ordered carbon nanotube array electrodes.
|
| |
Biosens Bioelectron,
21,
1560-1565.
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H.Muguruma,
and
Y.Kase
(2006).
Structure and biosensor characteristics of complex between glucose oxidase and plasma-polymerized nanothin film.
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Biosens Bioelectron,
22,
737-743.
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|
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M.Kujawa,
H.Ebner,
C.Leitner,
B.M.Hallberg,
M.Prongjit,
J.Sucharitakul,
R.Ludwig,
U.Rudsander,
C.Peterbauer,
P.Chaiyen,
D.Haltrich,
and
C.Divne
(2006).
Structural basis for substrate binding and regioselective oxidation of monosaccharides at C3 by pyranose 2-oxidase.
|
| |
J Biol Chem,
281,
35104-35115.
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PDB codes:
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P.Ferreira,
F.J.Ruiz-Dueñas,
M.J.Martínez,
W.J.van Berkel,
and
A.T.Martínez
(2006).
Site-directed mutagenesis of selected residues at the active site of aryl-alcohol oxidase, an H2O2-producing ligninolytic enzyme.
|
| |
FEBS J,
273,
4878-4888.
|
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J.Lee,
D.Lee,
E.Oh,
J.Kim,
Y.P.Kim,
S.Jin,
H.S.Kim,
Y.Hwang,
J.H.Kwak,
J.G.Park,
C.H.Shin,
J.Kim,
and
T.Hyeon
(2005).
Preparation of a magnetically switchable bio-electrocatalytic system employing cross-linked enzyme aggregates in magnetic mesocellular carbon foam.
|
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Angew Chem Int Ed Engl,
44,
7427-7432.
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V.Leskovac,
S.Trivić,
G.Wohlfahrt,
J.Kandrac,
and
D.Pericin
(2005).
Glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger: the mechanism of action with molecular oxygen, quinones, and one-electron acceptors.
|
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Int J Biochem Cell Biol,
37,
731-750.
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B.Yuan,
Y.Yoshikane,
N.Yokochi,
K.Ohnishi,
and
T.Yagi
(2004).
The nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacterium Mesorhizobium loti has and expresses the gene encoding pyridoxine 4-oxidase involved in the degradation of vitamin B6.
|
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FEMS Microbiol Lett,
234,
225-230.
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G.Zoldák,
A.Zubrik,
A.Musatov,
M.Stupák,
and
E.Sedlák
(2004).
Irreversible thermal denaturation of glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger is the transition to the denatured state with residual structure.
|
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J Biol Chem,
279,
47601-47609.
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N.J.Forrow,
and
S.J.Walters
(2004).
Transition metal half-sandwich complexes as redox mediators to glucose oxidase.
|
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Biosens Bioelectron,
19,
763-770.
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P.A.van den Berg,
A.van Hoek,
and
A.J.Visser
(2004).
Evidence for a novel mechanism of time-resolved flavin fluorescence depolarization in glutathione reductase.
|
| |
Biophys J,
87,
2577-2586.
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V.Pulci,
R.D'Ovidio,
M.Petruccioli,
and
F.Federici
(2004).
The glucose oxidase of Penicillium variabile P16: gene cloning, sequencing and expression.
|
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Lett Appl Microbiol,
38,
233-238.
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Y.Kase,
and
H.Muguruma
(2004).
Amperometric glucose biosensor based on mediated electron transfer between immobilized glucose oxidase and plasma-polymerized thin film of dimethylaminomethylferrocene on sputtered gold electrode.
|
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Anal Sci,
20,
1143-1146.
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A.Fang,
H.T.Ng,
and
S.F.Li
(2003).
A high-performance glucose biosensor based on monomolecular layer of glucose oxidase covalently immobilised on indium-tin oxide surface.
|
| |
Biosens Bioelectron,
19,
43-49.
|
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B.M.Hallberg,
G.Henriksson,
G.Pettersson,
A.Vasella,
and
C.Divne
(2003).
Mechanism of the reductive half-reaction in cellobiose dehydrogenase.
|
| |
J Biol Chem,
278,
7160-7166.
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PDB code:
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M.Ghanem,
F.Fan,
K.Francis,
and
G.Gadda
(2003).
Spectroscopic and kinetic properties of recombinant choline oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis.
|
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Biochemistry,
42,
15179-15188.
|
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S.Jawaheer,
S.F.White,
S.D.Rughooputh,
and
D.C.Cullen
(2003).
Development of a common biosensor format for an enzyme based biosensor array to monitor fruit quality.
|
| |
Biosens Bioelectron,
18,
1429-1437.
|
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I.Dreveny,
C.Kratky,
and
K.Gruber
(2002).
The active site of hydroxynitrile lyase from Prunus amygdalus: modeling studies provide new insights into the mechanism of cyanogenesis.
|
| |
Protein Sci,
11,
292-300.
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S.Chakraborty,
and
V.Massey
(2002).
Reaction of reduced flavins and flavoproteins with diphenyliodonium chloride.
|
| |
J Biol Chem,
277,
41507-41516.
|
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|
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Y.Kaneda,
K.Ohnishi,
and
T.Yagi
(2002).
Purification, molecular cloning, and characterization of pyridoxine 4-oxidase from Microbacterium luteolum.
|
| |
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem,
66,
1022-1031.
|
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A.Ahmad,
M.S.Akhtar,
and
V.Bhakuni
(2001).
Monovalent cation-induced conformational change in glucose oxidase leading to stabilization of the enzyme.
|
| |
Biochemistry,
40,
1945-1955.
|
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B.Shenoy,
Y.Wang,
W.Shan,
and
A.L.Margolin
(2001).
Stability of crystalline proteins.
|
| |
Biotechnol Bioeng,
73,
358-369.
|
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|
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D.Zhong,
and
A.H.Zewail
(2001).
Femtosecond dynamics of flavoproteins: charge separation and recombination in riboflavine (vitamin B2)-binding protein and in glucose oxidase enzyme.
|
| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
98,
11867-11872.
|
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Y.Yano
(2001).
Artificial flavin receptors: effects of hydrogen bonding on redox properties of a flavin mimic.
|
| |
Antioxid Redox Signal,
3,
899-909.
|
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E.Varela,
M.Jesús Martínez,
and
A.T.Martínez
(2000).
Aryl-alcohol oxidase protein sequence: a comparison with glucose oxidase and other FAD oxidoreductases.
|
| |
Biochim Biophys Acta,
1481,
202-208.
|
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PDB code:
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F.van de Velde,
N.D.Lourenço,
M.Bakker,
F.van Rantwijk,
and
R.A.Sheldon
(2000).
Improved operational stability of peroxidases by coimmobilization with glucose oxidase.
|
| |
Biotechnol Bioeng,
69,
286-291.
|
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O.Vallon
(2000).
New sequence motifs in flavoproteins: evidence for common ancestry and tools to predict structure.
|
| |
Proteins,
38,
95.
|
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|
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P.D.Pawelek,
J.Cheah,
R.Coulombe,
P.Macheroux,
S.Ghisla,
and
A.Vrielink
(2000).
The structure of L-amino acid oxidase reveals the substrate trajectory into an enantiomerically conserved active site.
|
| |
EMBO J,
19,
4204-4215.
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PDB codes:
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Z.Fan,
G.B.Oguntimein,
and
P.J.Reilly
(2000).
Characterization of kinetics and thermostability of Acremonium strictum glucooligosaccharide oxidase.
|
| |
Biotechnol Bioeng,
68,
231-237.
|
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|
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A.Kohen,
and
J.P.Klinman
(1999).
Hydrogen tunneling in biology.
|
| |
Chem Biol,
6,
R191-R198.
|
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|
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A.Mattevi,
G.Tedeschi,
L.Bacchella,
A.Coda,
A.Negri,
and
S.Ronchi
(1999).
Structure of L-aspartate oxidase: implications for the succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate reductase oxidoreductase family.
|
| |
Structure,
7,
745-756.
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PDB code:
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C.Binda,
A.Coda,
R.Angelini,
R.Federico,
P.Ascenzi,
and
A.Mattevi
(1999).
A 30-angstrom-long U-shaped catalytic tunnel in the crystal structure of polyamine oxidase.
|
| |
Structure,
7,
265-276.
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PDB codes:
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D.Gidalevitz,
Z.Huang,
and
S.A.Rice
(1999).
Protein folding at the air-water interface studied with x-ray reflectivity.
|
| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
96,
2608-2611.
|
|
|
|
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|
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D.Savitri,
and
C.K.Mitra
(1999).
Modeling the surface phenomena in carbon paste electrodes by low frequency impedance and double-layer capacitance measurements.
|
| |
Bioelectrochem Bioenerg,
48,
163-169.
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PDB code:
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Biochemistry,
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PDB code:
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PDB code:
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PDB code:
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PDB code:
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only a partial list as not all journals are covered by
either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data
so more and more references will be included with time.
Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB
code is
shown on the right.
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|
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