CoFactor: Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

General information

2D representation

Key facts

Tags

• phosphate-containing cofactors

Molecular function

In amino acid metabolism, PLP catalyses transamination, decarboxylation, racemisation, aldol condensation, α,β-elimination and β,γ-elimination of amino acids, and amine oxidation [1].

Transfer of the amino group, decarboxylation, interconversion of L- and D-amino acids,elimination or transfer of groups at beta or γ-carbon. PLP covalently binds the substrate and functions as an electrophilic catalyst [2].

De/transamination and decarboxylation [1].

Chemical properties

Either re or si face of the planar imine intermediate: hydrogen transfer in transamination reactions [1].

Pathways

Mainly involved in metabolism of amino compounds, apart from glycogen phosphorylases [2].

PLP occurs an all organisms

1.5% of all genes in free-living prokaryotes encode PLP-dependent enzymes. This indicates that PLP is mainly involved in basic metabolism [2].

Arguably the most versatile organic cofactor [2].

Comment

Divergent evolution from a common ancestor, but the also re-face convergent evolution (backed up be fold analysis)[1].

In [6], when cofactor and enzyme are separated, the decreased catalytic activity stays with the cofactor, not the enzyme.

References

[1]	pubmed:11933244
[2]	pubmed:12949584
[3]	pubmed:17898893
[4]	pubmed:17898894
[5]	pubmed:17898895
[6]	pubmed:12379355