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PDBsum entry 1slt
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protein ligands metals Protein-protein interface(s) links
Lectin PDB id
1slt

 

 

 

 

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Contents
Protein chains
133 a.a. *
Ligands
NDG-GAL ×2
Metals
_CL
Waters ×154
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1slt
Name: Lectin
Title: Structure of s-lectin, a developmentally regulated vertebrate beta- galactoside binding protein
Structure: Bovine galectin-1. Chain: a, b. Engineered: yes
Source: Bos taurus. Cow. Organism_taxid: 9913. Tissue: spleen
Resolution:
1.90Å     R-factor:   0.167    
Authors: D.-I.Liao,O.Herzberg
Key ref: D.I.Liao et al. (1994). Structure of S-lectin, a developmentally regulated vertebrate beta-galactoside-binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91, 1428-1432. PubMed id: 8108426 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.4.1428
Date:
20-Oct-93     Release date:   31-Jan-94    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P11116  (LEG1_BOVIN) -  Galectin-1 from Bos taurus
Seq:
Struc: 		135 a.a.
133 a.a.*
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain
* PDB and UniProt seqs differ at 3 residue positions (black crosses)

 

 
DOI no: 10.1073/pnas.91.4.1428 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:1428-1432 (1994)
PubMed id: 8108426  
 
 
Structure of S-lectin, a developmentally regulated vertebrate beta-galactoside-binding protein.
D.I.Liao, G.Kapadia, H.Ahmed, G.R.Vasta, O.Herzberg.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
The crystal structure of a 14-kDa bovine spleen S-lectin complexed with the disaccharide N-acetyllactosamine at 1.9-A resolution reveals a surprising structural relationship to legume lectins, despite the lack of sequence homology. Two monomers associate to form an extended beta-sandwich, each with the same jelly roll topology typical of legume lectins but with dramatically trimmed loops and with different dimer association. Each monomer binds one N-acetyllactosamine molecule in a topologically and spatially different site than that of legume lectins. The carbohydrate-binding site provides an unprecedented paradigm for carbohydrate binding, with a unique network of salt bridges. The specificity for beta-galactose arises from intricate interactions that constrain the position of the O4 atom.
 

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
21539798 I.Echeverria, and L.M.Amzel (2011).
Disaccharide binding to galectin-1: free energy calculations and molecular recognition mechanism.
  Biophys J, 100, 2283-2292.  
20864568 L.A.Earl, S.Bi, and L.G.Baum (2011).
Galectin multimerization and lattice formation are regulated by linker region structure.
  Glycobiology, 21, 6.  
20354738 G.M.Ashraf, S.Rizvi, S.Naqvi, N.Suhail, N.Bilal, S.Hasan, M.Tabish, and N.Banu (2010).
Purification, characterization, structural analysis and protein chemistry of a buffalo heart galectin-1.
  Amino Acids, 39, 1321-1332.  
19444247 G.R.Vasta (2009).
Roles of galectins in infection.
  Nat Rev Microbiol, 7, 424-438.  
18763034 H.Ahmed, S.J.Du, and G.R.Vasta (2009).
Knockdown of a galectin-1-like protein in zebrafish (Danio rerio) causes defects in skeletal muscle development.
  Glycoconj J, 26, 277-283.  
19432560 M.C.Miller, I.V.Nesmelova, D.Platt, A.Klyosov, and K.H.Mayo (2009).
The carbohydrate-binding domain on galectin-1 is more extensive for a complex glycan than for simple saccharides: implications for galectin-glycan interactions at the cell surface.
  Biochem J, 421, 211-221.  
19756298 R.D.Cummings (2009).
The repertoire of glycan determinants in the human glycome.
  Mol Biosyst, 5, 1087-1104.  
19103599 S.R.Stowell, M.Cho, C.L.Feasley, C.M.Arthur, X.Song, J.K.Colucci, S.Karmakar, P.Mehta, M.Dias-Baruffi, R.P.McEver, and R.D.Cummings (2009).
Ligand reduces galectin-1 sensitivity to oxidative inactivation by enhancing dimer formation.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 4989-4999.  
18320588 D.Zhou, H.Ge, J.Sun, Y.Gao, M.Teng, and L.Niu (2008).
Crystal structure of the C-terminal conserved domain of human GRP, a galectin-related protein, reveals a function mode different from those of galectins.
  Proteins, 71, 1582-1588.
PDB code: 3b9c
18457568 E.M.Rapoport, O.V.Kurmyshkina, and N.V.Bovin (2008).
Mammalian galectins: structure, carbohydrate specificity, and functions.
  Biochemistry (Mosc), 73, 393-405.  
18448074 H.Ahmed, and G.R.Vasta (2008).
Unlike mammalian GRIFIN, the zebrafish homologue (DrGRIFIN) represents a functional carbohydrate-binding galectin.
  Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 371, 350-355.  
18607388 L.A.Earl, and L.G.Baum (2008).
CD45 glycosylation controls T-cell life and death.
  Immunol Cell Biol, 86, 608-615.  
18433051 M.A.Wälti, S.Thore, M.Aebi, and M.Künzler (2008).
Crystal structure of the putative carbohydrate recognition domain of human galectin-related protein.
  Proteins, 72, 804-808.
PDB code: 2jj6
18520064 M.Tamura, K.Kasai, T.Itagaki, T.Nonaka, and Y.Arata (2008).
Identification of a second, non-conserved amino acid that contributes to the unique sugar binding properties of the nematode galectin LEC-1.
  Biol Pharm Bull, 31, 1254-1257.  
18258591 S.Bi, L.A.Earl, L.Jacobs, and L.G.Baum (2008).
Structural features of galectin-9 and galectin-1 that determine distinct T cell death pathways.
  J Biol Chem, 283, 12248-12258.  
17978468 Y.Arata, N.Ishii, M.Tamura, T.Nonaka, and K.Kasai (2007).
Identification of the amino acid residue in the nematode galectin LEC-1 responsible for its unique sugar binding property: analysis by combination of site-directed mutagenesis and frontal affinity chromatography.
  Biol Pharm Bull, 30, 2012-2017.  
16972013 T.Shirai, C.Shionyu-Mitsuyama, T.Ogawa, and K.Muramoto (2006).
Structure based studies of the adaptive diversification process of congerins.
  Mol Divers, 10, 567-573.  
15165858 C.A.Bewley, M.Cai, S.Ray, R.Ghirlando, M.Yamaguchi, and K.Muramoto (2004).
New carbohydrate specificity and HIV-1 fusion blocking activity of the cyanobacterial protein MVL: NMR, ITC and sedimentation equilibrium studies.
  J Mol Biol, 339, 901-914.  
15465324 G.R.Vasta, H.Ahmed, and E.W.Odom (2004).
Structural and functional diversity of lectin repertoires in invertebrates, protochordates and ectothermic vertebrates.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 14, 617-630.  
14997539 M.S.Sujatha, and P.V.Balaji (2004).
Identification of common structural features of binding sites in galactose-specific proteins.
  Proteins, 55, 44-65.  
15009185 N.G.Than, E.Pick, S.Bellyei, A.Szigeti, O.Burger, Z.Berente, T.Janaky, A.Boronkai, H.Kliman, H.Meiri, H.Bohn, G.N.Than, and B.Sumegi (2004).
Functional analyses of placental protein 13/galectin-13.
  Eur J Biochem, 271, 1065-1078.  
12554954 D.D.Leonidas, B.M.Swamy, A.G.Bhat, S.R.Inamdar, M.N.Kosmopoulou, E.D.Chrysina, and N.G.Oikonomakos (2003).
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of Sclerotium rolfsii lectin.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 59, 363-365.  
12829506 L.He, S.André, H.C.Siebert, H.Helmholz, B.Niemeyer, and H.J.Gabius (2003).
Detection of ligand- and solvent-induced shape alterations of cell-growth-regulatory human lectin galectin-1 in solution by small angle neutron and x-ray scattering.
  Biophys J, 85, 511-524.  
14517974 M.G.Ford, T.Weimar, T.Köhli, and R.J.Woods (2003).
Molecular dynamics simulations of galectin-1-oligosaccharide complexes reveal the molecular basis for ligand diversity.
  Proteins, 53, 229-240.  
11880627 J.S.Richardson, and D.C.Richardson (2002).
Natural beta-sheet proteins use negative design to avoid edge-to-edge aggregation.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99, 2754-2759.  
11846886 K.Scott, and J.Zhang (2002).
Partial identification by site-directed mutagenesis of a cell growth inhibitory site on the human galectin-1 molecule.
  BMC Cell Biol, 3, 3.  
10944393 H.Ponstingl, K.Henrick, and J.M.Thornton (2000).
Discriminating between homodimeric and monomeric proteins in the crystalline state.
  Proteins, 41, 47-57.  
10813833 H.Zhang, K.Huang, Z.Li, L.Banerjei, K.E.Fisher, N.V.Grishin, E.Eisenstein, and O.Herzberg (2000).
Crystal structure of YbaK protein from Haemophilus influenzae (HI1434) at 1.8 A resolution: functional implications.
  Proteins, 40, 86-97.
PDB codes: 1dbu 1dbx
10861929 M.A.Bianchet, H.Ahmed, G.R.Vasta, and L.M.Amzel (2000).
Soluble beta-galactosyl-binding lectin (galectin) from toad ovary: crystallographic studies of two protein-sugar complexes.
  Proteins, 40, 378-388.
PDB codes: 1a78 1gan
  10338018 E.García-Hernández, and A.Hernández-Arana (1999).
Structural bases of lectin-carbohydrate affinities: comparison with protein-folding energetics.
  Protein Sci, 8, 1075-1086.  
10520997 G.Rudenko, T.Nguyen, Y.Chelliah, T.C.Südhof, and J.Deisenhofer (1999).
The structure of the ligand-binding domain of neurexin Ibeta: regulation of LNS domain function by alternative splicing.
  Cell, 99, 93.
PDB code: 1c4r
10508764 J.Bouckaert, T.Hamelryck, L.Wyns, and R.Loris (1999).
Novel structures of plant lectins and their complexes with carbohydrates.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 9, 572-577.  
10508773 J.M.Rini, and Y.D.Lobsanov (1999).
New animal lectin structures.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 9, 578-584.  
10090286 M.M.Prabu, K.Suguna, and M.Vijayan (1999).
Variability in quaternary association of proteins with the same tertiary fold: a case study and rationalization involving legume lectins.
  Proteins, 35, 58-69.  
10545323 T.Shirai, C.Mitsuyama, Y.Niwa, Y.Matsui, H.Hotta, T.Yamane, H.Kamiya, C.Ishii, T.Ogawa, and K.Muramoto (1999).
High-resolution structure of the conger eel galectin, congerin I, in lactose-liganded and ligand-free forms: emergence of a new structure class by accelerated evolution.
  Structure, 7, 1223-1233.
PDB codes: 1c1f 1c1l
9687369 A.C.Martin, C.A.Orengo, E.G.Hutchinson, S.Jones, M.Karmirantzou, R.A.Laskowski, J.B.Mitchell, C.Taroni, and J.M.Thornton (1998).
Protein folds and functions.
  Structure, 6, 875-884.  
9760227 D.D.Leonidas, E.H.Vatzaki, H.Vorum, J.E.Celis, P.Madsen, and K.R.Acharya (1998).
Structural basis for the recognition of carbohydrates by human galectin-7.
  Biochemistry, 37, 13930-13940.
PDB codes: 1bkz 2gal 3gal 4gal 5gal
9558320 F.P.Schwarz, H.Ahmed, M.A.Bianchet, L.M.Amzel, and G.R.Vasta (1998).
Thermodynamics of bovine spleen galectin-1 binding to disaccharides: correlation with structure and its effect on oligomerization at the denaturation temperature.
  Biochemistry, 37, 5867-5877.  
9521730 R.Y.Yang, P.N.Hill, D.K.Hsu, and F.T.Liu (1998).
Role of the carboxyl-terminal lectin domain in self-association of galectin-3.
  Biochemistry, 37, 4086-4092.  
  9234729 A.Vyakarnam, S.F.Dagher, J.L.Wang, and R.J.Patterson (1997).
Evidence for a role for galectin-1 in pre-mRNA splicing.
  Mol Cell Biol, 17, 4730-4737.  
9345620 C.S.Wright (1997).
New folds of plant lectins.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 7, 631-636.  
9363750 H.C.Siebert, R.Adar, R.Arango, M.Burchert, H.Kaltner, G.Kayser, E.Tajkhorshid, C.W.von der Lieth, R.Kaptein, N.Sharon, J.F.Vliegenthart, and H.J.Gabius (1997).
Involvement of laser photo-CIDNP (chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization)-reactive amino acid side chains in ligand binding by galactoside-specific lectins in solution.
  Eur J Biochem, 249, 27-38.  
9057819 H.J.Gabius (1997).
Animal lectins.
  Eur J Biochem, 243, 543-576.  
9334741 T.C.Umland, L.M.Wingert, S.Swaminathan, W.F.Furey, J.J.Schmidt, and M.Sax (1997).
Structure of the receptor binding fragment HC of tetanus neurotoxin.
  Nat Struct Biol, 4, 788-792.
PDB code: 1af9
8855944 M.Cho, and R.D.Cummings (1996).
Characterization of monomeric forms of galectin-1 generated by site-directed mutagenesis.
  Biochemistry, 35, 13081-13088.  
8885835 M.Muraki, K.Harata, N.Sugita, and K.Sato (1996).
Origin of carbohydrate recognition specificity of human lysozyme revealed by affinity labeling.
  Biochemistry, 35, 13562-13567.
PDB codes: 1rex 1rey 1rez
8916925 P.E.Johnson, M.D.Joshi, P.Tomme, D.G.Kilburn, and L.P.McIntosh (1996).
Structure of the N-terminal cellulose-binding domain of Cellulomonas fimi CenC determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
  Biochemistry, 35, 14381-14394.
PDB codes: 1ulo 1ulp
8774711 R.Adar, and N.Sharon (1996).
Mutational studies of the amino acid residues in the combining site of Erythrina corallodendron lectin.
  Eur J Biochem, 239, 668-674.  
8706686 S.Rosén, M.Kata, Y.Persson, P.H.Lipniunas, M.Wikström, M.J.Van Den Hondel, J.Van Den Brink, L.Rask, L.O.Hedén, and A.Tunlid (1996).
Molecular characterization of a saline-soluble lectin from a parasitic fungus. Extensive sequence similarities between fungal lectins.
  Eur J Biochem, 238, 822-829.  
8962033 T.L.Blundell, and N.Srinivasan (1996).
Symmetry, stability, and dynamics of multidomain and multicomponent protein systems.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93, 14243-14248.  
8747464 D.D.Leonidas, B.L.Elbert, Z.Zhou, H.Leffler, S.J.Ackerman, and K.R.Acharya (1995).
Crystal structure of human Charcot-Leyden crystal protein, an eosinophil lysophospholipase, identifies it as a new member of the carbohydrate-binding family of galectins.
  Structure, 3, 1379-1393.
PDB code: 1lcl
  7655085 D.Fowlis, C.Colnot, M.A.Ripoche, and F.Poirier (1995).
Galectin-3 is expressed in the notochord, developing bones, and skin of the postimplantation mouse embryo.
  Dev Dyn, 203, 241-251.  
8749360 D.I.Stuart, and E.Y.Jones (1995).
Recognition at the cell surface: recent structural insights.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 5, 735-743.  
8574697 J.M.Rini (1995).
X-ray crystal structures of animal lectins.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 5, 617-621.  
8574696 K.Drickamer (1995).
Increasing diversity of animal lectin structures.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 5, 612-616.  
7869048 L.G.Baum, M.Pang, N.L.Perillo, T.Wu, A.Delegeane, C.H.Uittenbogaart, M.Fukuda, and J.J.Seilhamer (1995).
Human thymic epithelial cells express an endogenous lectin, galectin-1, which binds to core 2 O-glycans on thymocytes and T lymphoblastoid cells.
  J Exp Med, 181, 877-887.  
8575449 M.Menéndez, M.Gasset, J.Laynez, C.López-Zumel, P.Usobiaga, E.Töpfer-Petersen, and J.J.Calvete (1995).
Analysis of the structural organization and thermal stability of two spermadhesins. Calorimetric, circular dichroic and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic studies.
  Eur J Biochem, 234, 887-896.  
7881905 G.E.Norris, T.J.Stillman, B.F.Anderson, and E.N.Baker (1994).
The three-dimensional structure of PNGase F, a glycosylasparaginase from Flavobacterium meningosepticum.
  Structure, 2, 1049-1059.
PDB code: 1pgs
  7987210 H.J.Hoppe, and K.B.Reid (1994).
Collectins--soluble proteins containing collagenous regions and lectin domains--and their roles in innate immunity.
  Protein Sci, 3, 1143-1158.  
7937731 L.Holm, and C.Sander (1994).
Searching protein structure databases has come of age.
  Proteins, 19, 165-173.  
7881902 N.Srinivasan, H.E.White, J.Emsley, S.P.Wood, M.B.Pepys, and T.L.Blundell (1994).
Comparative analyses of pentraxins: implications for protomer assembly and ligand binding.
  Structure, 2, 1017-1027.
PDB codes: 1crv 1has 1lim
7922030 S.Crennell, E.Garman, G.Laver, E.Vimr, and G.Taylor (1994).
Crystal structure of Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase reveals dual lectin-like domains in addition to the catalytic domain.
  Structure, 2, 535-544.
PDB code: 1kit
The most recent references are shown first. Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be only a partial list as not all journals are covered by either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data so more and more references will be included with time. Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB code is shown on the right.

 

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