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"study-abstract": "This study examined the microbial and chemical signatures of indoor surfaces that are periodically wet: kitchen sinks and bathroom shower tiles. Removable surfaces were installed in a home and subject to typical household conditions for one month. Both DNA and RNA from the surfaces were isolated, and 16S and ITS amplicons were generated to target the bacterial and fungal communities, respectively.",
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"study-abstract": "Space travel is associated with continuous low-dose-rate exposure to high Linear Energy Transfer (LET) radiation. Pathophysiological manifestations after low-dose radiation exposure are strongly influenced by non-cytocidal radiation effects including microbiome and cellular gene expression. Using a mouse model for exposure to high LET radiation, we observed substantial changes in the composition and functional potential of the microbiome. These were paralleled by changes in the abundance of multiple metabolites, which were related to the enzymatic activity of the altered metagenome by means of metabolic network modeling. There was a complex dynamic in microbial and metabolic composition at different radiation doses, suggestive of transient, dose-dependent interactions between microbial ecology and signals from the hosts cellular damage repair processes. Functional shifts included features associated with dysbiosis at the onset of chronic inflammatory responses, which could pre-dispose space travelers to systemic, long-term health risks.",
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"study-abstract": "Our study focuses on the hardiest microorganisms inhabiting the ISS, in order to assess their diversity, and capabilities to resist certain stresses. We specifically selected dust samples from the Russian modules that were obtained 8-10 years ago, and stored since then under sealed conditions on Earth. Targeting long-time survivors and spore-forming microorganisms, we assessed consequently the cultivable microbial community of these samples, in order to obtain model microbial strains that could help to analyze specific adaptation towards environmental stresses, such as desiccation and lack of nutrients. In this study, we analyzed these microorganisms with respect to their resistance towards thermal stress and exposure to clinically relevant antibiotics. In addition, we assessed the bacterial and archaeal community via molecular methods (NGS sequencing) and compared our new data with the previously derived information from the ISS microbiome.",
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"study-abstract": "We report how high and low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, microgravity, and elevated dietary iron affect colon microbiota (determined by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing) and colon function. Three independent experiments were conducted: 1) fractionated low LET ? radiation (137Cs, 3 Gy, RAD), high Fe diet (IRON) (650 mg/kg diet), and a combination of low LET ? radiation and high Fe diet (IRON+RAD) in male Sprague-Dawley rats; 2) high LET 38Si particle exposure (0.050 Gy), 1/6 G partial weight bearing (PWB), and a combination of high LET38Si particle exposure and PWB in female BalbC/ByJ mice; and 3) 13 d spaceflight in female C57BL/6 mice. For each experiment, the colon was resected and feces removed for microbial sequencing analysis on a Roche 454 Genome Sequencer FLX Titanium instrument (Microbiome Core Facility, Chapel Hill NC) using the GS FLX Titanium XLR70 sequencing reagents and protocols. Analysis of amplicon sequencing data was carried out using the QIIME pipeline. Low LET radiation, high iron diet, and spaceflight increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes. Low LET radiation, high Fe diet, and spaceflight did not significantly affect diversity or richness, or elevate pathogenic genera. Spaceflight increased Clostridiales and decreased Lactobacillales, and similar trends were observed in the experiment using a ground-based model of microgravity, suggesting altered gravity may affect colonic microbiota. Microbiota characteriztion in these models is a first step in understanding the impact of the space environment on intestinal health. Overall design: Phylogenetic characterizaiton of fecal microbiota from a total of 49 mouse and rat fecal samples (18 and 31 samples, respectively, no replicates)",
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