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                "secondary-accession": "SRP026010",
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                "study-abstract": "The Atacama Desert is one of the driest deserts in the world and its soil characterized by extremely low moisture, organic carbon content, and oxidizing conditions has been considered to be at the dry limit for life. We collected soil samples from 3 geographic locations in the hyper-arid zone of the Atacama Desert, and from 3 locations along a North-South transect of increasing rainfall, to identify what factors might shape the diversity of its soil microbiome. Analyses of non-culture based, high throughput DNA sequence data revealed that communities from the 6 geographic locations were structurally and phylogenetically distinct (ANOVA test for observed OTU0.03, p<0.001; UniFrac distances) and that communities from locations in the hyper-arid zone displayed the lowest levels of diversity. We found bacterial taxa similar to those found in other arid soil communities with an abundance of Rubrobacterales, Actinomycetales, Acidimicrobiales, and a number of families from the Thermoleophilia. The extremely low abundance of Firmicutes, the phylum that comprises most sporulating bacteria, indicated that most bacteria in the soil were in the form of vegetative cells. No archaea were found in an of the soil samples. Integrating molecular data with climate and soil geochemistry, we found that air relative humidity (RH) and soil conductivity significantly correlated with microbial communities diversity metrics (least square linear regression for observed OTU0.03 and air RH and soil conductivity, p<0.001; UniFrac PCoA spearman’s correlation for air RH and soil conductivity, p<0.0001), indicating that water availability and salt content are key factors in shaping the Atacama soil microbiome. Mineralization studies showed communities actively metabolizing in all soil samples with increased rates in soils from the southern locations. These findings suggest that over geological time, and due to rare rain events, physicochemical factors potentially played a major role in selecting microorganisms that are most adapted to extreme desiccating conditions.",
                "study-name": "Colonization patterns of soil microbial communities in the Atacama Desert",
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                "secondary-accession": "SRP033099",
                "centre-name": "University of New Mexico",
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                "study-abstract": "A 16S rDNA sequencing approach was used to examine the differences in diversity and community composition between three divergent soil habitats of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica.",
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                "centre-name": "Jiangsu academy of Agricultral Sciences",
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                "study-abstract": "Bacterial amplicon libraries were prepared by amplifying the V3-V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA genes with the primer pair of 341F and 805R. 23 soil samples, with or without agricultural reclamation, were collected from the Tengger desert. CON, the soil collected from the open field without agricultural management, the control; PLT, the soil collected from the site 10 cm apart from the planta; FTL, the soil collected from the site on the fertilization furrow, 50 cm apart from the planta.",
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                "last-update": "2019-11-07T16:49:35",
                "secondary-accession": "SRP049194",
                "centre-name": "Arizona State University",
                "public-release-date": null,
                "study-abstract": "Understand response of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms to nitrogen fertilization in arid land soils",
                "study-name": "Sonoran Desert soil Targeted Locus (Loci)",
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                "secondary-accession": "SRP047100",
                "centre-name": "University of Jammu",
                "public-release-date": null,
                "study-abstract": "Targetted geno-diversity Of lipase genes in cold desert Of Drass (Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir)",
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                "secondary-accession": "SRP044000",
                "centre-name": "Centre of Microbial Ecology and Genomics",
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                "study-abstract": "Bacterial community data (cDNA; 16S rRNA gene) from desert soil samples (Namib) taken over the course of a 5 day period in April 2013 and representative of the diurnal cycle (morning, midday, night).",
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                "secondary-accession": "SRP041239",
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                "study-abstract": "Kutch Desert Metagenome is initiated as part of Project-151 of Gujarat Genomics Initiative, GSBTM, DST, Government of Gujarat, India",
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                "secondary-accession": "SRP029316",
                "centre-name": "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences",
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                "study-abstract": "Microbial communities in BSCs.  The sample was in the topmost 2-3 mm layers of the desert soil.",
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                "centre-name": "Gujarat Biodiversity Gene Bank, GSBTM, DST, Government of Gujarat , India",
                "public-release-date": null,
                "study-abstract": "Kutch Desert Metagenome is initiated as part of Project-151 of Gujarat Genomics Initiative, GSBTM, DST, Government of Gujarat, India.  Saline desert soil sample was collected from Desert of Kutch, India.",
                "study-name": "Saline Desert S1 Metagenome",
                "data-origination": "HARVESTED"
            },
            "relationships": {
                "downloads": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000772/downloads?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "publications": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000772/publications?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "geocoordinates": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000772/geocoordinates?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "analyses": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000772/analyses?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "samples": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000772/samples?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "biomes": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000772/biomes?format=api"
                    },
                    "data": [
                        {
                            "type": "biomes",
                            "id": "root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert",
                            "links": {
                                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/biomes/root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert?format=api"
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            "links": {
                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000772?format=api"
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "studies",
            "id": "MGYS00000771",
            "attributes": {
                "bioproject": "PRJNA189997",
                "samples-count": 1,
                "accession": "MGYS00000771",
                "is-private": false,
                "last-update": "2019-11-07T16:49:20",
                "secondary-accession": "SRP026071",
                "centre-name": "Gujarat Biodiversity Gene Bank, GSBTM, DST, Government of Gujarat , India",
                "public-release-date": null,
                "study-abstract": "Kutch Desert Metagenome is initiated as part of Project-151 of Gujarat Genomics Initiative, GSBTM, DST, Government of Gujarat, India.  Saline desert soil sample was collected from Desert of Kutch, India.",
                "study-name": "Saline Desert S2 Metagenome",
                "data-origination": "HARVESTED"
            },
            "relationships": {
                "downloads": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000771/downloads?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "publications": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000771/publications?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "geocoordinates": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000771/geocoordinates?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "analyses": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000771/analyses?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "samples": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000771/samples?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "biomes": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000771/biomes?format=api"
                    },
                    "data": [
                        {
                            "type": "biomes",
                            "id": "root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert",
                            "links": {
                                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/biomes/root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert?format=api"
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            "links": {
                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000771?format=api"
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "studies",
            "id": "MGYS00000706",
            "attributes": {
                "bioproject": "PRJNA170203",
                "samples-count": 1,
                "accession": "MGYS00000706",
                "is-private": false,
                "last-update": "2019-11-07T16:49:18",
                "secondary-accession": "SRP014310",
                "centre-name": "University of Arizona",
                "public-release-date": null,
                "study-abstract": "Soil and Rhizosphere samples taken from the Sonoran Desert in and around Tucson, Arizona,",
                "study-name": "Sonoran Desert Targeted Locus (Loci)",
                "data-origination": "HARVESTED"
            },
            "relationships": {
                "downloads": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000706/downloads?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "publications": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000706/publications?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "geocoordinates": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000706/geocoordinates?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "analyses": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000706/analyses?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "samples": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000706/samples?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "biomes": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000706/biomes?format=api"
                    },
                    "data": [
                        {
                            "type": "biomes",
                            "id": "root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert",
                            "links": {
                                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/biomes/root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert?format=api"
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            "links": {
                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000706?format=api"
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "studies",
            "id": "MGYS00000697",
            "attributes": {
                "bioproject": "PRJNA175234",
                "samples-count": 4,
                "accession": "MGYS00000697",
                "is-private": false,
                "last-update": "2019-11-07T16:49:16",
                "secondary-accession": "SRP015755",
                "centre-name": "University of Pretoria",
                "public-release-date": null,
                "study-abstract": "The surface of hyperarid deserts is often paved with quartz rocks. These rocks are colonized by assemblages of photosynthetic microbial communities. Members of these communities, called hypoliths, are expected to represent a significant input source of Carbon and Nitrogen within this desert and other depauperate environs. The development and assembly mechanisms for these communities is yet to be fully understood. Here we aim to investigate hypolith assembly and development patterns.",
                "study-name": "Antarctic Soil Hypolithic Samples Metagenome",
                "data-origination": "HARVESTED"
            },
            "relationships": {
                "downloads": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000697/downloads?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "publications": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000697/publications?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "geocoordinates": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000697/geocoordinates?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "analyses": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000697/analyses?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "samples": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000697/samples?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "biomes": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000697/biomes?format=api"
                    },
                    "data": [
                        {
                            "type": "biomes",
                            "id": "root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert",
                            "links": {
                                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/biomes/root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert?format=api"
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            "links": {
                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000697?format=api"
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "studies",
            "id": "MGYS00003786",
            "attributes": {
                "bioproject": "PRJEB18617",
                "samples-count": 2,
                "accession": "MGYS00003786",
                "is-private": false,
                "last-update": "2019-02-19T16:41:04",
                "secondary-accession": "ERP020560",
                "centre-name": "UCSDMI",
                "public-release-date": null,
                "study-abstract": "Interrogation soil microbial community from arid and semiarid regions of the Thar Desert is essential. Until recently the studies on Thar desert soil microbes mostly focused on cultivation alone. Here we use culture independent approach. T-RFLP result shows that there is a significant difference among arid and semiarid soil bacterial communities, they clustered according to the sample type arid-soil, semi-arid soil, sand dune. Our clone library showed difference in the bacterial communities among arid-soil, semi-arid soil, sand dune respectively.",
                "study-name": "Environmental metagenomic interrogation of Thar desert microbial communities",
                "data-origination": "SUBMITTED"
            },
            "relationships": {
                "downloads": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00003786/downloads?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "publications": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00003786/publications?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "geocoordinates": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00003786/geocoordinates?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "analyses": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00003786/analyses?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "samples": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00003786/samples?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "biomes": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00003786/biomes?format=api"
                    },
                    "data": [
                        {
                            "type": "biomes",
                            "id": "root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert",
                            "links": {
                                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/biomes/root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert?format=api"
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            "links": {
                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00003786?format=api"
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "studies",
            "id": "MGYS00001448",
            "attributes": {
                "bioproject": "PRJEB19255",
                "samples-count": 18,
                "accession": "MGYS00001448",
                "is-private": false,
                "last-update": "2017-02-10T13:10:40",
                "secondary-accession": "ERP021246",
                "centre-name": "FREIE UNIVERSIT*T BERLIN",
                "public-release-date": null,
                "study-abstract": "1.\\tNurse plants promote establishment of other plant species by buffering climate extremes and improving soil properties. Soil biota plays an important role, but an analysis to disentangle the effects of soil microorganisms, soil properties and microclimate on facilitation is lacking. \\n2.\\tIn three microhabitats (gaps, small and large Retama shrubs), we placed 6 microcosms with sterilized soil, two per soil origin (i.e., from each microhabitat). One in every pair received an alive, and the other a sterile, inoculum from its own soil. Seeds of annual plants were sown into the microcosms. Germination, survival and biomass were monitored. Soil bacterial communities were characterized by pyrosequencing. \\n3.\\tGermination in living Retama inoculum was nearly double that of germination in sterile inoculum. Germination was greater under Retama canopies than in gaps. Biomass was up to three times higher in nurse than in gap soils. Soil microorganisms, soil properties and microclimate showed a range of positive to negative effects on understory plants depending on species identity and life stage.\\n4.\\tNurse soil microorganisms promoted germination, but the effect was smaller than the positive effects of soil properties and microclimate under nurses. Nurse belowground environment (soil properties and microorganisms) promoted plant growth and survival more than nurse microhabitat.",
                "study-name": "Disentangling facilitation drivers in arid environments: the role of soil microorganisms",
                "data-origination": "SUBMITTED"
            },
            "relationships": {
                "downloads": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001448/downloads?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "publications": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001448/publications?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "geocoordinates": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001448/geocoordinates?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "analyses": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001448/analyses?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "samples": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001448/samples?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "biomes": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001448/biomes?format=api"
                    },
                    "data": [
                        {
                            "type": "biomes",
                            "id": "root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert",
                            "links": {
                                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/biomes/root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert?format=api"
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            "links": {
                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001448?format=api"
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "studies",
            "id": "MGYS00001421",
            "attributes": {
                "bioproject": "PRJEB12644",
                "samples-count": 2,
                "accession": "MGYS00001421",
                "is-private": false,
                "last-update": "2017-01-16T10:06:19",
                "secondary-accession": "ERP014140",
                "centre-name": "TUGRAZ",
                "public-release-date": null,
                "study-abstract": "BACKGROUND: To convert deserts into arable, green landscapes is a global vision, and desert farming is a strong growing area of agriculture world-wide. However, its effect on diversity of soil microbial communities, which are responsible for important ecosystem services like plant health, is still not known. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We studied the impact of long-term agriculture on desert soil in one of the most prominent examples for organic desert farming in Sekem (Egypt). Using a polyphasic methodological approach to analyse microbial communities in soil as well as associated with cultivated plants, drastic effects caused by 30 years of agriculture were detected. Analysing bacterial fingerprints, we found statistically significant differences between agricultural and native desert soil of about 60%. A pyrosequencing-based analysis of the 16S rRNA gene regions showed higher diversity in agricultural than in desert soil (Shannon diversity indices: 11.21/7.90), and displayed structural differences. The proportion of Firmicutes in field soil was significantly higher (37%) than in the desert (11%). Bacillus and Paenibacillus play the key role: they represented 96% of the antagonists towards phytopathogens, and identical 16S rRNA sequences in the amplicon library and for isolates were detected. The proportion of antagonistic strains was doubled in field in comparison to desert soil (21.6%/12.4%); disease-suppressive bacteria were especially enriched in plant roots. On the opposite, several extremophilic bacterial groups, e.g., Acidimicrobium, Rubellimicrobium and Deinococcus-Thermus, disappeared from soil after agricultural use. The N-fixing Herbaspirillum group only occurred in desert soil. Soil bacterial communities were strongly driven by the a-biotic factors water supply and pH. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: After long-term farming, a drastic shift in the bacterial communities in desert soil was observed. Bacterial communities in agricultural soil showed a higher diversity and a better ecosystem function for plant health but a loss of extremophilic bacteria. Interestingly, we detected that indigenous desert microorganisms promoted plant health in desert agro-ecosystems.",
                "study-name": "Desert farming benefits from microbial potential in arid soils and promotes diversity and plant health",
                "data-origination": "SUBMITTED"
            },
            "relationships": {
                "downloads": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001421/downloads?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "publications": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001421/publications?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "geocoordinates": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001421/geocoordinates?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "analyses": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001421/analyses?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "samples": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001421/samples?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "biomes": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001421/biomes?format=api"
                    },
                    "data": [
                        {
                            "type": "biomes",
                            "id": "root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert",
                            "links": {
                                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/biomes/root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert?format=api"
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            "links": {
                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001421?format=api"
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "studies",
            "id": "MGYS00001293",
            "attributes": {
                "bioproject": "PRJEB16731",
                "samples-count": 47,
                "accession": "MGYS00001293",
                "is-private": false,
                "last-update": "2016-11-03T09:54:15",
                "secondary-accession": "ERP018585",
                "centre-name": "Max Planck Institute for Chemistry",
                "public-release-date": null,
                "study-abstract": "Biological soil crusts play vital roles in dryland regions that cover over 35% of the Earth´s land mass, including 24% of Europe. They provide important ecosystem services such as limitation of soil erosion, retention of water,  improving soil fertility and nitrogen and carbon fixation.",
                "study-name": "Biological soil crusts, Southern Spain",
                "data-origination": "SUBMITTED"
            },
            "relationships": {
                "downloads": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001293/downloads?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "publications": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001293/publications?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "geocoordinates": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001293/geocoordinates?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "analyses": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001293/analyses?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "samples": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001293/samples?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "biomes": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001293/biomes?format=api"
                    },
                    "data": [
                        {
                            "type": "biomes",
                            "id": "root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert",
                            "links": {
                                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/biomes/root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert?format=api"
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            "links": {
                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00001293?format=api"
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "studies",
            "id": "MGYS00000865",
            "attributes": {
                "bioproject": "PRJNA196744",
                "samples-count": 31,
                "accession": "MGYS00000865",
                "is-private": false,
                "last-update": "2016-05-09T15:49:19",
                "secondary-accession": "SRP021040",
                "centre-name": "UMIGS",
                "public-release-date": null,
                "study-abstract": "The Atacama Desert is one of the oldest and driest deserts in the world and its hyper-arid core is described as ?the most barren region imaginable?. Under these extreme moisture, thermal, and solar radiation stress, habitats inside halite pinnacles harbour flourishing microbial communities. We use a combination of high-throughput sequencing and microscopy methods to characterize the microbial assemblages of halites collected in several areas of the desert. We found communities dominated by Archaea and relying on a single phylotype of Halothece cyanobacteria for primary production. A few other phylotypes of salt-adapted bacteria and archaea, including Salinibacter, Halorhabdus, and Halococcus were major components of the halite communities indicating specific adaptations to the unique halite environments. Multivariate statistical analyses of diversity metrics clearly separated the halite communities from that of the surrounding soil and revealed a distribution patterns of halite communities strongly correlated to atmospheric moisture. Communities from halites exposed to costal fogs were more diverse than halites from the Yungay area, in both their archaeal and bacterial assemblages, and were colonized by a novel algae related to oceanic picoplankton of the Mamiellales. In contrast, we did not find any algae in the Yungay pinnacles suggesting that the environmental conditions in this habitat might be at the limit for eukaryotic life.",
                "study-name": "Drivers of Diversity for Microbial Communities Inhabiting Halites from the Hyper-arid Zone of the Atacama Desert",
                "data-origination": "HARVESTED"
            },
            "relationships": {
                "downloads": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000865/downloads?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "publications": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000865/publications?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "geocoordinates": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000865/geocoordinates?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "analyses": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000865/analyses?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "samples": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000865/samples?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "biomes": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000865/biomes?format=api"
                    },
                    "data": [
                        {
                            "type": "biomes",
                            "id": "root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert",
                            "links": {
                                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/biomes/root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert?format=api"
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            "links": {
                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000865?format=api"
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "studies",
            "id": "MGYS00000802",
            "attributes": {
                "bioproject": "PRJEB13455",
                "samples-count": 4,
                "accession": "MGYS00000802",
                "is-private": false,
                "last-update": "2016-05-03T11:27:56",
                "secondary-accession": "ERP015013",
                "centre-name": "Max Planck Institute for Chemistry",
                "public-release-date": null,
                "study-abstract": "Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) play vital roles in dryland regions that cover over 35% of the Earth?s land mass, including 24% of Europe. They provide important ecosystem services such as limitation of soil erosion, retention of water, improving soil fertility, and nitrogen and carbon fixation. Here, we present a characterization of the prokaryotic components of European biocrusts, particularly in light of the fact that biocrusts are very susceptible to land use change, long-term farming and chronic physical disturbance. Knowledge of soil microorganisms is rarely considered within the context of biodiversity management, although the diversity and services provided by soil biota are of decisive importance for intact ecosystem function. Secondly, a rehabilitation study was carried out in order to investigate the recovery processes of biocrusts in response to anthropogenic perturbation. The successional pattern of recovery was assessed in the form of returning organisms including bacteria, fungi, algae, lichens, bryophytes and higher plants.",
                "study-name": "Diversity and rehabilitation of prokaryotic communities of European biological soil crusts",
                "data-origination": "SUBMITTED"
            },
            "relationships": {
                "downloads": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000802/downloads?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "publications": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000802/publications?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "geocoordinates": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000802/geocoordinates?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "analyses": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000802/analyses?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "samples": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000802/samples?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "biomes": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000802/biomes?format=api"
                    },
                    "data": [
                        {
                            "type": "biomes",
                            "id": "root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert",
                            "links": {
                                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/biomes/root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert?format=api"
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            "links": {
                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000802?format=api"
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "studies",
            "id": "MGYS00000712",
            "attributes": {
                "bioproject": "PRJEB13341",
                "samples-count": 6,
                "accession": "MGYS00000712",
                "is-private": false,
                "last-update": "2016-04-15T14:49:30",
                "secondary-accession": "ERP014897",
                "centre-name": "Max Planck Institute for Chemistry",
                "public-release-date": null,
                "study-abstract": "Desert soil- and rock-surface communities are of crucial importance in the global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen. In arid regions, nitrogen inputs depend on biological nitrogen fixation. Biological soil crusts contribute substantially to nitrogen fixation and act as net exporters of ammonium, nitrate and organic nitrogen to the underlying soil layers. Approximately half of the total biological nitrogen fixation on land is attributed to cryptogamic covers. Up to 70% of the fixed nitrogen can be released into the underlying soils and hence is available to other organisms. The N-cycle includes the assimilatory pathways dinitrogen fixation and nitrate assimilation. Some prokaryotes are capable of obtaining metabolic energy from nitrification and denitrification. Here, we studied the nitrogen cycling in biological soil crusts in Southern Spain.",
                "study-name": "Title : Biological soil crust  microbiota",
                "data-origination": "SUBMITTED"
            },
            "relationships": {
                "downloads": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000712/downloads?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "publications": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000712/publications?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "geocoordinates": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000712/geocoordinates?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "analyses": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000712/analyses?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "samples": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000712/samples?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "biomes": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000712/biomes?format=api"
                    },
                    "data": [
                        {
                            "type": "biomes",
                            "id": "root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert",
                            "links": {
                                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/biomes/root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert?format=api"
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            "links": {
                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000712?format=api"
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "studies",
            "id": "MGYS00000644",
            "attributes": {
                "bioproject": "PRJEB13142",
                "samples-count": 6,
                "accession": "MGYS00000644",
                "is-private": false,
                "last-update": "2016-03-30T10:32:59",
                "secondary-accession": "ERP014680",
                "centre-name": "Max Planck Institute for Chemistry",
                "public-release-date": null,
                "study-abstract": "Our study provides an insight into the microbial community structure associated with desert varnish, a coating found on exposed rock surfaces in arid environments. We characterize samples from the Mojave Desert, California, USA using whole-genome shotgut sequencing with a special focus on manganese-oxidizing species.",
                "study-name": "Desert varnish metagenome",
                "data-origination": "SUBMITTED"
            },
            "relationships": {
                "downloads": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000644/downloads?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "publications": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000644/publications?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "geocoordinates": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000644/geocoordinates?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "analyses": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000644/analyses?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "samples": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000644/samples?format=api"
                    }
                },
                "biomes": {
                    "links": {
                        "related": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000644/biomes?format=api"
                    },
                    "data": [
                        {
                            "type": "biomes",
                            "id": "root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert",
                            "links": {
                                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/biomes/root:Environmental:Terrestrial:Soil:Desert?format=api"
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            "links": {
                "self": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/api/v1/studies/MGYS00000644?format=api"
            }
        }
    ],
    "meta": {
        "pagination": {
            "page": 1,
            "pages": 1,
            "count": 21
        }
    }
}