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CHEBI:77850 - toxaphene
| ChEBI ID | CHEBI:77850 |
| ChEBI Name | toxaphene |
| Stars | |
| Definition | A highly complex mixture of several hundred polychlorinated compounds obtained by chlorination of camphene to an overall chlorine content of 67-69% by weight and having an overall empirical formula of C10H10Cl8 (including optical isomers, it could theoretically contain over 32,000 congeners). Toxaphene was used from the mid-1940s as an agricultural insecticide (mostly in the USA, particularly on corn and soybeans). Use increased with the phasing out of DDT in the 1970s (it became the most heavily manufactured pesticide in the US) but it is now banned due to concerns about toxicity and carcinogenicity. Total production since its first use is estimated at around 500,000 tons. In the environment, most of the components of toxaphene get metabolised, but from 10 to >100 resist biodegradation, depending on the medium and the specialisation of the enzyme system. Breathing, drinking or eating high levels of toxaphene can damage the lungs, kidneys, and nervous system. |
| Last Modified | 5 April 2018 |
| Submitter | Gareth Owen |
| Wikipedia |
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| Roles Classification |
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| Chemical Role: | persistent organic pollutant Any environmental contaminant that is resistant to environmental degradation through photolytic, biological or chemical processes. Such substances can have significant impact on health and the environment, as they persist in the environment, bioaccumulate in animal tissue and so biomagnify in food chains. |
| Biological Role: | carcinogenic agent A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities. |
| Applications: | insecticide Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects. agrochemical An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture. acaricide A substance used to destroy pests of the subclass Acari (mites and ticks). |
| ChEBI Ontology |
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| Outgoing Relation(s) |
| toxaphene (CHEBI:77850) has role acaricide (CHEBI:22153) |
| toxaphene (CHEBI:77850) has role agrochemical (CHEBI:33286) |
| toxaphene (CHEBI:77850) has role carcinogenic agent (CHEBI:50903) |
| toxaphene (CHEBI:77850) has role insecticide (CHEBI:24852) |
| toxaphene (CHEBI:77850) has role persistent organic pollutant (CHEBI:77853) |
| toxaphene (CHEBI:77850) is a mixture (CHEBI:60004) |
| Synonyms | Source |
|---|---|
| camphechlore | ChemIDplus |
| Toxaphen | ChemIDplus |
| camphechlor | ChemIDplus |
| chlorocamphene | ChemIDplus |
| chlorinated camphene | ChemIDplus |
| polychlorocamphene | ChemIDplus |
| Citations |
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