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Contents |
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* Residue conservation analysis
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Enzyme class 2:
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Chains A, B:
E.C.2.7.7.-
- ?????
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Enzyme class 3:
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Chains A, B:
E.C.2.7.7.49
- RNA-directed Dna polymerase.
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Reaction:
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DNA(n) + a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate = DNA(n+1) + diphosphate
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DNA(n)
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2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
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=
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DNA(n+1)
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+
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diphosphate
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Enzyme class 4:
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Chains A, B:
E.C.2.7.7.7
- DNA-directed Dna polymerase.
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Reaction:
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DNA(n) + a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate = DNA(n+1) + diphosphate
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DNA(n)
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+
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2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
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=
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DNA(n+1)
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+
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diphosphate
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Enzyme class 5:
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Chains A, B:
E.C.3.1.-.-
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Enzyme class 6:
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Chains A, B:
E.C.3.1.26.4
- ribonuclease H.
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Reaction:
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Endonucleolytic cleavage to 5'-phosphomonoester.
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Enzyme class 7:
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Chains A, B:
E.C.3.4.23.-
- ?????
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Note, where more than one E.C. class is given (as above), each may
correspond to a different protein domain or, in the case of polyprotein
precursors, to a different mature protein.
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Molecule diagrams generated from .mol files obtained from the
KEGG ftp site
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Nature
464:232-236
(2010)
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PubMed id:
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Retroviral intasome assembly and inhibition of DNA strand transfer.
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S.Hare,
S.S.Gupta,
E.Valkov,
A.Engelman,
P.Cherepanov.
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ABSTRACT
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Integrase is an essential retroviral enzyme that binds both termini of linear
viral DNA and inserts them into a host cell chromosome. The structure of
full-length retroviral integrase, either separately or in complex with DNA, has
been lacking. Furthermore, although clinically useful inhibitors of HIV
integrase have been developed, their mechanism of action remains speculative.
Here we present a crystal structure of full-length integrase from the prototype
foamy virus in complex with its cognate DNA. The structure shows the
organization of the retroviral intasome comprising an integrase tetramer tightly
associated with a pair of viral DNA ends. All three canonical integrase
structural domains are involved in extensive protein-DNA and protein-protein
interactions. The binding of strand-transfer inhibitors displaces the reactive
viral DNA end from the active site, disarming the viral nucleoprotein complex.
Our findings define the structural basis of retroviral DNA integration, and will
allow modelling of the HIV-1 intasome to aid in the development of
antiretroviral drugs.
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Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference
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PubMed id
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Reference
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A.Engelman,
and
P.Cherepanov
(2012).
The structural biology of HIV-1: mechanistic and therapeutic insights.
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| |
Nat Rev Microbiol,
10,
279-290.
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Y.Pommier,
and
C.Marchand
(2012).
Interfacial inhibitors: targeting macromolecular complexes.
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| |
Nat Rev Drug Discov,
11,
25-36.
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A.Levin,
H.Benyamini,
Z.Hayouka,
A.Friedler,
and
A.Loyter
(2011).
Peptides that bind the HIV-1 integrase and modulate its enzymatic activity--kinetic studies and mode of action.
|
| |
FEBS J,
278,
316-330.
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|
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B.Y.Nguyen,
R.D.Isaacs,
H.Teppler,
R.Y.Leavitt,
P.Sklar,
M.Iwamoto,
L.A.Wenning,
M.D.Miller,
J.Chen,
R.Kemp,
W.Xu,
R.A.Fromtling,
J.P.Vacca,
S.D.Young,
M.Rowley,
M.W.Lower,
K.M.Gottesdiener,
and
D.J.Hazuda
(2011).
Raltegravir: the first HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor in the HIV armamentarium.
|
| |
Ann N Y Acad Sci,
1222,
83-89.
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J.L.Blanco,
V.Varghese,
S.Y.Rhee,
J.M.Gatell,
and
R.W.Shafer
(2011).
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor resistance and its clinical implications.
|
| |
J Infect Dis,
203,
1204-1214.
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L.Q.Al-Mawsawi,
and
N.Neamati
(2011).
Allosteric inhibitor development targeting HIV-1 integrase.
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ChemMedChem,
6,
228-241.
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M.Huang,
G.H.Grant,
and
W.G.Richards
(2011).
Binding modes of diketo-acid inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase: A comparative molecular dynamics simulation study.
|
| |
J Mol Graph Model,
29,
956-964.
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M.Rinaldi,
C.Tintori,
L.Franchi,
G.Vignaroli,
A.Innitzer,
S.Massa,
J.A.Esté,
E.Gonzalo,
F.Christ,
Z.Debyser,
and
M.Botta
(2011).
A versatile and practical synthesis toward the development of novel HIV-1 integrase inhibitors.
|
| |
ChemMedChem,
6,
343-352.
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M.Rouffet,
and
S.M.Cohen
(2011).
Emerging trends in metalloprotein inhibition.
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Dalton Trans,
40,
3445-3454.
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N.C.Fitzkee,
D.A.Torchia,
and
A.Bax
(2011).
Measuring rapid hydrogen exchange in the homodimeric 36 kDa HIV-1 integrase catalytic core domain.
|
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Protein Sci,
20,
500-512.
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P.Cherepanov,
G.N.Maertens,
and
S.Hare
(2011).
Structural insights into the retroviral DNA integration apparatus.
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Curr Opin Struct Biol,
21,
249-256.
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P.Vandurm,
A.Guiguen,
C.Cauvin,
B.Georges,
K.Le Van,
C.Michaux,
C.Cardona,
G.Mbemba,
J.F.Mouscadet,
L.Hevesi,
C.Van Lint,
and
J.Wouters
(2011).
Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of quinolonyl diketo acid derivatives: new structural insight into the HIV-1 integrase inhibition.
|
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Eur J Med Chem,
46,
1749-1756.
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T.Schlick,
R.Collepardo-Guevara,
L.A.Halvorsen,
S.Jung,
and
X.Xiao
(2011).
Biomolecularmodeling and simulation: a field coming of age.
|
| |
Q Rev Biophys,
44,
191-228.
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W.Yang
(2011).
Nucleases: diversity of structure, function and mechanism.
|
| |
Q Rev Biophys,
44,
1.
|
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X.Z.Zhao,
K.Maddali,
M.Metifiot,
S.J.Smith,
B.C.Vu,
C.Marchand,
S.H.Hughes,
Y.Pommier,
and
T.R.Burke
(2011).
Development of tricyclic hydroxy-1H-pyrrolopyridine-trione containing HIV-1 integrase inhibitors.
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Bioorg Med Chem Lett,
21,
2986-2990.
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D.Grandgenett,
and
S.Korolev
(2010).
Retrovirus Integrase-DNA Structure Elucidates Concerted Integration Mechanisms.
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| |
Viruses,
2,
1185-1189.
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F.A.Santoni,
O.Hartley,
and
J.Luban
(2010).
Deciphering the code for retroviral integration target site selection.
|
| |
PLoS Comput Biol,
6,
e1001008.
|
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G.N.Maertens,
S.Hare,
and
P.Cherepanov
(2010).
The mechanism of retroviral integration from X-ray structures of its key intermediates.
|
| |
Nature,
468,
326-329.
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PDB codes:
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J.Reguera,
F.Weber,
and
S.Cusack
(2010).
Bunyaviridae RNA polymerases (L-protein) have an N-terminal, influenza-like endonuclease domain, essential for viral cap-dependent transcription.
|
| |
PLoS Pathog,
6,
0.
|
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PDB codes:
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K.Gupta,
T.Diamond,
Y.Hwang,
F.Bushman,
and
G.D.Van Duyne
(2010).
Structural properties of HIV integrase. Lens epithelium-derived growth factor oligomers.
|
| |
J Biol Chem,
285,
20303-20315.
|
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|
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|
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L.Krishnan,
X.Li,
H.L.Naraharisetty,
S.Hare,
P.Cherepanov,
and
A.Engelman
(2010).
Structure-based modeling of the functional HIV-1 intasome and its inhibition.
|
| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
107,
15910-15915.
|
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|
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|
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M.Nadal,
P.J.Mas,
P.J.Mas,
A.G.Blanco,
C.Arnan,
M.Solà,
D.J.Hart,
and
M.Coll
(2010).
Structure and inhibition of herpesvirus DNA packaging terminase nuclease domain.
|
| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
107,
16078-16083.
|
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|
PDB codes:
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P.Cherepanov
(2010).
Integrase illuminated.
|
| |
EMBO Rep,
11,
328.
|
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|
|
|
|
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R.A.Smith,
G.S.Gottlieb,
and
A.D.Miller
(2010).
Susceptibility of the human retrovirus XMRV to antiretroviral inhibitors.
|
| |
Retrovirology,
7,
70.
|
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|
|
|
|
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R.Craigie
(2010).
Structural biology: When four become one.
|
| |
Nature,
464,
167-168.
|
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|
|
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|
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S.Azzi,
V.Parissi,
R.G.Maroun,
P.Eid,
O.Mauffret,
and
S.Fermandjian
(2010).
The HIV-1 integrase α4-helix involved in LTR-DNA recognition is also a highly antigenic peptide element.
|
| |
PLoS One,
5,
e16001.
|
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|
|
|
|
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S.Hare,
A.M.Vos,
R.F.Clayton,
J.W.Thuring,
M.D.Cummings,
and
P.Cherepanov
(2010).
Molecular mechanisms of retroviral integrase inhibition and the evolution of viral resistance.
|
| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
107,
20057-20062.
|
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|
PDB codes:
|
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T.Bar-Magen,
D.A.Donahue,
E.I.McDonough,
B.D.Kuhl,
V.H.Faltenbacher,
H.Xu,
V.Michaud,
R.D.Sloan,
and
M.A.Wainberg
(2010).
HIV-1 subtype B and C integrase enzymes exhibit differential patterns of resistance to integrase inhibitors in biochemical assays.
|
| |
AIDS,
24,
2171-2179.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
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T.Bar-Magen,
R.D.Sloan,
D.A.Donahue,
B.D.Kuhl,
A.Zabeida,
H.Xu,
M.Oliveira,
D.J.Hazuda,
and
M.A.Wainberg
(2010).
Identification of novel mutations responsible for resistance to MK-2048, a second-generation HIV-1 integrase inhibitor.
|
| |
J Virol,
84,
9210-9216.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
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T.Crépin,
A.Dias,
A.Palencia,
C.Swale,
S.Cusack,
and
R.W.Ruigrok
(2010).
Mutational and metal binding analysis of the endonuclease domain of the influenza virus polymerase PA subunit.
|
| |
J Virol,
84,
9096-9104.
|
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|
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|
The most recent references are shown first.
Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly
from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be
only a partial list as not all journals are covered by
either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data
so more and more references will be included with time.
Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB
codes are
shown on the right.
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');
}
}
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