Pre-mRNA splicing is executed by the spliceosome. Structural characterization of
the catalytically activated complex (B∗) is pivotal for
understanding the branching reaction. In this study, we assembled
the B∗ complexes on two different pre-mRNAs from Saccharomyces
cerevisiae and determined the cryo-EM structures of four distinct
B∗ complexes at overall resolutions of 2.9-3.8 Å. The duplex
between U2 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and the branch point sequence (BPS) is
discretely away from the 5'-splice site (5'SS) in the three B∗
complexes that are devoid of the step I splicing factors Yju2 and Cwc25.
Recruitment of Yju2 into the active site brings the U2/BPS duplex into the
vicinity of 5'SS, with the BPS nucleophile positioned 4 Å away from the
catalytic metal M2. This analysis reveals the functional mechanism of Yju2 and
Cwc25 in branching. These structures on different pre-mRNAs reveal
substrate-specific conformations of the spliceosome in a major functional state.