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PDBsum entry 2avi

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protein ligands Protein-protein interface(s) links
Biotin binding protein PDB id
2avi

 

 

 

 

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Contents
Protein chains
121 a.a. *
Ligands
NAG ×2
BTN ×2
Waters ×74
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
2avi
Name: Biotin binding protein
Title: Three-dimensional structures of avidin and the avidin-biotin complex
Structure: Avidin. Chain: a, b. Engineered: yes
Source: Gallus gallus. Chicken. Organism_taxid: 9031
Biol. unit: Tetramer (from PQS)
Resolution:
3.00Å     R-factor:   0.151    
Authors: O.Livnah,J.Sussman
Key ref: O.Livnah et al. (1993). Three-dimensional structures of avidin and the avidin-biotin complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90, 5076-5080. PubMed id: 8506353 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.11.5076
Date:
23-Apr-93     Release date:   15-Jul-93    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P02701  (AVID_CHICK) -  Avidin from Gallus gallus
Seq:
Struc:
152 a.a.
121 a.a.*
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain
* PDB and UniProt seqs differ at 2 residue positions (black crosses)

 

 
DOI no: 10.1073/pnas.90.11.5076 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:5076-5080 (1993)
PubMed id: 8506353  
 
 
Three-dimensional structures of avidin and the avidin-biotin complex.
O.Livnah, E.A.Bayer, M.Wilchek, J.L.Sussman.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
The crystal structures of a deglycosylated form of the egg-white glycoprotein avidin and of its complex with biotin have been determined to 2.6 and 3.0 A, respectively. The structures reveal the amino acid residues critical for stabilization of the tetrameric assembly and for the exceptionally tight binding of biotin. Each monomer is an eight-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel, remarkably similar to that of the genetically distinct bacterial analog streptavidin. As in streptavidin, binding of biotin involves a highly stabilized network of polar and hydrophobic interactions. There are, however, some differences. The presence of additional hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups in the binding site of avidin (which are missing in streptavidin) may account for its higher affinity constant. Two amino acid substitutions are proposed to be responsible for its susceptibility to denaturation relative to streptavidin. Unexpectedly, a residual N-acetylglucosamine moiety was detected in the deglycosylated avidin monomer by difference Fourier synthesis.
 

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
21328491 C.P.Wilson, C.Boglio, L.Ma, S.L.Cockroft, and S.J.Webb (2011).
Palladium(II)-Mediated Assembly of Biotinylated Ion Channels.
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20939005 J.A.Määttä, Y.Eisenberg-Domovich, H.R.Nordlund, R.Hayouka, M.S.Kulomaa, O.Livnah, and V.P.Hytönen (2011).
Chimeric avidin shows stability against harsh chemical conditions--biochemical analysis and 3D structure.
  Biotechnol Bioeng, 108, 481-490.
PDB code: 3mm0
21305032 J.Leppiniemi, J.A.Määttä, H.Hammaren, M.Soikkeli, M.Laitaoja, J.Jänis, M.S.Kulomaa, and V.P.Hytönen (2011).
Bifunctional avidin with covalently modifiable ligand binding site.
  PLoS One, 6, e16576.  
21504028 J.M.Teulon, Y.Delcuze, M.Odorico, S.W.Chen, P.Parot, and J.L.Pellequer (2011).
Single and multiple bonds in (strept)avidin-biotin interactions.
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21442363 J.Wiklander, B.C.Karlsson, T.Aastrup, and I.A.Nicholls (2011).
Towards a synthetic avidin mimic.
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21298003 N.A.Filenko, C.Kolar, J.T.West, S.A.Smith, Y.I.Hassan, G.E.Borgstahl, J.Zempleni, and Y.L.Lyubchenko (2011).
The role of histone h4 biotinylation in the structure of nucleosomes.
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21206948 S.L.Carrier, C.M.Kownacki, and Z.D.Schultz (2011).
Protein-ligand binding investigated by a single nanoparticle TERS approach.
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21294269 T.Konry, I.Smolina, J.M.Yarmush, D.Irimia, and M.L.Yarmush (2011).
Ultrasensitive detection of low-abundance surface-marker protein using isothermal rolling circle amplification in a microfluidic nanoliter platform.
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20180585 B.M.Barth, R.Sharma, E.I.AltinoÄŸlu, T.T.Morgan, S.S.Shanmugavelandy, J.M.Kaiser, C.McGovern, G.L.Matters, J.P.Smith, M.Kester, and J.H.Adair (2010).
Bioconjugation of calcium phosphosilicate composite nanoparticles for selective targeting of human breast and pancreatic cancers in vivo.
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19821013 K.Aita, T.Temma, Y.Shimizu, Y.Kuge, K.Seki, and H.Saji (2010).
Synthesis of a new NIR fluorescent Nd complex labeling agent.
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19565577 A.Fürstenberg, O.Kel, J.Gradinaru, T.R.Ward, D.Emery, G.Bollot, J.Mareda, and E.Vauthey (2009).
Site-dependent excited-state dynamics of a fluorescent probe bound to avidin and streptavidin.
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19462965 A.Kussrow, E.Kaltgrad, M.L.Wolfenden, M.J.Cloninger, M.G.Finn, and D.J.Bornhop (2009).
Measurement of monovalent and polyvalent carbohydrate-lectin binding by back-scattering interferometry.
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19788720 J.A.Määttä, S.H.Helppolainen, V.P.Hytönen, M.S.Johnson, M.S.Kulomaa, T.T.Airenne, and H.R.Nordlund (2009).
Structural and functional characteristics of xenavidin, the first frog avidin from Xenopus tropicalis.
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PDB codes: 2uyw 2uz2
19052784 J.J.Panek, T.R.Ward, A.Jezierska, and M.Novic (2009).
Effects of tryptophan residue fluorination on streptavidin stability and biotin-streptavidin interactions via molecular dynamics simulations.
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19337368 M.Reffay, Y.Gambin, H.Benabdelhak, G.Phan, N.Taulier, A.Ducruix, R.S.Hodges, and W.Urbach (2009).
Tracking membrane protein association in model membranes.
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19440224 M.U.Kaikkonen, H.P.Lesch, J.Pikkarainen, J.K.Räty, T.Vuorio, T.Huhtala, M.Taavitsainen, T.Laitinen, P.Tuunanen, O.Gröhn, A.Närvänen, K.J.Airenne, and S.Ylä-Herttuala (2009).
(Strept)avidin-displaying lentiviruses as versatile tools for targeting and dual imaging of gene delivery.
  Gene Ther, 16, 894-904.  
19684919 S.M.Burrows, and D.Pappas (2009).
Comparison of methods to classify and quantify free and bound states of complexes using single molecule fluorescence anisotropy.
  Analyst, 134, 1911-1921.  
19187241 Y.Takakura, M.Tsunashima, J.Suzuki, S.Usami, Y.Kakuta, N.Okino, M.Ito, and T.Yamamoto (2009).
Tamavidins--novel avidin-like biotin-binding proteins from the Tamogitake mushroom.
  FEBS J, 276, 1383-1397.
PDB code: 2zsc
18199665 H.Jung, T.Yang, M.D.Lasagna, J.Shi, G.D.Reinhart, and P.S.Cremer (2008).
Impact of hapten presentation on antibody binding at lipid membrane interfaces.
  Biophys J, 94, 3094-3103.  
18381715 J.A.Määttä, T.T.Airenne, H.R.Nordlund, J.Jänis, T.A.Paldanius, P.Vainiotalo, M.S.Johnson, M.S.Kulomaa, and V.P.Hytönen (2008).
Rational modification of ligand-binding preference of avidin by circular permutation and mutagenesis.
  Chembiochem, 9, 1124-1135.
PDB code: 2jgs
18663013 N.Borovok, N.Iram, D.Zikich, J.Ghabboun, G.I.Livshits, D.Porath, and A.B.Kotlyar (2008).
Assembling of G-strands into novel tetra-molecular parallel G4-DNA nanostructures using avidin-biotin recognition.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 36, 5050-5060.  
18354789 R.Barattin, and N.Voyer (2008).
Chemical modifications of AFM tips for the study of molecular recognition events.
  Chem Commun (Camb), (), 1513-1532.  
18323625 R.Hayouka, Y.Eisenberg-Domovich, V.P.Hytönen, J.A.Määttä, H.R.Nordlund, M.S.Kulomaa, M.Wilchek, E.A.Bayer, and O.Livnah (2008).
Critical importance of loop conformation to avidin-enhanced hydrolysis of an active biotin ester.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 64, 302-308.
PDB codes: 2of8 2of9 2ofa 2ofb
18042676 X.Ai, A.Semesi, A.Yee, C.H.Arrowsmith, W.Y.Choy, and S.S.Li (2008).
The hypothetical protein Atu4866 from Agrobacterium tumefaciens adopts a streptavidin-like fold.
  Protein Sci, 17, 154-158.  
17417839 J.DeChancie, and K.N.Houk (2007).
The origins of femtomolar protein-ligand binding: hydrogen-bond cooperativity and desolvation energetics in the biotin-(strept)avidin binding site.
  J Am Chem Soc, 129, 5419-5429.  
18093926 M.V.Rekharsky, T.Mori, C.Yang, Y.H.Ko, N.Selvapalam, H.Kim, D.Sobransingh, A.E.Kaifer, S.Liu, L.Isaacs, W.Chen, S.Moghaddam, M.K.Gilson, K.Kim, and Y.Inoue (2007).
A synthetic host-guest system achieves avidin-biotin affinity by overcoming enthalpy-entropy compensation.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 20737-20742.  
17343730 V.P.Hytönen, J.A.Määttä, E.A.Niskanen, J.Huuskonen, K.J.Helttunen, K.K.Halling, H.R.Nordlund, K.Rissanen, M.S.Johnson, T.A.Salminen, M.S.Kulomaa, O.H.Laitinen, and T.T.Airenne (2007).
Structure and characterization of a novel chicken biotin-binding protein A (BBP-A).
  BMC Struct Biol, 7, 8.
PDB codes: 2c1q 2c1s
16342300 A.Bonsted, B.Ã.˜.Engesaeter, A.Høgset, G.M.Maelandsmo, L.Prasmickaite, C.D'Oliveira, W.E.Hennink, J.H.van Steenis, and K.Berg (2006).
Photochemically enhanced transduction of polymer-complexed adenovirus targeted to the epidermal growth factor receptor.
  J Gene Med, 8, 286-297.  
16617088 D.J.Estes, S.R.Lopez, A.O.Fuller, and M.Mayer (2006).
Triggering and visualizing the aggregation and fusion of lipid membranes in microfluidic chambers.
  Biophys J, 91, 233-243.  
17097181 D.Teoli, L.Parisi, N.Realdon, M.Guglielmi, A.Rosato, and M.Morpurgo (2006).
Wet sol-gel derived silica for controlled release of proteins.
  J Control Release, 116, 295-303.  
16698918 M.E.Davis, P.C.Hsieh, T.Takahashi, Q.Song, S.Zhang, R.D.Kamm, A.J.Grodzinsky, P.Anversa, and R.T.Lee (2006).
Local myocardial insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) delivery with biotinylated peptide nanofibers improves cell therapy for myocardial infarction.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 8155-8160.  
16676358 M.Seki (2006).
Biological significance and development of practical synthesis of biotin.
  Med Res Rev, 26, 434-482.  
16886084 P.Hidalgo-Fernández, E.Ayet, I.Canal, and J.A.Farrera (2006).
Avidin and streptavidin ligands based on the glycoluril bicyclic system.
  Org Biomol Chem, 4, 3147-3154.  
16609783 S.Rauf, D.Zhou, C.Abell, D.Klenerman, and D.J.Kang (2006).
Building three-dimensional nanostructures with active enzymes by surface templated layer-by-layer assembly.
  Chem Commun (Camb), (), 1721-1723.  
15777476 E.A.Niskanen, V.P.Hytönen, A.Grapputo, H.R.Nordlund, M.S.Kulomaa, and O.H.Laitinen (2005).
Chicken genome analysis reveals novel genes encoding biotin-binding proteins related to avidin family.
  BMC Genomics, 6, 41.  
16169976 F.Pincet, and J.Husson (2005).
The solution to the streptavidin-biotin paradox: the influence of history on the strength of single molecular bonds.
  Biophys J, 89, 4374-4381.  
16136524 J.Auerswald, D.Widmer, N.F.de Rooij, A.Sigrist, T.Staubli, T.Stöckli, and H.F.Knapp (2005).
Fast immobilization of probe beads by dielectrophoresis-controlled adhesion in a versatile microfluidic platform for affinity assay.
  Electrophoresis, 26, 3697-3705.  
15761912 T.R.Ward (2005).
Artificial metalloenzymes for enantioselective catalysis based on the noncovalent incorporation of organometallic moieties in a host protein.
  Chemistry, 11, 3798-3804.  
16175628 V.P.Hytönen, H.R.Nordlund, J.Hörhä, T.K.Nyholm, D.E.Hyre, T.Kulomaa, E.J.Porkka, A.T.Marttila, P.S.Stayton, O.H.Laitinen, and M.S.Kulomaa (2005).
Dual-affinity avidin molecules.
  Proteins, 61, 597-607.  
16212654 V.P.Hytönen, J.A.Määttä, H.Kidron, K.K.Halling, J.Hörhä, T.Kulomaa, T.K.Nyholm, M.S.Johnson, T.A.Salminen, M.S.Kulomaa, and T.T.Airenne (2005).
Avidin related protein 2 shows unique structural and functional features among the avidin protein family.
  BMC Biotechnol, 5, 28.
PDB code: 1wbi
15858262 Y.Eisenberg-Domovich, V.P.Hytönen, M.Wilchek, E.A.Bayer, M.S.Kulomaa, and O.Livnah (2005).
High-resolution crystal structure of an avidin-related protein: insight into high-affinity biotin binding and protein stability.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 61, 528-538.
PDB codes: 1y52 1y53 1y55
15547904 F.Meiser, C.Cortez, and F.Caruso (2004).
Biofunctionalization of fluorescent rare-earth-doped lanthanum phosphate colloidal nanoparticles.
  Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 43, 5954-5957.  
15580932 L.Dreesen, Y.Sartenaer, C.Humbert, A.A.Mani, C.Méthivier, C.M.Pradier, P.A.Thiry, and A.Peremans (2004).
Probing ligand-protein recognition with sum-frequency generation spectroscopy: the avidin-biocytin case.
  Chemphyschem, 5, 1719-1725.  
15386619 M.Morpurgo, A.Radu, E.A.Bayer, and M.Wilchek (2004).
DNA condensation by high-affinity interaction with avidin.
  J Mol Recognit, 17, 558-566.  
15498945 M.Wilchek, and M.Wilchek (2004).
My life with affinity.
  Protein Sci, 13, 3066-3070.  
15296493 N.R.Cook, P.E.Row, and H.W.Davidson (2004).
Lysosome associated membrane protein 1 (Lamp1) traffics directly from the TGN to early endosomes.
  Traffic, 5, 685-699.  
15593149 S.Nayak, and L.A.Lyon (2004).
Ligand-functionalized core/shell microgels with permselective shells.
  Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 43, 6706-6709.  
15079055 Y.Eisenberg-Domovich, Y.Pazy, O.Nir, B.Raboy, E.A.Bayer, M.Wilchek, and O.Livnah (2004).
Structural elements responsible for conversion of streptavidin to a pseudoenzyme.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 5916-5921.
PDB codes: 1rxh 1rxj 1rxk
12782460 A.Hirano, M.Wakabayashi, Y.Matsuno, and M.Sugawara (2003).
A single-channel sensor based on gramicidin controlled by molecular recognition at bilayer lipid membranes containing receptor.
  Biosens Bioelectron, 18, 973-983.  
12676717 E.Zahavy, M.Fisher, A.Bromberg, and U.Olshevsky (2003).
Detection of frequency resonance energy transfer pair on double-labeled microsphere and Bacillus anthracis spores by flow cytometry.
  Appl Environ Microbiol, 69, 2330-2339.  
12827697 L.B.Ujam, R.H.Clemmitt, S.A.Clarke, R.A.Brooks, N.Rushton, and H.A.Chase (2003).
Isolation of monocytes from human peripheral blood using immuno-affinity expanded-bed adsorption.
  Biotechnol Bioeng, 83, 554-566.  
  12719486 T.I.Rokitskaya, E.A.Kotova, and Y.N.Antonenko (2003).
Tandem gramicidin channels cross-linked by streptavidin.
  J Gen Physiol, 121, 463-476.  
11854489 I.Harvey, P.Garneau, and J.Pelletier (2002).
Forced engagement of a RNA/protein complex by a chemical inducer of dimerization to modulate gene expression.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99, 1882-1887.  
12496085 L.Oddershede, J.K.Dreyer, S.Grego, S.Brown, and K.Berg-Sørensen (2002).
The motion of a single molecule, the lambda-receptor, in the bacterial outer membrane.
  Biophys J, 83, 3152-3161.  
12220842 P.Caliceti, M.Chinol, M.Roldo, F.M.Veronese, A.Semenzato, S.Salmaso, and G.Paganelli (2002).
Poly(ethylene glycol)-avidin bioconjugates: suitable candidates for tumor pretargeting.
  J Control Release, 83, 97.  
11288894 C.Reichle, K.Sparbier, T.Müller, T.Schnelle, P.Walden, and G.Fuhr (2001).
Combined laser tweezers and dielectric field cage for the analysis of receptor-ligand interactions on single cells.
  Electrophoresis, 22, 272-282.  
11470084 M.J.Swamy, and D.Marsh (2001).
Spin-label electron paramagnetic resonance studies on the interaction of avidin with dimyristoyl-phosphatidylglycerol membranes.
  Biochim Biophys Acta, 1513, 122-130.  
11093259 P.Romero, Z.Obradovic, X.Li, E.C.Garner, C.J.Brown, and A.K.Dunker (2001).
Sequence complexity of disordered protein.
  Proteins, 42, 38-48.  
11717505 Y.Pazy, O.H.Laitinen, B.Ravoy, M.S.Kulomaa, M.Wilchek, E.A.Bayer, and O.Livnah (2001).
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of W120K mutant of streptavidin.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 57, 1885-1886.  
11094343 A.T.Woolley, C.L.Cheung, J.H.Hafner, and C.M.Lieber (2000).
Structural biology with carbon nanotube AFM probes.
  Chem Biol, 7, R193-R204.  
10835608 K.J.Kramer, T.D.Morgan, J.E.Throne, F.E.Dowell, M.Bailey, and J.A.Howard (2000).
Transgenic avidin maize is resistant to storage insect pests.
  Nat Biotechnol, 18, 670-674.  
10836501 K.Kinosita, R.Yasuda, H.Noji, and K.Adachi (2000).
A rotary molecular motor that can work at near 100% efficiency.
  Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 355, 473-489.  
10796979 C.Rosano, P.Arosio, and M.Bolognesi (1999).
The X-ray three-dimensional structure of avidin.
  Biomol Eng, 16, 5.  
10082985 G.Kada, H.Falk, and H.J.Gruber (1999).
Accurate measurement of avidin and streptavidin in crude biofluids with a new, optimized biotin-fluorescein conjugate.
  Biochim Biophys Acta, 1427, 33-43.  
10796989 K.J.Airenne, V.S.Marjomäki, and M.S.Kulomaa (1999).
Recombinant avidin and avidin-fusion proteins.
  Biomol Eng, 16, 87-92.  
10049343 V.T.Moy, Y.Jiao, T.Hillmann, H.Lehmann, and T.Sano (1999).
Adhesion energy of receptor-mediated interaction measured by elastic deformation.
  Biophys J, 76, 1632-1638.  
9639110 A.Torreggiani, and G.Fini (1998).
The binding of biotin analogues by streptavidin: a Raman spectroscopic study.
  Biospectroscopy, 4, 197-208.  
9604938 D.L.Roberts, D.J.Weix, N.M.Dahms, and J.J.Kim (1998).
Molecular basis of lysosomal enzyme recognition: three-dimensional structure of the cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor.
  Cell, 93, 639-648.
PDB code: 1m6p
9883562 E.Uttenthaler, C.Kösslinger, and S.Drost (1998).
Characterization of immobilization methods for African swine fever virus protein and antibodies with a piezoelectric immunosensor.
  Biosens Bioelectron, 13, 1279-1286.  
9601024 L.A.Klumb, V.Chu, and P.S.Stayton (1998).
Energetic roles of hydrogen bonds at the ureido oxygen binding pocket in the streptavidin-biotin complex.
  Biochemistry, 37, 7657-7663.  
9490786 P.A.Smith, B.C.Tripp, E.A.DiBlasio-Smith, Z.Lu, E.R.LaVallie, and J.M.McCoy (1998).
A plasmid expression system for quantitative in vivo biotinylation of thioredoxin fusion proteins in Escherichia coli.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 26, 1414-1420.  
9635431 S.M.Sweitzer, and J.E.Hinshaw (1998).
Dynamin undergoes a GTP-dependent conformational change causing vesiculation.
  Cell, 93, 1021-1029.  
9029508 G.Klebe, and H.J.Böhm (1997).
Energetic and entropic factors determining binding affinity in protein-ligand complexes.
  J Recept Signal Transduct Res, 17, 459-473.  
9200687 M.J.Swamy, and D.Marsh (1997).
Spin-label studies on the anchoring and lipid-protein interactions of avidin with N-biotinylphosphatidylethanolamines in lipid bilayer membranes.
  Biochemistry, 36, 7403-7407.  
  9194176 S.Freitag, I.Le Trong, L.Klumb, P.S.Stayton, and R.E.Stenkamp (1997).
Structural studies of the streptavidin binding loop.
  Protein Sci, 6, 1157-1166.
PDB codes: 1swa 1swb 1swc 1swd 1swe
9083662 S.Izrailev, S.Stepaniants, M.Balsera, Y.Oono, and K.Schulten (1997).
Molecular dynamics study of unbinding of the avidin-biotin complex.
  Biophys J, 72, 1568-1581.  
  8702286 C.Du, and K.W.Nickerson (1996).
The Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxin binds biotin-containing proteins.
  Appl Environ Microbiol, 62, 2932-2939.  
9174913 D.Leibler, A.Rabinkov, and M.Wilchek (1996).
Salicylaldehyde-metal-amino acid ternary complex: a new tool for immobilized metal affinity chromatography.
  J Mol Recognit, 9, 375-382.  
8874057 E.A.Bayer, S.Ehrlich-Rogozinski, and M.Wilchek (1996).
Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic method for assessing the quaternary state and comparative thermostability of avidin and streptavidin.
  Electrophoresis, 17, 1319-1324.  
8552675 G.M.Verkhivker, and P.A.Rejto (1996).
A mean field model of ligand-protein interactions: implications for the structural assessment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease complexes and receptor-specific binding.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93, 60-64.  
8842222 M.J.Swamy, T.Heimburg, and D.Marsh (1996).
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic studies on avidin secondary structure and complexation with biotin and biotin-lipid assemblies.
  Biophys J, 71, 840-847.  
8861535 N.C.Singha, N.Surolia, and A.Surolia (1996).
On the relationship of thermodynamic parameters with the buried surface area in protein-ligand complex formation.
  Biosci Rep, 16, 1.  
8994880 Y.Lindqvist, and G.Schneider (1996).
Protein-biotin interactions.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 6, 798-803.  
  7670376 D.Ellison, J.Hinton, S.J.Hubbard, and R.J.Beynon (1995).
Limited proteolysis of native proteins: the interaction between avidin and proteinase K.
  Protein Sci, 4, 1337-1345.  
7625822 E.A.Bayer, F.De Meester, T.Kulik, and M.Wilchek (1995).
Preparation of deglycosylated egg white avidin.
  Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 53, 1-9.  
  7646033 E.Morag, A.Lapidot, D.Govorko, R.Lamed, M.Wilchek, E.A.Bayer, and Y.Shoham (1995).
Expression, purification, and characterization of the cellulose-binding domain of the scaffoldin subunit from the cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum.
  Appl Environ Microbiol, 61, 1980-1986.  
7647232 G.Balgi, D.E.Leckband, and J.M.Nitsche (1995).
Transport effects on the kinetics of protein-surface binding.
  Biophys J, 68, 2251-2260.  
7647251 H.Qin, Z.Liu, and S.F.Sui (1995).
Two-dimensional crystallization of avidin on biotinylated lipid monolayers.
  Biophys J, 68, 2493-2496.  
7724536 T.Sano, and C.R.Cantor (1995).
Intersubunit contacts made by tryptophan 120 with biotin are essential for both strong biotin binding and biotin-induced tighter subunit association of streptavidin.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 92, 3180-3184.  
8125122 R.A.Keinänen, M.J.Wallén, P.A.Kristo, M.O.Laukkanen, T.A.Toimela, M.A.Helenius, and M.S.Kulomaa (1994).
Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of chicken avidin-related genes 1-5.
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7788299 Y.Hatanaka, M.Hashimoto, and Y.Kanaoka (1994).
A novel biotinylated heterobifunctional cross-linking reagent bearing an aromatic diazirine.
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8265652 B.E.Rothenberg, B.K.Hayes, D.Toomre, A.E.Manzi, and A.Varki (1993).
Biotinylated diaminopyridine: an approach to tagging oligosaccharides and exploring their biology.
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The most recent references are shown first. Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be only a partial list as not all journals are covered by either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data so more and more references will be included with time. Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB code is shown on the right.

 

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