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Contents |
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* Residue conservation analysis
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PDB id:
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Gene regulation/DNA
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Title:
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Structure of the e. Coli alpha c-terminal domain of RNA polymerase in complex with cap and DNA
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Structure:
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5'-d( Cp Tp Tp Tp Tp Tp Tp Cp Cp Tp Ap Ap Ap Ap Tp Gp Tp Gp Ap T)-3'. Chain: k. Engineered: yes. 5'-d( Cp Tp Ap Gp Ap Tp Cp Ap Cp Ap Tp Tp Tp Tp Ap Gp Gp Ap Ap Ap Ap Ap Ap G)-3'. Chain: j. Engineered: yes. Catabolite gene activator protein.
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Source:
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Synthetic: yes. Escherichia coli. Organism_taxid: 562. Expressed in: escherichia coli. Expression_system_taxid: 562. Expression_system_taxid: 562
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Biol. unit:
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Decamer (from PDB file)
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Resolution:
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3.10Å
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R-factor:
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0.211
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R-free:
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0.244
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Authors:
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B.Benoff,H.Yang,C.L.Lawson,G.Parkinson,J.Liu,E.Blatter,Y.W.Ebright, H.M.Berman,R.H.Ebright
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Key ref:
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B.Benoff
et al.
(2002).
Structural basis of transcription activation: the CAP-alpha CTD-DNA complex.
Science,
297,
1562-1566.
PubMed id:
DOI:
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Date:
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01-Apr-02
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Release date:
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06-Sep-02
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PROCHECK
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Headers
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References
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P0ACJ8
(CRP_ECOLI) -
DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator CRP from Escherichia coli (strain K12)
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Seq:
Struc:
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210 a.a.
201 a.a.
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Enzyme class:
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Chains B, E:
E.C.2.7.7.6
- DNA-directed Rna polymerase.
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Reaction:
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RNA(n) + a ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate = RNA(n+1) + diphosphate
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RNA(n)
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+
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ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
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=
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RNA(n+1)
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+
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diphosphate
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Molecule diagrams generated from .mol files obtained from the
KEGG ftp site
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DOI no:
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Science
297:1562-1566
(2002)
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PubMed id:
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Structural basis of transcription activation: the CAP-alpha CTD-DNA complex.
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B.Benoff,
H.Yang,
C.L.Lawson,
G.Parkinson,
J.Liu,
E.Blatter,
Y.W.Ebright,
H.M.Berman,
R.H.Ebright.
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ABSTRACT
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The Escherichia coli catabolite activator protein (CAP) activates transcription
at P(lac), P(gal), and other promoters through interactions with the RNA
polymerase alpha subunit carboxyl-terminal domain (alphaCTD). We determined the
crystal structure of the CAP-alphaCTD-DNA complex at a resolution of 3.1
angstroms. CAP makes direct protein-protein interactions with alphaCTD, and
alphaCTD makes direct protein-DNA interactions with the DNA segment adjacent to
the DNA site for CAP. There are no large-scale conformational changes in CAP and
alphaCTD, and the interface between CAP and alphaCTD is small. These findings
are consistent with the proposal that activation involves a simple
"recruitment" mechanism.
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Selected figure(s)
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Figure 2.
Fig. 2. CAP-  CTD^CAP,DNA-DNA(interactions
representative of those at a class I or class II CAP-dependent
promoter). (A) Stereo view of interactions among CAP, CTD^CAP,DNA,
and DNA (two orthogonal views). AR1 of CAP is in blue; the 287
determinant (CAP contact), 265 determinant (DNA contact), and
the 261 determinant (proposed  70
contact) of CTD^CAP,DNA
are in yellow, red, and gray-white, respectively. (B)
Interactions between AR1 of CAP and residues 285 to 288 of the
287 determinant of CTD^CAP,DNA.
Hydrogen bonds are in magenta. (C) Interactions between the
COOH-terminal residue of CAP (Arg209) and residues 315 and 317
of the 287 determinant of CTD^CAP,DNA.
Hydrogen bonds are in magenta. C-TER, COOH-terminus. (D)
Interactions between CTD^CAP,DNA
and DNA (view along DNA minor-groove axis). Water-mediated
hydrogen bonds involving the Arg265 side-chain guanidinium, DNA
bases, and an experimentally defined water molecule (sphere near
center) are in cyan. The network of hydrogen bonds buttressing
the Arg265 side-chain guanidinium relative to the phosphate
backbones of the two DNA strands is in yellow. Other hydrogen
bonds are in magenta. (E) Summary of interactions between CTD^CAP,DNA
and DNA. Colors are as in (D). G, Gly; K, Lys; N, Asn; R, Arg;
S, Ser; and V, Val.
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Figure 3.
Fig. 3. CTD^DNA-DNA
(interactions representative of those at an UP element
subsite-dependent promoter). (A) Stereo view comparing
interactions between CTD^DNA
and DNA (dark green and gray) and interactions between CTD^CAP-DNA
and DNA (light green and gray) (RMSD = 0.74 Å for 72 C
and 10 P
atoms). (B) Interactions between CTD^DNA
and DNA. View and colors are as in Fig. 2D. No water molecules
were observed in the CTD^DNA-DNA
interface in this structure at 3.1 Å. However, the
positions of the Arg265 side-chain guanidinium and DNA bases are
compatible with the establishment of water-mediated hydrogen
bonds identical to those at the CTD^CAP,DNA-DNA
interface (Fig. 2D) (39). (C) Summary of interactions between
CTD^DNA
and DNA. Colors are as in Fig. 2, D and E.
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The above figures are
reprinted
by permission from the AAAs:
Science
(2002,
297,
1562-1566)
copyright 2002.
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Figures were
selected
by an automated process.
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Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference
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PubMed id
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Reference
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D.Xu,
P.Muniandy,
E.Leo,
J.Yin,
S.Thangavel,
X.Shen,
M.Ii,
K.Agama,
R.Guo,
D.Fox,
A.R.Meetei,
L.Wilson,
H.Nguyen,
N.P.Weng,
S.J.Brill,
L.Li,
A.Vindigni,
Y.Pommier,
M.Seidman,
and
W.Wang
(2010).
Rif1 provides a new DNA-binding interface for the Bloom syndrome complex to maintain normal replication.
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EMBO J,
29,
3140-3155.
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J.L.Llácer,
J.Espinosa,
M.A.Castells,
A.Contreras,
K.Forchhammer,
and
V.Rubio
(2010).
Structural basis for the regulation of NtcA-dependent transcription by proteins PipX and PII.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
107,
15397-15402.
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PDB codes:
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K.Hollands,
D.J.Lee,
G.S.Lloyd,
and
S.J.Busby
(2010).
Activation of sigma 28-dependent transcription in Escherichia coli by the cyclic AMP receptor protein requires an unusual promoter organization.
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Mol Microbiol,
75,
1098-1111.
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M.M.Nakano,
A.Lin,
C.S.Zuber,
K.J.Newberry,
R.G.Brennan,
and
P.Zuber
(2010).
Promoter recognition by a complex of Spx and the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase alpha subunit.
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PLoS One,
5,
e8664.
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PDB code:
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S.Lara-González,
J.J.Birktoft,
and
C.L.Lawson
(2010).
Structure of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase alpha subunit C-terminal domain.
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Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr,
66,
806-812.
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PDB code:
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S.Malik,
and
R.G.Roeder
(2010).
The metazoan Mediator co-activator complex as an integrative hub for transcriptional regulation.
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Nat Rev Genet,
11,
761-772.
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S.Stella,
D.Cascio,
and
R.C.Johnson
(2010).
The shape of the DNA minor groove directs binding by the DNA-bending protein Fis.
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Genes Dev,
24,
814-826.
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PDB codes:
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V.A.Rhodius,
and
V.K.Mutalik
(2010).
Predicting strength and function for promoters of the Escherichia coli alternative sigma factor, sigmaE.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
107,
2854-2859.
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Y.C.Wu,
and
S.T.Liu
(2010).
A sequence that affects the copy number and stability of pSW200 and ColE1.
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J Bacteriol,
192,
3654-3660.
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B.P.Hudson,
J.Quispe,
S.Lara-González,
Y.Kim,
H.M.Berman,
E.Arnold,
R.H.Ebright,
and
C.L.Lawson
(2009).
Three-dimensional EM structure of an intact activator-dependent transcription initiation complex.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
106,
19830-19835.
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PDB code:
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E.Balleza,
L.N.López-Bojorquez,
A.Martínez-Antonio,
O.Resendis-Antonio,
I.Lozada-Chávez,
Y.I.Balderas-Martínez,
S.Encarnación,
and
J.Collado-Vides
(2009).
Regulation by transcription factors in bacteria: beyond description.
|
| |
FEMS Microbiol Rev,
33,
133-151.
|
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|
|
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|
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F.D.Silva,
C.A.Rezende,
D.C.Rossi,
E.Esteves,
F.H.Dyszy,
S.Schreier,
F.Gueiros-Filho,
C.B.Campos,
J.R.Pires,
and
S.Daffre
(2009).
Structure and mode of action of microplusin, a copper II-chelating antimicrobial peptide from the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.
|
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J Biol Chem,
284,
34735-34746.
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PDB code:
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N.Popovych,
S.R.Tzeng,
M.Tonelli,
R.H.Ebright,
and
C.G.Kalodimos
(2009).
Structural basis for cAMP-mediated allosteric control of the catabolite activator protein.
|
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
106,
6927-6932.
|
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PDB code:
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V.Lamour,
L.F.Westblade,
E.A.Campbell,
and
S.A.Darst
(2009).
Crystal structure of the in vivo-assembled Bacillus subtilis Spx/RNA polymerase alpha subunit C-terminal domain complex.
|
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J Struct Biol,
168,
352-356.
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PDB code:
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Y.Qin,
C.Keenan,
and
S.K.Farrand
(2009).
N- and C-terminal regions of the quorum-sensing activator TraR cooperate in interactions with the alpha and sigma-70 components of RNA polymerase.
|
| |
Mol Microbiol,
74,
330-346.
|
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|
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C.Levy,
K.Pike,
D.J.Heyes,
M.G.Joyce,
K.Gabor,
H.Smidt,
J.van der Oost,
and
D.Leys
(2008).
Molecular basis of halorespiration control by CprK, a CRP-FNR type transcriptional regulator.
|
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Mol Microbiol,
70,
151-167.
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PDB codes:
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J.Salon,
J.Jiang,
J.Sheng,
O.O.Gerlits,
and
Z.Huang
(2008).
Derivatization of DNAs with selenium at 6-position of guanine for function and crystal structure studies.
|
| |
Nucleic Acids Res,
36,
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|
|
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|
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L.F.Westblade,
L.Minakhin,
K.Kuznedelov,
A.J.Tackett,
E.J.Chang,
R.A.Mooney,
I.Vvedenskaya,
Q.J.Wang,
D.Fenyö,
M.P.Rout,
R.Landick,
B.T.Chait,
K.Severinov,
and
S.A.Darst
(2008).
Rapid isolation and identification of bacteriophage T4-encoded modifications of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase: a generic method to study bacteriophage/host interactions.
|
| |
J Proteome Res,
7,
1244-1250.
|
|
|
|
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|
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L.Saiz,
and
J.M.Vilar
(2008).
Ab initio thermodynamic modeling of distal multisite transcription regulation.
|
| |
Nucleic Acids Res,
36,
726-731.
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|
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|
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S.Borukhov,
and
E.Nudler
(2008).
RNA polymerase: the vehicle of transcription.
|
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Trends Microbiol,
16,
126-134.
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|
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S.I.Husnain,
and
M.S.Thomas
(2008).
The UP element is necessary but not sufficient for growth rate-dependent control of the Escherichia coli guaB promoter.
|
| |
J Bacteriol,
190,
2450-2457.
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S.P.Haugen,
W.Ross,
and
R.L.Gourse
(2008).
Advances in bacterial promoter recognition and its control by factors that do not bind DNA.
|
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Nat Rev Microbiol,
6,
507-519.
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|
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Y.Tutar
(2008).
Syn, anti, and finally both conformations of cyclic AMP are involved in the CRP-dependent transcription initiation mechanism in E. coli lac operon.
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Cell Biochem Funct,
26,
399-405.
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A.Shinkai,
S.Kira,
N.Nakagawa,
A.Kashihara,
S.Kuramitsu,
and
S.Yokoyama
(2007).
Transcription activation mediated by a cyclic AMP receptor protein from Thermus thermophilus HB8.
|
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J Bacteriol,
189,
3891-3901.
|
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B.Kedzierska,
A.Szambowska,
A.Herman-Antosiewicz,
D.J.Lee,
S.J.Busby,
G.Wegrzyn,
and
M.S.Thomas
(2007).
The C-terminal domain of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase alpha subunit plays a role in the CI-dependent activation of the bacteriophage lambda pM promoter.
|
| |
Nucleic Acids Res,
35,
2311-2320.
|
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C.V.Papagiannis,
M.D.Sam,
M.A.Abbani,
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D.Cascio,
R.T.Clubb,
and
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(2007).
Fis targets assembly of the Xis nucleoprotein filament to promote excisive recombination by phage lambda.
|
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J Mol Biol,
367,
328-343.
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PDB code:
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F.Cava,
O.Laptenko,
S.Borukhov,
Z.Chahlafi,
E.Blas-Galindo,
P.Gómez-Puertas,
and
J.Berenguer
(2007).
Control of the respiratory metabolism of Thermus thermophilus by the nitrate respiration conjugative element NCE.
|
| |
Mol Microbiol,
64,
630-646.
|
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J.Sheng,
J.Jiang,
J.Salon,
and
Z.Huang
(2007).
Synthesis of a 2'-Se-thymidine phosphoramidite and its incorporation into oligonucleotides for crystal structure study.
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| |
Org Lett,
9,
749-752.
|
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M.Muramatsu,
and
Y.Hihara
(2007).
Coordinated high-light response of genes encoding subunits of photosystem I is achieved by AT-rich upstream sequences in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803.
|
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J Bacteriol,
189,
2750-2758.
|
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N.Kannan,
J.Wu,
G.S.Anand,
S.Yooseph,
A.F.Neuwald,
C.J.Venter,
and
S.S.Taylor
(2007).
Evolution of allostery in the cyclic nucleotide binding module.
|
| |
Genome Biol,
8,
R264.
|
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R.K.Shultzaberger,
Z.Chen,
K.A.Lewis,
and
T.D.Schneider
(2007).
Anatomy of Escherichia coli sigma70 promoters.
|
| |
Nucleic Acids Res,
35,
771-788.
|
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|
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S.R.Khan,
J.Herman,
J.Krank,
N.J.Serkova,
M.E.Churchill,
H.Suga,
and
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(2007).
N-(3-hydroxyhexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone is the biologically relevant quormone that regulates the phz operon of Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain 30-84.
|
| |
Appl Environ Microbiol,
73,
7443-7455.
|
|
|
|
|
|
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A.A.Napoli,
C.L.Lawson,
R.H.Ebright,
and
H.M.Berman
(2006).
Indirect readout of DNA sequence at the primary-kink site in the CAP-DNA complex: recognition of pyrimidine-purine and purine-purine steps.
|
| |
J Mol Biol,
357,
173-183.
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PDB codes:
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K.Gábor,
C.S.Veríssimo,
B.C.Cyran,
P.Ter Horst,
N.P.Meijer,
H.Smidt,
W.M.de Vos,
and
J.van der Oost
(2006).
Characterization of CprK1, a CRP/FNR-type transcriptional regulator of halorespiration from Desulfitobacterium hafniense.
|
| |
J Bacteriol,
188,
2604-2613.
|
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S.Maurer,
J.Fritz,
G.Muskhelishvili,
and
A.Travers
(2006).
RNA polymerase and an activator form discrete subcomplexes in a transcription initiation complex.
|
| |
EMBO J,
25,
3784-3790.
|
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M.W.Capp,
and
M.T.Record
(2006).
Solute probes of conformational changes in open complex (RPo) formation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase at the lambdaPR promoter: evidence for unmasking of the active site in the isomerization step and for large-scale coupled folding in the subsequent conversion to RPo.
|
| |
Biochemistry,
45,
2161-2177.
|
|
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|
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|
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Y.X.Huo,
Z.X.Tian,
M.Rappas,
J.Wen,
Y.C.Chen,
C.H.You,
X.Zhang,
M.Buck,
Y.P.Wang,
and
A.Kolb
(2006).
Protein-induced DNA bending clarifies the architectural organization of the sigma54-dependent glnAp2 promoter.
|
| |
Mol Microbiol,
59,
168-180.
|
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|
|
|
|
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Y.Zhou,
and
G.S.Chirikjian
(2006).
Conformational Statistics of Semi-Flexible Macromolecular Chains with Internal Joints.
|
| |
Macromolecules,
39,
1950-1960.
|
|
|
|
|
|
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A.Typas,
and
R.Hengge
(2005).
Differential ability of sigma(s) and sigma70 of Escherichia coli to utilize promoters containing half or full UP-element sites.
|
| |
Mol Microbiol,
55,
250-260.
|
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C.A.Davis,
M.W.Capp,
M.T.Record,
and
R.M.Saecker
(2005).
The effects of upstream DNA on open complex formation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
|
| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
102,
285-290.
|
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|
|
|
|
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C.E.White,
and
S.C.Winans
(2005).
Identification of amino acid residues of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens quorum-sensing regulator TraR that are critical for positive control of transcription.
|
| |
Mol Microbiol,
55,
1473-1486.
|
|
|
|
|
|
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D.Jain,
Y.Kim,
K.L.Maxwell,
S.Beasley,
R.Zhang,
G.N.Gussin,
A.M.Edwards,
and
S.A.Darst
(2005).
Crystal structure of bacteriophage lambda cII and its DNA complex.
|
| |
Mol Cell,
19,
259-269.
|
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PDB codes:
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H.Youn,
M.V.Thorsteinsson,
M.Conrad,
R.L.Kerby,
and
G.P.Roberts
(2005).
Dual roles of an E-helix residue, Glu167, in the transcriptional activator function of CooA.
|
| |
J Bacteriol,
187,
2573-2581.
|
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|
|
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|
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J.Benach,
W.C.Edstrom,
I.Lee,
K.Das,
B.Cooper,
R.Xiao,
J.Liu,
B.Rost,
T.B.Acton,
G.T.Montelione,
and
J.F.Hunt
(2005).
The 2.35 A structure of the TenA homolog from Pyrococcus furiosus supports an enzymatic function in thiamine metabolism.
|
| |
Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr,
61,
589-598.
|
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PDB code:
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K.D.Weber,
O.D.Vincent,
and
P.J.Kiley
(2005).
Additional determinants within Escherichia coli FNR activating region 1 and RNA polymerase alpha subunit required for transcription activation.
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| |
J Bacteriol,
187,
1724-1731.
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K.J.Newberry,
S.Nakano,
P.Zuber,
and
R.G.Brennan
(2005).
Crystal structure of the Bacillus subtilis anti-alpha, global transcriptional regulator, Spx, in complex with the alpha C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase.
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| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
102,
15839-15844.
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PDB code:
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M.Ouhammouch,
and
E.P.Geiduschek
(2005).
An expanding family of archaeal transcriptional activators.
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| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
102,
15423-15428.
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M.Tworzydło,
A.Polit,
J.Mikołajczak,
and
Z.Wasylewski
(2005).
Fluorescence quenching and kinetic studies of conformational changes induced by DNA and cAMP binding to cAMP receptor protein from Escherichia coli.
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| |
FEBS J,
272,
1103-1116.
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S.B.Dixit,
D.Q.Andrews,
and
D.L.Beveridge
(2005).
Induced fit and the entropy of structural adaptation in the complexation of CAP and lambda-repressor with cognate DNA sequences.
|
| |
Biophys J,
88,
3147-3157.
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W.M.Reeves,
and
S.Hahn
(2005).
Targets of the Gal4 transcription activator in functional transcription complexes.
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| |
Mol Cell Biol,
25,
9092-9102.
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W.Ross,
and
R.L.Gourse
(2005).
Sequence-independent upstream DNA-alphaCTD interactions strongly stimulate Escherichia coli RNA polymerase-lacUV5 promoter association.
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| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
102,
291-296.
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A.Barnard,
A.Wolfe,
and
S.Busby
(2004).
Regulation at complex bacterial promoters: how bacteria use different promoter organizations to produce different regulatory outcomes.
|
| |
Curr Opin Microbiol,
7,
102-108.
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A.Lochowska,
R.Iwanicka-Nowicka,
J.Zaim,
M.Witkowska-Zimny,
K.Bolewska,
and
M.M.Hryniewicz
(2004).
Identification of activating region (AR) of Escherichia coli LysR-type transcription factor CysB and CysB contact site on RNA polymerase alpha subunit at the cysP promoter.
|
| |
Mol Microbiol,
53,
791-806.
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B.Dangi,
A.M.Gronenborn,
J.L.Rosner,
and
R.G.Martin
(2004).
Versatility of the carboxy-terminal domain of the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase in transcriptional activation: use of the DNA contact site as a protein contact site for MarA.
|
| |
Mol Microbiol,
54,
45-59.
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PDB codes:
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B.J.Paul,
W.Ross,
T.Gaal,
and
R.L.Gourse
(2004).
rRNA transcription in Escherichia coli.
|
| |
Annu Rev Genet,
38,
749-770.
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B.Kedzierska,
D.J.Lee,
G.Wegrzyn,
S.J.Busby,
and
M.S.Thomas
(2004).
Role of the RNA polymerase alpha subunits in CII-dependent activation of the bacteriophage lambda pE promoter: identification of important residues and positioning of the alpha C-terminal domains.
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| |
Nucleic Acids Res,
32,
834-841.
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C.L.Lawson,
D.Swigon,
K.S.Murakami,
S.A.Darst,
H.M.Berman,
and
R.H.Ebright
(2004).
Catabolite activator protein: DNA binding and transcription activation.
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| |
Curr Opin Struct Biol,
14,
10-20.
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M.T.Marr,
J.W.Roberts,
S.E.Brown,
M.Klee,
and
G.N.Gussin
(2004).
Interactions among CII protein, RNA polymerase and the lambda PRE promoter: contacts between RNA polymerase and the -35 region of PRE are identical in the presence and absence of CII protein.
|
| |
Nucleic Acids Res,
32,
1083-1090.
|
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N.Carrasco,
Y.Buzin,
E.Tyson,
E.Halpert,
and
Z.Huang
(2004).
Selenium derivatization and crystallization of DNA and RNA oligonucleotides for X-ray crystallography using multiple anomalous dispersion.
|
| |
Nucleic Acids Res,
32,
1638-1646.
|
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P.Bordes,
S.R.Wigneshweraraj,
M.Chaney,
A.E.Dago,
E.Morett,
and
M.Buck
(2004).
Communication between Esigma(54) , promoter DNA and the conserved threonine residue in the GAFTGA motif of the PspF sigma-dependent activator during transcription activation.
|
| |
Mol Microbiol,
54,
489-506.
|
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S.Cheek,
Y.Qi,
S.S.Krishna,
L.N.Kinch,
and
N.V.Grishin
(2004).
4SCOPmap: automated assignment of protein structures to evolutionary superfamilies.
|
| |
BMC Bioinformatics,
5,
197.
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W.J.Meijer,
and
M.Salas
(2004).
Relevance of UP elements for three strong Bacillus subtilis phage phi29 promoters.
|
| |
Nucleic Acids Res,
32,
1166-1176.
|
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C.M.Beatty,
D.F.Browning,
S.J.Busby,
and
A.J.Wolfe
(2003).
Cyclic AMP receptor protein-dependent activation of the Escherichia coli acsP2 promoter by a synergistic class III mechanism.
|
| |
J Bacteriol,
185,
5148-5157.
|
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D.A.Schneider,
W.Ross,
and
R.L.Gourse
(2003).
Control of rRNA expression in Escherichia coli.
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| |
Curr Opin Microbiol,
6,
151-156.
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H.Chen,
H.Tang,
and
R.H.Ebright
(2003).
Functional interaction between RNA polymerase alpha subunit C-terminal domain and sigma70 in UP-element- and activator-dependent transcription.
|
| |
Mol Cell,
11,
1621-1633.
|
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P.Bordes,
S.R.Wigneshweraraj,
J.Schumacher,
X.Zhang,
M.Chaney,
and
M.Buck
(2003).
The ATP hydrolyzing transcription activator phage shock protein F of Escherichia coli: identifying a surface that binds sigma 54.
|
| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
100,
2278-2283.
|
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S.Borukhov,
and
E.Nudler
(2003).
RNA polymerase holoenzyme: structure, function and biological implications.
|
| |
Curr Opin Microbiol,
6,
93.
|
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S.Nakano,
M.M.Nakano,
Y.Zhang,
M.Leelakriangsak,
and
P.Zuber
(2003).
A regulatory protein that interferes with activator-stimulated transcription in bacteria.
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| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
100,
4233-4238.
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V.McAlister,
C.Zou,
R.H.Winslow,
and
G.E.Christie
(2003).
Purification and in vitro characterization of the Serratia marcescens NucC protein, a zinc-binding transcription factor homologous to P2 Ogr.
|
| |
J Bacteriol,
185,
1808-1816.
|
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W.Ross,
D.A.Schneider,
B.J.Paul,
A.Mertens,
and
R.L.Gourse
(2003).
An intersubunit contact stimulating transcription initiation by E coli RNA polymerase: interaction of the alpha C-terminal domain and sigma region 4.
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| |
Genes Dev,
17,
1293-1307.
|
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The most recent references are shown first.
Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly
from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be
only a partial list as not all journals are covered by
either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data
so more and more references will be included with time.
Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB
codes are
shown on the right.
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