PDBsum entry 3dat

Oxidoreductase

PDB id: 3dat

Contents

Protein chain

161 a.a. *

Ligands

MTX

NDP

Waters ×34

* Residue conservation analysis

PDB id:

3dat

Name:

Oxidoreductase

Title:

Crystal structure of the ternary mtx NADPH complex of bacillus anthracis dihydrofolate reductase

Structure:

Dihydrofolate reductase. Chain: a. Engineered: yes

Source:

Bacillus anthracis str.. Organism_taxid: 260799. Strain: sterne. Gene: dfra, bas2083, ba_2237, gbaa2237. Expressed in: escherichia coli. Expression_system_taxid: 562.

Resolution:

2.30Å R-factor: 0.239 R-free: 0.277

Authors:

B.C.Bennett,C.G.Dealwis

Key ref:

B.C.Bennett et al. (2009). X-ray structure of the ternary MTX.NADPH complex of the anthrax dihydrofolate reductase: a pharmacophore for dual-site inhibitor design. J Struct Biol, 166, 162-171. PubMed id: 19374017

Date:

30-May-08 Release date: 14-Apr-09

Protein chain

Q81R22  (Q81R22_BACAN) -  Dihydrofolate reductase from Bacillus anthracis

Seq: 162 a.a.

Struc: 161 a.a.

Enzyme reactions

• Enzyme class: E.C.1.5.1.3 - dihydrofolate reductase.
• Pathway: Folate Coenzymes
• Reaction: (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP⁺ = 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH + H⁺

(6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) (Bound ligand (Het Group name = NDP) corresponds exactly) = 7,8-dihydrofolate (Bound ligand (Het Group name = MTX) matches with 91.18% similarity) + NADPH + H(+)

Molecule diagrams generated from .mol files obtained from the KEGG ftp site

reference

J Struct Biol 166:162-171 (2009)

PubMed id: 19374017

X-ray structure of the ternary MTX.NADPH complex of the anthrax dihydrofolate reductase: a pharmacophore for dual-site inhibitor design.

B.C.Bennett, Q.Wan, M.F.Ahmad, P.Langan, C.G.Dealwis.

ABSTRACT

For reasons of bioterrorism and drug resistance, it is imperative to identify and develop new molecular points of intervention against anthrax. Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a highly conserved enzyme and an established target in a number of species for a variety of chemotherapeutic programs. Recently, the crystal structure of Bacillus anthracis DHFR (baDHFR) in complex with methotrexate (MTX) was determined and, based on the structure, proposals were made for drug design strategies directed against the substrate-binding site. However, little is gleaned about the binding site for NADPH, the cofactor responsible for hydride transfer in the catalytic mechanism. In the present study, X-ray crystallography at 100 K was used to determine the structure of baDHFR in complex with MTX and NADPH. Although the NADPH binding mode is nearly identical to that seen in other DHFR ternary complex structures, the adenine moiety adopts an off-plane tilt of nearly 90 degrees and this orientation is stabilized by hydrogen bonds to functionally conserved Arg residues. A comparison of the binding site, focusing on this region, between baDHFR and the human enzyme is discussed, with an aim at designing species-selective therapeutics. Indeed, the ternary model, refined to 2.3 A resolution, provides an accurate template for testing the feasibility of identifying dual-site inhibitors, compounds that target both the substrate and cofactor-binding site. With the ternary model in hand, using in silico methods, several compounds were identified which could potentially form key bonding contacts in the substrate and cofactor-binding sites. Ultimately, two structurally distinct compounds were verified that inhibit baDHFR at low microM concentrations. The apparent Kd for one of these, (2-(3-(2-(hydroxyimino)-2-(pyridine-4-yl)-6,7-dimethylquinoxalin-2-yl)-1-(pyridine-4-yl)ethanone oxime), was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy to be 5.3 microM.