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{
"metadata": {
"accession": "Q8NFG4",
"id": "FLCN_HUMAN",
"source_organism": {
"taxId": "9606",
"scientificName": "Homo sapiens",
"fullName": "Homo sapiens (Human)"
},
"name": "Folliculin",
"description": [
"Multi-functional protein, involved in both the cellular response to amino acid availability and in the regulation of glycolysis (PubMed:17028174, PubMed:18663353, PubMed:21209915, PubMed:24081491, PubMed:24095279, PubMed:31672913, PubMed:31704029, PubMed:32612235, PubMed:34381247, PubMed:36103527, PubMed:37079666). GTPase-activating protein that plays a key role in the cellular response to amino acid availability through regulation of the non-canonical mTORC1 signaling cascade controlling the MiT/TFE factors TFEB and TFE3 (PubMed:17028174, PubMed:18663353, PubMed:21209915, PubMed:24081491, PubMed:24095279, PubMed:24448649, PubMed:31672913, PubMed:31704029, PubMed:32612235, PubMed:36103527, PubMed:37079666). Activates mTORC1 by acting as a GTPase-activating protein: specifically stimulates GTP hydrolysis by RagC/RRAGC or RagD/RRAGD, promoting the conversion to the GDP-bound state of RagC/RRAGC or RagD/RRAGD, and thereby activating the kinase activity of mTORC1 (PubMed:24095279, PubMed:31672913, PubMed:31704029, PubMed:32612235, PubMed:37079666). The GTPase-activating activity is inhibited during starvation and activated in presence of nutrients (PubMed:31672913, PubMed:32612235). Acts as a key component for non-canonical mTORC1-dependent control of the MiT/TFE factors TFEB and TFE3, while it is not involved in mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation of canonical RPS6KB1/S6K1 and EIF4EBP1/4E-BP1 (PubMed:21209915, PubMed:24081491, PubMed:31672913, PubMed:32612235). In low-amino acid conditions, the lysosomal folliculin complex (LFC) is formed on the membrane of lysosomes, which inhibits the GTPase-activating activity of FLCN, inactivates mTORC1 and maximizes nuclear translocation of TFEB and TFE3 (PubMed:31672913). Upon amino acid restimulation, RagA/RRAGA (or RagB/RRAGB) nucleotide exchange promotes disassembly of the LFC complex and liberates the GTPase-activating activity of FLCN, leading to activation of mTORC1 and subsequent cytoplasmic retention of TFEB and TFE3 (PubMed:31672913). Indirectly acts as a positive regulator of Wnt signaling by promoting mTOR-dependent cytoplasmic retention of MiT/TFE factor TFE3 (PubMed:31272105). Required for the exit of hematopoietic stem cell from pluripotency by promoting mTOR-dependent cytoplasmic retention of TFE3, thereby increasing Wnt signaling (PubMed:30733432). Acts as an inhibitor of browning of adipose tissue by regulating mTOR-dependent cytoplasmic retention of TFE3 (By similarity). Involved in the control of embryonic stem cells differentiation; together with LAMTOR1 it is necessary to recruit and activate RagC/RRAGC and RagD/RRAGD at the lysosomes, and to induce exit of embryonic stem cells from pluripotency via non-canonical, mTOR-independent TFE3 inactivation (By similarity). In response to flow stress, regulates STK11/LKB1 accumulation and mTORC1 activation through primary cilia: may act by recruiting STK11/LKB1 to primary cilia for activation of AMPK resided at basal bodies, causing mTORC1 down-regulation (PubMed:27072130). Together with FNIP1 and/or FNIP2, regulates autophagy: following phosphorylation by ULK1, interacts with GABARAP and promotes autophagy (PubMed:25126726). Required for starvation-induced perinuclear clustering of lysosomes by promoting association of RILP with its effector RAB34 (PubMed:27113757). Regulates glycolysis by binding to lactate dehydrogenase LDHA, acting as an uncompetitive inhibitor (PubMed:34381247)"
],
"length": 579,
"sequence": "MNAIVALCHFCELHGPRTLFCTEVLHAPLPQGDGNEDSPGQGEQAEEEEGGIQMNSRMRAHSPAEGASVESSSPGPKKSDMCEGCRSLAAGHPGYISHDKETSIKYVSHQHPSHPQLFSIVRQACVRSLSCEVCPGREGPIFFGDEQHGFVFSHTFFIKDSLARGFQRWYSIITIMMDRIYLINSWPFLLGKVRGIIDELQGKALKVFEAEQFGCPQRAQRMNTAFTPFLHQRNGNAARSLTSLTSDDNLWACLHTSFAWLLKACGSRLTEKLLEGAPTEDTLVQMEKLADLEEESESWDNSEAEEEEKAPVLPESTEGRELTQGPAESSSLSGCGSWQPRKLPVFKSLRHMRQVLGAPSFRMLAWHVLMGNQVIWKSRDVDLVQSAFEVLRTMLPVGCVRIIPYSSQYEEAYRCNFLGLSPHVQIPPHVLSSEFAVIVEVHAAARSTLHPVGCEDDQSLSKYEFVVTSGSPVAADRVGPTILNKIEAALTNQNLSVDVVDQCLVCLKEEWMNKVKVLFKFTKVDSRPKEDTQKLLSILGASEEDNVKLLKFWMTGLSKTYKSHLMSTVRSPTASESRN",
"proteome": "UP000005640",
"gene": "FLCN",
"go_terms": [
{
"identifier": "GO:0005096",
"name": "GTPase activator activity",
"category": {
"code": "F",
"name": "molecular_function"
}
}
],
"protein_evidence": 1,
"source_database": "reviewed",
"is_fragment": false,
"in_alphafold": true,
"in_bfvd": false,
"ida_accession": "d2769574362eeb6faca7e5c403751657d8b82729",
"counters": {
"domain_architectures": 1389,
"entries": 11,
"isoforms": 3,
"proteomes": 1,
"sets": 0,
"structures": 4,
"taxa": 1,
"dbEntries": {
"profile": 1,
"cathgene3d": 2,
"pfam": 2,
"panther": 1,
"interpro": 5
},
"proteome": 1,
"taxonomy": 1,
"similar_proteins": 1389
}
}
}
