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InterPro-Version: 108.0
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{
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"name": {
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},
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{
"text": "<p>Neuropeptide Y (NPY) acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain and in the autonomic nervous system. In the brain it is thought to have several functions, including increasing food intake and storage of energy as fat [[cite:PUB00063739], [cite:PUB00063740], [cite:PUB00063741], [cite:PUB00063742]], facilitation of learning and memory via the modulation of hippocampal activity [[cite:PUB00063743], [cite:PUB00063744], [cite:PUB00063745]], inhibition of anxiety [[cite:PUB00063746], [cite:PUB00063747], [cite:PUB00063748]], presynaptic inhibition of neurotransmitter release in the CNS and periphery [[cite:PUB00063749]], and modulation of circadian rhythm [[cite:PUB00063750], [cite:PUB00063751]]. In the periphery, NPY stimulates vascular smooth muscle contraction [[cite:PUB00063752], [cite:PUB00063753]], modulates the release of pituitary hormones [[cite:PUB00063754], [cite:PUB00063755]], pain transmission [[cite:PUB00063756]], inhibition of insulin release [[cite:PUB00063757], [cite:PUB00063758], [cite:PUB00063759]] and modulation of renal function [[cite:PUB00063760]]. NPY has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of hypertension [[cite:PUB00063752]], congestive heart failure and appetite regulation [[cite:PUB00063739], [cite:PUB00063740], [cite:PUB00063741], [cite:PUB00063742]] and controlling epileptic seizures [[cite:PUB00063766]]. Signalling responses appear to be restricted to certain cell types and in the autonomic system it is mainly produced by neurons of the sympathetic nervous system and serves as a strong vasoconstrictor and also causes growth of fat tissue [[cite:PUB00063767]]. These include inhibition of Ca2+ channels, such as in neurones [[cite:PUB00063763]], and activation and inhibition of K+ channels, such as in cardiomyocytes [[cite:PUB00063764]] and vascular smooth muscle cells [[cite:PUB00063765]].</p>",
"llm": false,
"checked": false,
"updated": false
},
{
"text": "<p>The various functions of NPY are mediated by neuropeptide Y receptors, which are members of rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptors, they are also activated by peptide YY and the pancreatic polypeptide [[cite:PUB00063769]]. There are five pharmacologically distinct neuropeptide Y receptor subtypes [[cite:PUB00063770]]; neuropeptide Y receptor Y1 (Y1), neuropeptide Y receptor Y2 (Y2), neuropeptide Y receptor Y4 (Y4), neuropeptide Y receptor Y5 (Y5) and neuropeptide Y receptor Y6 (Y6).</p>",
"llm": false,
"checked": false,
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},
{
"text": "<p>This entry represents the neuropeptide Y1 receptor, which is present in smooth muscle such as the intestine and blood vessels [[cite:PUB00063783], [cite:PUB00063784], [cite:PUB00063785]]. The Y1 receptor are believed to have a predominantly postsynaptic location, and are involved in the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase through a pertussis-toxin-sensitive G-protein, probably of the Gi protein class [[cite:PUB00063787]]. There is also evidence that Y1 can stimulate an increase in intracellular calcium independently of the phosphoinositide pathway [[cite:PUB00063788]].</p>",
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}
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