From a large combinatorial library of chemically constrained bicyclic peptides
we isolated a selective and potent (K(i) = 53 nM) inhibitor of human
urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and crystallized the complex. This
revealed an extended structure of the peptide with both peptide loops engaging
the target to form a large interaction surface of 701 Å(2) with multiple
hydrogen bonds and complementary charge interactions, explaining the high
affinity and specificity of the inhibitor. The interface resembles that between
two proteins and suggests that these constrained peptides have the potential to
act as small protein mimics.