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Informed consent

For an individual to participate in a research project, they must provide informed consent. This is a principle that is central to the ethical undertaking of all biomedical research, and one that is enshrined in global human research guidelines and regulations via the Nuremberg Code (1947) and Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 1964; most recent update, 2013). Informed consent as a process is one in which both research participant and researcher (or the person taking consent if different from the researcher) need to take an active role. It can be broken down into 5 main steps: