UniProt functional annotation for P16403

UniProt code: P16403.

Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
Function:		Histone H1 protein binds to linker DNA between nucleosomes forming the macromolecular structure known as the chromatin fiber. Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structured fibers. Acts also as a regulator of individual gene transcription through chromatin remodeling, nucleosome spacing and DNA methylation (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
Subcellular location:		Nucleus. Chromosome. Note=Mainly localizes in euchromatin. Distribution goes in parallel with DNA concentration.
Domain:		The C-terminal domain is required for high-affinity binding to chromatin. {ECO:0000250}.
Ptm:		H1 histones are progressively phosphorylated during the cell cycle, becoming maximally phosphorylated during late G2 phase and M phase, and being dephosphorylated sharply thereafter. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P15864}.
Ptm:		Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21925322}.
Ptm:		Citrullination at Arg-54 (H1R54ci) by PADI4 takes place within the DNA-binding site of H1 and results in its displacement from chromatin and global chromatin decondensation, thereby promoting pluripotency and stem cell maintenance. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P15864}.
Ptm:		ADP-ribosylated on Ser-188 in response to DNA damage. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27723750}.
Similarity:		Belongs to the histone H1/H5 family. {ECO:0000255|PROSITE- ProRule:PRU00837}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.