UniProt functional annotation for Q9NUM4



	UniProt functional annotation for Q9NUM4

UniProt code: Q9NUM4.

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.

Function: Involved in dendrite morphogenesis and maintenance by regulating lysosomal trafficking via its interaction with MAP6. May act by inhibiting retrograde transport of lysosomes along dendrites. Required for dendrite branching. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23136129, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24357581}.

Subunit: Interacts with MAP6. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24357581}.

Subcellular location: Late endosome membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Lysosome membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Membrane {ECO:0000305}; Lipid-anchor {ECO:0000305}.

Tissue specificity: Expressed in frontal cortex.

Disease: Ubiquitin-positive frontotemporal dementia (UP-FTD) [MIM:607485]: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common cause of dementia in people under the age of 65 years. It is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20154673, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21178100, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22895706, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23742080}. Note=The gene represented in this entry acts as a disease modifier. Risk alleles confer genetic susceptibility by increasing gene expression (PubMed:20154673, PubMed:21178100). Increased expression may be the result of down-regulation of microRNA miR-132 and miR-212, that repress TMEM106B expression (PubMed:22895706). Thr-185 is a risk allele associated with lower GRN protein levels and early age at onset in GRN UP-FTD mutation carriers: it presents slower protein degradation that leads to higher steady-state TMEM106B levels, leading to alterations in the intracellular versus extracellular partitioning of GRN (PubMed:23742080). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20154673, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21178100, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22895706, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23742080}.

Disease: Frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (FTDALS1) [MIM:105550]: An autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by adult onset of frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in an affected individual. There is high intrafamilial variation. Frontotemporal dementia is characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy associated with neuronal loss, gliosis, and dementia. Patients exhibit progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language function. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is characterized by the death of motor neurons in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord, resulting in fatal paralysis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24385136, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24442578, ECO:0000303|PubMed:24488309}. Note=The gene represented in this entry acts as a disease modifier.

Disease: Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 16 (HLD16) [MIM:617964]: An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hypomyelination, leukodystrophy, and thin corpus callosum observed on brain imaging. Clinical features include hypotonia, nystagmus, and mildly delayed motor development with onset in infancy, ataxic or broad-based gait, hyperreflexia, intention tremor, dysmetria, and a mild pyramidal syndrome. Some patients have cognitive impairment, whereas others may have normal cognition or mild intellectual disability with speech difficulties. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:29186371, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29444210}. Note=The disease may be caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity: Belongs to the TMEM106 family. {ECO:0000305}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.



Function:		Involved in dendrite morphogenesis and maintenance by regulating lysosomal trafficking via its interaction with MAP6. May act by inhibiting retrograde transport of lysosomes along dendrites. Required for dendrite branching. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23136129, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24357581}.


Subunit:		Interacts with MAP6. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24357581}.
Subcellular location:		Late endosome membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Lysosome membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Membrane {ECO:0000305}; Lipid-anchor {ECO:0000305}.
Tissue specificity:		Expressed in frontal cortex.
Disease:		Ubiquitin-positive frontotemporal dementia (UP-FTD) [MIM:607485]: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common cause of dementia in people under the age of 65 years. It is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20154673, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21178100, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22895706, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23742080}. Note=The gene represented in this entry acts as a disease modifier. Risk alleles confer genetic susceptibility by increasing gene expression (PubMed:20154673, PubMed:21178100). Increased expression may be the result of down-regulation of microRNA miR-132 and miR-212, that repress TMEM106B expression (PubMed:22895706). Thr-185 is a risk allele associated with lower GRN protein levels and early age at onset in GRN UP-FTD mutation carriers: it presents slower protein degradation that leads to higher steady-state TMEM106B levels, leading to alterations in the intracellular versus extracellular partitioning of GRN (PubMed:23742080). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20154673, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21178100, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22895706, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23742080}.
Disease:		Frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (FTDALS1) [MIM:105550]: An autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by adult onset of frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in an affected individual. There is high intrafamilial variation. Frontotemporal dementia is characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy associated with neuronal loss, gliosis, and dementia. Patients exhibit progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language function. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is characterized by the death of motor neurons in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord, resulting in fatal paralysis. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24385136, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24442578, ECO:0000303\|PubMed:24488309}. Note=The gene represented in this entry acts as a disease modifier.
Disease:		Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 16 (HLD16) [MIM:617964]: An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hypomyelination, leukodystrophy, and thin corpus callosum observed on brain imaging. Clinical features include hypotonia, nystagmus, and mildly delayed motor development with onset in infancy, ataxic or broad-based gait, hyperreflexia, intention tremor, dysmetria, and a mild pyramidal syndrome. Some patients have cognitive impairment, whereas others may have normal cognition or mild intellectual disability with speech difficulties. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:29186371, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:29444210}. Note=The disease may be caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Similarity:		Belongs to the TMEM106 family. {ECO:0000305}.