UniProt functional annotation for P08238



	UniProt functional annotation for P08238

UniProt code: P08238.

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.

Function: Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Undergoes a functional cycle linked to its ATPase activity. This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation. Interacts dynamically with various co-chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function (PubMed:16478993, PubMed:19696785). Engages with a range of client protein classes via its interaction with various co-chaperone proteins or complexes, that act as adapters, simultaneously able to interact with the specific client and the central chaperone itself. Recruitment of ATP and co-chaperone followed by client protein forms a functional chaperone. After the completion of the chaperoning process, properly folded client protein and co-chaperone leave HSP90 in an ADP-bound partially open conformation and finally, ADP is released from HSP90 which acquires an open conformation for the next cycle (PubMed:27295069, PubMed:26991466). Apart from its chaperone activity, it also plays a role in the regulation of the transcription machinery. HSP90 and its co-chaperones modulate transcription at least at three different levels. They first alter the steady-state levels of certain transcription factors in response to various physiological cues. Second, they modulate the activity of certain epigenetic modifiers, such as histone deacetylases or DNA methyl transferases, and thereby respond to the change in the environment. Third, they participate in the eviction of histones from the promoter region of certain genes and thereby turn on gene expression (PubMed:25973397). Antagonizes STUB1- mediated inhibition of TGF-beta signaling via inhibition of STUB1- mediated SMAD3 ubiquitination and degradation (PubMed:24613385). Promotes cell differentiation by chaperoning BIRC2 and thereby protecting from auto-ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasomal machinery (PubMed:18239673). Main chaperone involved in the phosphorylation/activation of the STAT1 by chaperoning both JAK2 and PRKCE under heat shock and in turn, activates its own transcription (PubMed:20353823). Involved in the translocation into ERGIC (endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment) of leaderless cargos (lacking the secretion signal sequence) such as the interleukin 1/IL-1; the translocation process is mediated by the cargo receptor TMED10 (PubMed:32272059). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16478993, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18239673, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19696785, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20353823, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24613385, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32272059, ECO:0000303|PubMed:25973397, ECO:0000303|PubMed:26991466, ECO:0000303|PubMed:27295069}.

Activity regulation: In the resting state, through the dimerization of its C-terminal domain, HSP90 forms a homodimer which is defined as the open conformation. Upon ATP-binding, the N-terminal domain undergoes significant conformational changes and comes in contact to form an active closed conformation. After HSP90 finishes its chaperoning tasks of assisting the proper folding, stabilization and activation of client proteins under the active state, ATP molecule is hydrolyzed to ADP which then dissociates from HSP90 and directs the protein back to the resting state. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18400751}.

Biophysicochemical properties: Kinetic parameters: KM=300 uM for ATP {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18400751};

Subunit: Monomer (PubMed:24880080). Homodimer (PubMed:7588731, PubMed:18400751). Forms a complex with CDK6 and CDC37 (PubMed:9482106, PubMed:25486457). Interacts with UNC45A; binding to UNC45A involves 2 UNC45A monomers per HSP90AB1 dimer (PubMed:16478993). Interacts with CHORDC1 (By similarity). Interacts with DNAJC7 (PubMed:18620420). Interacts with FKBP4 (PubMed:15159550). May interact with NWD1 (PubMed:24681825). Interacts with SGTA (PubMed:16580629). Interacts with HSF1 in an ATP-dependent manner. Interacts with MET; the interaction suppresses MET kinase activity. Interacts with ERBB2 in an ATP-dependent manner; the interaction suppresses ERBB2 kinase activity. Interacts with HIF1A, KEAP1 and RHOBTB2 (PubMed:26517842). Interacts with STUB1 and SMAD3 (PubMed:24613385). Interacts with XPO1 and AHSA1 (PubMed:22022502, PubMed:25486457). Interacts with BIRC2 (PubMed:25486457). Interacts with KCNQ4; promotes cell surface expression of KCNQ4 (PubMed:23431407). Interacts with BIRC2; prevents auto-ubiquitination and degradation of its client protein BIRC2 (PubMed:18239673). Interacts with NOS3 (PubMed:23585225). Interacts with AHR; interaction is inhibited by HSP90AB1 phosphorylation on Ser- 226 and Ser-255 (PubMed:15581363). Interacts with STIP1 and CDC37; upon SMYD2-dependent methylation (PubMed:24880080). Interacts with JAK2 and PRKCE; promotes functional activation in a heat shock-dependent manner (PubMed:20353823). Interacts with HSP90AA1; interaction is constitutive (PubMed:20353823). HSP90AB1-CDC37 chaperone complex interacts with inactive MAPK7 (via N-terminal half) in resting cells; the interaction is MAP2K5-independent and prevents from ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (PubMed:23428871). Interacts with CDC25A; prevents heat shock-mediated CDC25A degradation and contributes to cell cycle progression (PubMed:22843495). Interacts with TP53 (via DNA binding domain); suppresses TP53 aggregation and prevents from irreversible thermal inactivation (PubMed:15358771). Interacts with TGFB1 processed form (LAP); inhibits latent TGFB1 activation (PubMed:20599762). Interacts with TRIM8; prevents nucleus translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 and HSP90AB1 (By similarity). Interacts with NR3C1 (via domain NR LBD) and NR1D1 (via domain NR LBD) (By similarity). Interacts with PDCL3 (By similarity). Interacts with TTC4 (via TPR repeats) (PubMed:18320024). Interacts with IL1B; the interaction facilitates cargo translocation into the ERGIC (PubMed:32272059). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P11499, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P34058, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15159550, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15358771, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15581363, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16478993, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16580629, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18239673, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18320024, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18400751, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18620420, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20353823, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20599762, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22022502, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22843495, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23428871, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23431407, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23585225, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24613385, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24681825, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24880080, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25486457, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26517842, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32272059, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7588731, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9482106}.

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16580629, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18239673, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24880080, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9482106}. Melanosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17081065}. Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18239673}. Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20599762}. Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20599762}. Dynein axonemal particle {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6AZV1}. Note=Identified by mass spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV (PubMed:17081065). Translocates with BIRC2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during differentiation (PubMed:18239673). Secreted when associated with TGFB1 processed form (LAP) (PubMed:20599762). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17081065, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18239673, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20599762}.

Induction: By heat shock. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20353823}.

Domain: The TPR repeat-binding motif mediates interaction with TPR repeat-containing proteins. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P07900}.

Ptm: Ubiquitinated in the presence of STUB1-UBE2D1 complex (in vitro). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18042044}.

Ptm: ISGylated. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16139798}.

Ptm: S-nitrosylated; negatively regulates the ATPase activity. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:19696785}.

Ptm: Phosphorylation at Tyr-301 by SRC is induced by lipopolysaccharide (PubMed:23585225). Phosphorylation at Ser-226 and Ser-255 inhibits AHR interaction (PubMed:15581363). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15581363, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23585225}.

Ptm: Methylated by SMYD2; facilitates dimerization and chaperone complex formation; promotes cancer cell proliferation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24880080}.

Ptm: Cleaved following oxidative stress resulting in HSP90AB1 protein radicals formation; disrupts the chaperoning function and the degradation of its client proteins. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22848402}.

Similarity: Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family. {ECO:0000305}.

Sequence caution: Sequence=AAD14062.3; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Truncated N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=CAB66478.1; Type=Frameshift; Evidence={ECO:0000305};

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.



Function:		Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Undergoes a functional cycle linked to its ATPase activity. This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation. Interacts dynamically with various co-chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function (PubMed:16478993, PubMed:19696785). Engages with a range of client protein classes via its interaction with various co-chaperone proteins or complexes, that act as adapters, simultaneously able to interact with the specific client and the central chaperone itself. Recruitment of ATP and co-chaperone followed by client protein forms a functional chaperone. After the completion of the chaperoning process, properly folded client protein and co-chaperone leave HSP90 in an ADP-bound partially open conformation and finally, ADP is released from HSP90 which acquires an open conformation for the next cycle (PubMed:27295069, PubMed:26991466). Apart from its chaperone activity, it also plays a role in the regulation of the transcription machinery. HSP90 and its co-chaperones modulate transcription at least at three different levels. They first alter the steady-state levels of certain transcription factors in response to various physiological cues. Second, they modulate the activity of certain epigenetic modifiers, such as histone deacetylases or DNA methyl transferases, and thereby respond to the change in the environment. Third, they participate in the eviction of histones from the promoter region of certain genes and thereby turn on gene expression (PubMed:25973397). Antagonizes STUB1- mediated inhibition of TGF-beta signaling via inhibition of STUB1- mediated SMAD3 ubiquitination and degradation (PubMed:24613385). Promotes cell differentiation by chaperoning BIRC2 and thereby protecting from auto-ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasomal machinery (PubMed:18239673). Main chaperone involved in the phosphorylation/activation of the STAT1 by chaperoning both JAK2 and PRKCE under heat shock and in turn, activates its own transcription (PubMed:20353823). Involved in the translocation into ERGIC (endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment) of leaderless cargos (lacking the secretion signal sequence) such as the interleukin 1/IL-1; the translocation process is mediated by the cargo receptor TMED10 (PubMed:32272059). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16478993, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18239673, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19696785, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20353823, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24613385, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:32272059, ECO:0000303\|PubMed:25973397, ECO:0000303\|PubMed:26991466, ECO:0000303\|PubMed:27295069}.


Activity regulation:		In the resting state, through the dimerization of its C-terminal domain, HSP90 forms a homodimer which is defined as the open conformation. Upon ATP-binding, the N-terminal domain undergoes significant conformational changes and comes in contact to form an active closed conformation. After HSP90 finishes its chaperoning tasks of assisting the proper folding, stabilization and activation of client proteins under the active state, ATP molecule is hydrolyzed to ADP which then dissociates from HSP90 and directs the protein back to the resting state. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18400751}.
Biophysicochemical properties:		Kinetic parameters: KM=300 uM for ATP {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18400751};
Subunit:		Monomer (PubMed:24880080). Homodimer (PubMed:7588731, PubMed:18400751). Forms a complex with CDK6 and CDC37 (PubMed:9482106, PubMed:25486457). Interacts with UNC45A; binding to UNC45A involves 2 UNC45A monomers per HSP90AB1 dimer (PubMed:16478993). Interacts with CHORDC1 (By similarity). Interacts with DNAJC7 (PubMed:18620420). Interacts with FKBP4 (PubMed:15159550). May interact with NWD1 (PubMed:24681825). Interacts with SGTA (PubMed:16580629). Interacts with HSF1 in an ATP-dependent manner. Interacts with MET; the interaction suppresses MET kinase activity. Interacts with ERBB2 in an ATP-dependent manner; the interaction suppresses ERBB2 kinase activity. Interacts with HIF1A, KEAP1 and RHOBTB2 (PubMed:26517842). Interacts with STUB1 and SMAD3 (PubMed:24613385). Interacts with XPO1 and AHSA1 (PubMed:22022502, PubMed:25486457). Interacts with BIRC2 (PubMed:25486457). Interacts with KCNQ4; promotes cell surface expression of KCNQ4 (PubMed:23431407). Interacts with BIRC2; prevents auto-ubiquitination and degradation of its client protein BIRC2 (PubMed:18239673). Interacts with NOS3 (PubMed:23585225). Interacts with AHR; interaction is inhibited by HSP90AB1 phosphorylation on Ser- 226 and Ser-255 (PubMed:15581363). Interacts with STIP1 and CDC37; upon SMYD2-dependent methylation (PubMed:24880080). Interacts with JAK2 and PRKCE; promotes functional activation in a heat shock-dependent manner (PubMed:20353823). Interacts with HSP90AA1; interaction is constitutive (PubMed:20353823). HSP90AB1-CDC37 chaperone complex interacts with inactive MAPK7 (via N-terminal half) in resting cells; the interaction is MAP2K5-independent and prevents from ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (PubMed:23428871). Interacts with CDC25A; prevents heat shock-mediated CDC25A degradation and contributes to cell cycle progression (PubMed:22843495). Interacts with TP53 (via DNA binding domain); suppresses TP53 aggregation and prevents from irreversible thermal inactivation (PubMed:15358771). Interacts with TGFB1 processed form (LAP); inhibits latent TGFB1 activation (PubMed:20599762). Interacts with TRIM8; prevents nucleus translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 and HSP90AB1 (By similarity). Interacts with NR3C1 (via domain NR LBD) and NR1D1 (via domain NR LBD) (By similarity). Interacts with PDCL3 (By similarity). Interacts with TTC4 (via TPR repeats) (PubMed:18320024). Interacts with IL1B; the interaction facilitates cargo translocation into the ERGIC (PubMed:32272059). {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P11499, ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P34058, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15159550, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15358771, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15581363, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16478993, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16580629, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18239673, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18320024, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18400751, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18620420, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20353823, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20599762, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22022502, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22843495, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23428871, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23431407, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23585225, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24613385, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24681825, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24880080, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25486457, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26517842, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:32272059, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:7588731, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9482106}.
Subcellular location:		Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16580629, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18239673, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24880080, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9482106}. Melanosome {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17081065}. Nucleus {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18239673}. Secreted {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20599762}. Cell membrane {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20599762}. Dynein axonemal particle {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:Q6AZV1}. Note=Identified by mass spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV (PubMed:17081065). Translocates with BIRC2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during differentiation (PubMed:18239673). Secreted when associated with TGFB1 processed form (LAP) (PubMed:20599762). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17081065, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18239673, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20599762}.
Induction:		By heat shock. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20353823}.
Domain:		The TPR repeat-binding motif mediates interaction with TPR repeat-containing proteins. {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P07900}.
Ptm:		Ubiquitinated in the presence of STUB1-UBE2D1 complex (in vitro). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18042044}.
Ptm:		ISGylated. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16139798}.
Ptm:		S-nitrosylated; negatively regulates the ATPase activity. {ECO:0000305\|PubMed:19696785}.
Ptm:		Phosphorylation at Tyr-301 by SRC is induced by lipopolysaccharide (PubMed:23585225). Phosphorylation at Ser-226 and Ser-255 inhibits AHR interaction (PubMed:15581363). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15581363, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23585225}.
Ptm:		Methylated by SMYD2; facilitates dimerization and chaperone complex formation; promotes cancer cell proliferation. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24880080}.
Ptm:		Cleaved following oxidative stress resulting in HSP90AB1 protein radicals formation; disrupts the chaperoning function and the degradation of its client proteins. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22848402}.
Similarity:		Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family. {ECO:0000305}.
Sequence caution:		Sequence=AAD14062.3; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Truncated N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=CAB66478.1; Type=Frameshift; Evidence={ECO:0000305};