UniProt functional annotation for P19490



	UniProt functional annotation for P19490

UniProt code: P19490.

Organism: Rattus norvegicus (Rat).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.

Function: Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16793768, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19265014}.

Subunit: Homotetramer or heterotetramer of pore-forming glutamate receptor subunits (PubMed:21639859). Tetramers may be formed by the dimerization of dimers (By similarity). Interacts with HIP1 and RASGRF2. Interacts with SYNDIG1 and GRIA2 (By similarity). Interacts with DLG1 (via C-terminus) (PubMed:12070168, PubMed:17069616, PubMed:9677374). Interacts with LRFN1 (PubMed:16630835). Interacts with PRKG2 (PubMed:18031684). Interacts with CNIH2 and CACNG2 (PubMed:20805473). Interacts with CACNG5 (PubMed:18817736, PubMed:19234459). Interacts (via C-terminus) with PDLIM4 (via LIM domain); this interaction as well as the interaction of PDLIM4 with alpha-actinin is required for their colocalization in early endosomes (PubMed:15456832). Found in a complex with GRIA2, GRIA3, GRIA4, CNIH2, CNIH3, CACNG2, CACNG3, CACNG4, CACNG5, CACNG7 and CACNG8 (PubMed:16793768, PubMed:19265014). Interacts with SNX27 (via PDZ domain); the interaction is required for recycling to the plasma membrane when endocytosed and prevent degradation in lysosomes. Interacts (via PDZ-binding motif) with SHANK3 (via PDZ domain) (By similarity). Interacts with CACNG3; associates GRIA1 with the adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) to target GRIA1 to the somatodendritic compartment of neurons (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P23818, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P42261, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12070168, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15456832, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16630835, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16793768, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17069616, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18031684, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18817736, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19234459, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19265014, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20805473, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21639859, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9677374}.

Subcellular location: Cell membrane {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P23818}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P23818}. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15456832}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P23818}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P23818}. Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic density membrane {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P23818}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. Cell projection, dendrite {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P23818}. Cell projection, dendritic spine {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P23818}. Early endosome membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15456832}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. Recycling endosome membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15456832}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. Note=Interaction with CACNG2, CNIH2 and CNIH3 promotes cell surface expression (PubMed:19265014). Colocalizes with PDLIM4 in early endosomes (PubMed:15456832). Displays a somatodendritic localization and is excluded from axons in neurons (By similarity). Localized to cone photoreceptor pedicles (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P23818, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15456832, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19265014}.

Tissue specificity: Detected in cerebellum (at protein level). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12070168}.

Domain: The M4 transmembrane segment mediates tetramerization and is required for cell surface expression. {ECO:0000250}.

Ptm: Palmitoylated. Depalmitoylated upon glutamate stimulation. Cys-603 palmitoylation leads to Golgi retention and decreased cell surface expression. In contrast, Cys-829 palmitoylation does not affect cell surface expression but regulates stimulation-dependent endocytosis (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.

Ptm: Phosphorylated at Ser-645 (PubMed:7877986). Phosphorylated at Ser- 710 by PKC (PubMed:8848293). Phosphorylated at Ser-849 by PKC, PKA and CAMK2 (PubMed:9405465). Phosphorylated at Ser-863 by PKC, PKA and PRKG2 (PubMed:18031684, PubMed:9405465). Phosphorylation of Ser-863 is reduced by induction of long-term depression and increased by induction of long-term potentiation (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P23818, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18031684, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7877986, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8848293, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9405465}.

Polymorphism: Both variants Ser-710 and Thr-710 are phosphorylated at this position.

Miscellaneous: The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds AMPA (quisqualate) > glutamate > kainate.

Similarity: Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family. GRIA1 subfamily. {ECO:0000305}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Rattus norvegicus (Rat).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.



Function:		Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16793768, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19265014}.


Subunit:		Homotetramer or heterotetramer of pore-forming glutamate receptor subunits (PubMed:21639859). Tetramers may be formed by the dimerization of dimers (By similarity). Interacts with HIP1 and RASGRF2. Interacts with SYNDIG1 and GRIA2 (By similarity). Interacts with DLG1 (via C-terminus) (PubMed:12070168, PubMed:17069616, PubMed:9677374). Interacts with LRFN1 (PubMed:16630835). Interacts with PRKG2 (PubMed:18031684). Interacts with CNIH2 and CACNG2 (PubMed:20805473). Interacts with CACNG5 (PubMed:18817736, PubMed:19234459). Interacts (via C-terminus) with PDLIM4 (via LIM domain); this interaction as well as the interaction of PDLIM4 with alpha-actinin is required for their colocalization in early endosomes (PubMed:15456832). Found in a complex with GRIA2, GRIA3, GRIA4, CNIH2, CNIH3, CACNG2, CACNG3, CACNG4, CACNG5, CACNG7 and CACNG8 (PubMed:16793768, PubMed:19265014). Interacts with SNX27 (via PDZ domain); the interaction is required for recycling to the plasma membrane when endocytosed and prevent degradation in lysosomes. Interacts (via PDZ-binding motif) with SHANK3 (via PDZ domain) (By similarity). Interacts with CACNG3; associates GRIA1 with the adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) to target GRIA1 to the somatodendritic compartment of neurons (By similarity). {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P23818, ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P42261, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12070168, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15456832, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16630835, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16793768, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17069616, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18031684, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18817736, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19234459, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19265014, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20805473, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21639859, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9677374}.
Subcellular location:		Cell membrane {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P23818}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P23818}. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15456832}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P23818}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P23818}. Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic density membrane {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P23818}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. Cell projection, dendrite {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P23818}. Cell projection, dendritic spine {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P23818}. Early endosome membrane {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15456832}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. Recycling endosome membrane {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15456832}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. Note=Interaction with CACNG2, CNIH2 and CNIH3 promotes cell surface expression (PubMed:19265014). Colocalizes with PDLIM4 in early endosomes (PubMed:15456832). Displays a somatodendritic localization and is excluded from axons in neurons (By similarity). Localized to cone photoreceptor pedicles (By similarity). {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P23818, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15456832, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19265014}.
Tissue specificity:		Detected in cerebellum (at protein level). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12070168}.
Domain:		The M4 transmembrane segment mediates tetramerization and is required for cell surface expression. {ECO:0000250}.
Ptm:		Palmitoylated. Depalmitoylated upon glutamate stimulation. Cys-603 palmitoylation leads to Golgi retention and decreased cell surface expression. In contrast, Cys-829 palmitoylation does not affect cell surface expression but regulates stimulation-dependent endocytosis (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
Ptm:		Phosphorylated at Ser-645 (PubMed:7877986). Phosphorylated at Ser- 710 by PKC (PubMed:8848293). Phosphorylated at Ser-849 by PKC, PKA and CAMK2 (PubMed:9405465). Phosphorylated at Ser-863 by PKC, PKA and PRKG2 (PubMed:18031684, PubMed:9405465). Phosphorylation of Ser-863 is reduced by induction of long-term depression and increased by induction of long-term potentiation (By similarity). {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P23818, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18031684, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:7877986, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8848293, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9405465}.
Polymorphism:		Both variants Ser-710 and Thr-710 are phosphorylated at this position.
Miscellaneous:		The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds AMPA (quisqualate) > glutamate > kainate.
Similarity:		Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family. GRIA1 subfamily. {ECO:0000305}.