UniProt functional annotation for P02699



	UniProt functional annotation for P02699

UniProt code: P02699.

Organism: Bos taurus (Bovine).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Artiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae; Bovinae; Bos.

Function: Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth (By similarity). Light-induced isomerization of 11-cis to all-trans retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G- proteins (PubMed:10926528, PubMed:12044163, PubMed:11972040, PubMed:16908857, PubMed:16586416, PubMed:17060607, PubMed:17449675, PubMed:18818650, PubMed:21389983, PubMed:22198838, PubMed:23579341, PubMed:25205354, PubMed:27458239). Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by the arrestin SAG and terminates signaling (PubMed:1396673, PubMed:15111114). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P08100, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1396673, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16586416, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16908857, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17060607, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17449675, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18818650, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21389983, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22198838, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23579341, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25205354, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27458239, ECO:0000305|PubMed:10926528, ECO:0000305|PubMed:11972040, ECO:0000305|PubMed:12044163, ECO:0000305|PubMed:15111114, ECO:0000305|PubMed:26526852}.

Subunit: Homodimer (PubMed:23303210, PubMed:18563085). May form a complex composed of RHO, GRK1 and RCVRN in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner; RCVRN prevents the interaction between GRK1 and RHO (PubMed:17020884). Interacts with GRK1 (By similarity). Interacts (phosphorylated form) with SAG (PubMed:26200343, PubMed:15111114, PubMed:15351781, PubMed:23579341, PubMed:25205354). Interacts with GNAT1 (PubMed:23303210, PubMed:28655769, PubMed:18818650, PubMed:21389983, PubMed:23579341, PubMed:26526852). Interacts with GNAT3 (PubMed:22198838, PubMed:27458239). SAG and G-proteins compete for a common binding site (By similarity). Interacts with PRCD; the interaction promotes PRCD stability (PubMed:27509380). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P08100, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11425302, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15111114, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15351781, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16586416, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17020884, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17449675, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18563085, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18818650, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21389983, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22198838, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23303210, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23579341, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25205354, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26200343, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26526852, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27458239, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27509380, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28655769}.

Subcellular location: Membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10926528, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22198838, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23303210, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27509380, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3350146, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9541408}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10926528, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11425302, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11972040, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15327956, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15491621, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16586416, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16908857, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17060607, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17449675, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17825322, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18563085, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18645239, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18818650, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21389983, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22198838, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23579341, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25205354, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26526852, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27458239}. Cell projection, cilium, photoreceptor outer segment {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27509380, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28655769, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3350146, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9541408}. Note=Synthesized in the inner segment (IS) of rod photoreceptor cells before vectorial transport to disk membranes in the rod outer segment (OS) photosensory cilia. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P08100}.

Tissue specificity: Expressed in rod-shaped photoreceptor cells in the retina that mediate vision in dim light (at protein level). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23303210, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28655769, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3350146, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9541408}.

Ptm: Phosphorylated on some or all of the serine and threonine residues present in the C-terminal region. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:1396673, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15111114, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15351781}.

Ptm: Contains one covalently linked retinal chromophore. Upon light absorption, the covalently bound 11-cis-retinal is converted to all- trans-retinal. After hydrolysis of the Schiff base and release of the covalently bound all-trans-retinal, active rhodopsin is regenerated by binding of a fresh molecule of 11-cis-retinal. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10926528, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11425302, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11972040, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12044163, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15327956, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15491621, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16586416, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16908857, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17449675, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21389983, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22198838, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23303210, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27458239, ECO:0000269|PubMed:6870827, ECO:0000305|PubMed:6759163}.

Similarity: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily. {ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00521}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Bos taurus (Bovine).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Artiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae; Bovinae; Bos.



Function:		Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth (By similarity). Light-induced isomerization of 11-cis to all-trans retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G- proteins (PubMed:10926528, PubMed:12044163, PubMed:11972040, PubMed:16908857, PubMed:16586416, PubMed:17060607, PubMed:17449675, PubMed:18818650, PubMed:21389983, PubMed:22198838, PubMed:23579341, PubMed:25205354, PubMed:27458239). Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by the arrestin SAG and terminates signaling (PubMed:1396673, PubMed:15111114). {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P08100, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:1396673, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16586416, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16908857, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17060607, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17449675, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18818650, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21389983, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22198838, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23579341, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25205354, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:27458239, ECO:0000305\|PubMed:10926528, ECO:0000305\|PubMed:11972040, ECO:0000305\|PubMed:12044163, ECO:0000305\|PubMed:15111114, ECO:0000305\|PubMed:26526852}.


Subunit:		Homodimer (PubMed:23303210, PubMed:18563085). May form a complex composed of RHO, GRK1 and RCVRN in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner; RCVRN prevents the interaction between GRK1 and RHO (PubMed:17020884). Interacts with GRK1 (By similarity). Interacts (phosphorylated form) with SAG (PubMed:26200343, PubMed:15111114, PubMed:15351781, PubMed:23579341, PubMed:25205354). Interacts with GNAT1 (PubMed:23303210, PubMed:28655769, PubMed:18818650, PubMed:21389983, PubMed:23579341, PubMed:26526852). Interacts with GNAT3 (PubMed:22198838, PubMed:27458239). SAG and G-proteins compete for a common binding site (By similarity). Interacts with PRCD; the interaction promotes PRCD stability (PubMed:27509380). {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P08100, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11425302, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15111114, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15351781, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16586416, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17020884, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17449675, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18563085, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18818650, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21389983, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22198838, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23303210, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23579341, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25205354, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26200343, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26526852, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:27458239, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:27509380, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:28655769}.
Subcellular location:		Membrane {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10926528, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22198838, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23303210, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:27509380, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:3350146, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9541408}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10926528, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11425302, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11972040, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15327956, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15491621, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16586416, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16908857, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17060607, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17449675, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17825322, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18563085, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18645239, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18818650, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21389983, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22198838, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23579341, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25205354, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26526852, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:27458239}. Cell projection, cilium, photoreceptor outer segment {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:27509380, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:28655769, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:3350146, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9541408}. Note=Synthesized in the inner segment (IS) of rod photoreceptor cells before vectorial transport to disk membranes in the rod outer segment (OS) photosensory cilia. {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P08100}.
Tissue specificity:		Expressed in rod-shaped photoreceptor cells in the retina that mediate vision in dim light (at protein level). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23303210, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:28655769, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:3350146, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9541408}.
Ptm:		Phosphorylated on some or all of the serine and threonine residues present in the C-terminal region. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:1396673, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15111114, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15351781}.
Ptm:		Contains one covalently linked retinal chromophore. Upon light absorption, the covalently bound 11-cis-retinal is converted to all- trans-retinal. After hydrolysis of the Schiff base and release of the covalently bound all-trans-retinal, active rhodopsin is regenerated by binding of a fresh molecule of 11-cis-retinal. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10926528, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11425302, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11972040, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12044163, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15327956, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15491621, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16586416, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16908857, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17449675, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21389983, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22198838, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23303210, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:27458239, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:6870827, ECO:0000305\|PubMed:6759163}.
Similarity:		Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily. {ECO:0000255\|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00521}.