UniProt functional annotation for P15423



	UniProt functional annotation for P15423

UniProt code: P15423.

Organism: Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E).

Taxonomy: Viruses; Riboviria; Orthornavirae; Pisuviricota; Pisoniviricetes; Nidovirales; Cornidovirineae; Coronaviridae; Orthocoronavirinae; Alphacoronavirus; Duvinacovirus.

Function: S1 region attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host ANPEP/aminopeptidase N, initiating the infection. Binding to the receptor probably induces conformational changes in the S glycoprotein unmasking the fusion peptide of S2 region and activating membranes fusion. S2 region belongs to the class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least 3 conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) regions assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04200, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12551991, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12634402, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1350662, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8970993}.

Subunit: Homotrimer. During virus morphogenesis, found in a complex with M and HE proteins. Interacts with host ANPEP. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP- Rule:MF_04200, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12551991, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12634402, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1350662, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8970993}.

Subcellular location: Virion membrane {ECO:0000255|HAMAP- Rule:MF_04200}; Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP- Rule:MF_04200}. Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04200}; Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04200}. Note=Accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, where it participates in virus particle assembly. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04200}.

Domain: The KxHxx motif seems to function as an ER retrieval signal. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04200}.

Similarity: Belongs to the alphacoronaviruses spike protein family. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04200}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E).
Taxonomy:		Viruses; Riboviria; Orthornavirae; Pisuviricota; Pisoniviricetes; Nidovirales; Cornidovirineae; Coronaviridae; Orthocoronavirinae; Alphacoronavirus; Duvinacovirus.



Function:		S1 region attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host ANPEP/aminopeptidase N, initiating the infection. Binding to the receptor probably induces conformational changes in the S glycoprotein unmasking the fusion peptide of S2 region and activating membranes fusion. S2 region belongs to the class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least 3 conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) regions assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes. {ECO:0000255\|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04200, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12551991, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12634402, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:1350662, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8970993}.


Subunit:		Homotrimer. During virus morphogenesis, found in a complex with M and HE proteins. Interacts with host ANPEP. {ECO:0000255\|HAMAP- Rule:MF_04200, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12551991, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12634402, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:1350662, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8970993}.
Subcellular location:		Virion membrane {ECO:0000255\|HAMAP- Rule:MF_04200}; Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255\|HAMAP- Rule:MF_04200}. Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane {ECO:0000255\|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04200}; Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255\|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04200}. Note=Accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, where it participates in virus particle assembly. {ECO:0000255\|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04200}.
Domain:		The KxHxx motif seems to function as an ER retrieval signal. {ECO:0000255\|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04200}.
Similarity:		Belongs to the alphacoronaviruses spike protein family. {ECO:0000255\|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04200}.