PDBsum entry 6bcf

Hydrolase/DNA

PDB id: 6bcf

Contents

Protein chains

288 a.a.

DNA/RNA

Metals

_CA ×12

References listed in PDB file

Key reference

• Title: Active site residue identity regulates cleavage preference of laglidadg homing endonucleases.
• Authors: T.A.Mcmurrough, C.M.Brown, K.Zhang, G.Hausner, M.S.Junop, G.B.Gloor, D.R.Edgell.
• Ref.: Nucleic Acids Res, 2018, 46, 11990-12007. [DOI no: 10.1093/nar/gky976]
• PubMed id: 30357419

Abstract

LAGLIDADG homing endonucleases (meganucleases) are site-specific mobile endonucleases that can be adapted for genome-editing applications. However, one problem when reprogramming meganucleases on non-native substrates is indirect readout of DNA shape and flexibility at the central 4 bases where cleavage occurs. To understand how the meganuclease active site regulates DNA cleavage, we used functional selections and deep sequencing to profile the fitness landscape of 1600 I-LtrI and I-OnuI active site variants individually challenged with 67 substrates with central 4 base substitutions. The wild-type active site was not optimal for cleavage on many substrates, including the native I-LtrI and I-OnuI targets. Novel combinations of active site residues not observed in known meganucleases supported activity on substrates poorly cleaved by the wild-type enzymes. Strikingly, combinations of E or D substitutions in the two metal-binding residues greatly influenced cleavage activity, and E184D variants had a broadened cleavage profile. Analyses of I-LtrI E184D and the wild-type proteins co-crystallized with the non-cognate AACC central 4 sequence revealed structural differences that correlated with kinetic constants for cleavage of individual DNA strands. Optimizing meganuclease active sites to enhance cleavage of non-native central 4 target sites is a straightforward addition to engineering workflows that will expand genome-editing applications.