UniProt functional annotation for Q8MVB6



	UniProt functional annotation for Q8MVB6

UniProt code: Q8MVB6.

Organism: Ixodes scapularis (Black-legged tick) (Deer tick).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Chelicerata; Arachnida; Acari; Parasitiformes; Ixodida; Ixodoidea; Ixodidae; Ixodinae; Ixodes.

Function: Inhibitor of cysteine proteinases. Inhibits host immune responses via its inhibition of host cathepsins (PubMed:19494265). Contributes to the suppression of the host's immune response to tick salivary proteins and is important for successful feeding on hosts (PubMed:17698852). Inhibits differentiation of host dendritic cells (PubMed:19494265, PubMed:25975355). Inhibits proliferation of host T- cells in response to antigen stimulus (PubMed:19494265). Down-regulates TLR2-mediated host responses to infection by B.burgdorferi and the production of the chemokine CCL3 by host dendritic cells (PubMed:25975355). Down-regulates host responses to infection by B.burgdorferi and the production of IFNB1 by host dendritic cells (PubMed:25975355). Down-regulates IL1B production by host mast cells, and this then leads to impaired activation of IL1R1, resulting in decreased IL9 production (PubMed:26078269). Inhibits host inflammatory reactions and recruitment of host neutrophils (PubMed:16772304). Inhibits papain and cathepsin-L (CTSL) (in vitro) (PubMed:16772304, PubMed:17698852, PubMed:20545851). Inhibits cathepsin-S (CTSS) (in vitro) (PubMed:17698852, PubMed:20545851). Inhibits CTSV and CTSC, but to a lesser degree (in vitro) (PubMed:16772304, PubMed:17698852). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16772304, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17698852, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19494265, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20545851, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25975355, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26078269}.

Subunit: Monomer. Can form homodimers in vitro, but probably not in vivo. Homodimers are predicted to be inactive; dimerization disrupts the interaction with target proteases. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20545851}.

Subcellular location: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16772304}.

Tissue specificity: Detected in saliva (at protein level) (PubMed:16772304). Detected in salivary gland and midgut (PubMed:17698852). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16772304, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17698852}.

Disruption phenotype: Combined, RNAi-mediated down-regulation of Salivary cystatin-L and Salivary cystatin-L2 in salivary glands strongly impairs the tick's ability to feed on hosts. About 40% of the ticks cannot feed and die. The remainder show much reduced blood intake, appear unhealthy and display strongly reduced egg laying. RNAi- treated ticks show an impaired ability to suppress the host's immune response to tick salivary proteins. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17698852}.

Similarity: Belongs to the cystatin family. {ECO:0000305}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Ixodes scapularis (Black-legged tick) (Deer tick).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Chelicerata; Arachnida; Acari; Parasitiformes; Ixodida; Ixodoidea; Ixodidae; Ixodinae; Ixodes.



Function:		Inhibitor of cysteine proteinases. Inhibits host immune responses via its inhibition of host cathepsins (PubMed:19494265). Contributes to the suppression of the host's immune response to tick salivary proteins and is important for successful feeding on hosts (PubMed:17698852). Inhibits differentiation of host dendritic cells (PubMed:19494265, PubMed:25975355). Inhibits proliferation of host T- cells in response to antigen stimulus (PubMed:19494265). Down-regulates TLR2-mediated host responses to infection by B.burgdorferi and the production of the chemokine CCL3 by host dendritic cells (PubMed:25975355). Down-regulates host responses to infection by B.burgdorferi and the production of IFNB1 by host dendritic cells (PubMed:25975355). Down-regulates IL1B production by host mast cells, and this then leads to impaired activation of IL1R1, resulting in decreased IL9 production (PubMed:26078269). Inhibits host inflammatory reactions and recruitment of host neutrophils (PubMed:16772304). Inhibits papain and cathepsin-L (CTSL) (in vitro) (PubMed:16772304, PubMed:17698852, PubMed:20545851). Inhibits cathepsin-S (CTSS) (in vitro) (PubMed:17698852, PubMed:20545851). Inhibits CTSV and CTSC, but to a lesser degree (in vitro) (PubMed:16772304, PubMed:17698852). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16772304, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17698852, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19494265, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20545851, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25975355, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26078269}.


Subunit:		Monomer. Can form homodimers in vitro, but probably not in vivo. Homodimers are predicted to be inactive; dimerization disrupts the interaction with target proteases. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20545851}.
Subcellular location:		Secreted {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16772304}.
Tissue specificity:		Detected in saliva (at protein level) (PubMed:16772304). Detected in salivary gland and midgut (PubMed:17698852). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16772304, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17698852}.
Disruption phenotype:		Combined, RNAi-mediated down-regulation of Salivary cystatin-L and Salivary cystatin-L2 in salivary glands strongly impairs the tick's ability to feed on hosts. About 40% of the ticks cannot feed and die. The remainder show much reduced blood intake, appear unhealthy and display strongly reduced egg laying. RNAi- treated ticks show an impaired ability to suppress the host's immune response to tick salivary proteins. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17698852}.
Similarity:		Belongs to the cystatin family. {ECO:0000305}.