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PDBsum entry 4zgs
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Oxidoreductase
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PDB id
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4zgs
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References listed in PDB file
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Key reference
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Title
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Identification of the elusive pyruvate reductase of chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplasts.
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Authors
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S.J.Burgess,
H.Taha,
J.A.Yeoman,
O.Iamshanova,
K.X.Chan,
M.Boehm,
V.Behrends,
J.G.Bundy,
W.Bialek,
J.W.Murray,
P.J.Nixon.
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Ref.
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Plant Cell Physiol, 2016,
57,
82-94.
[DOI no: ]
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PubMed id
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Abstract
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Under anoxic conditions the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii activates
various fermentation pathways leading to the creation of formate, acetate,
ethanol and small amounts of other metabolites including d-lactate and hydrogen.
Progress has been made in identifying the enzymes involved in these pathways and
their subcellular locations; however, the identity of the enzyme involved in
reducing pyruvate to d-lactate has remained unclear. Based on sequence
comparisons, enzyme activity measurements, X-ray crystallography, biochemical
fractionation and analysis of knock-down mutants, we conclude that pyruvate
reduction in the chloroplast is catalyzed by a tetrameric NAD(+)-dependent
d-lactate dehydrogenase encoded by Cre07.g324550. Its expression during aerobic
growth supports a possible function as a 'lactate valve' for the export of
lactate to the mitochondrion for oxidation by cytochrome-dependent d-lactate
dehydrogenases and by glycolate dehydrogenase. We also present a revised spatial
model of fermentation based on our immunochemical detection of the likely
pyruvate decarboxylase, PDC3, in the cytoplasm.
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