UniProt functional annotation for Q9H492



	UniProt functional annotation for Q9H492

UniProt code: Q9H492.

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.

Function: Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes) (PubMed:20713600, PubMed:24290141). While LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation (PubMed:20713600). Through its interaction with the reticulophagy receptor TEX264, participates in the remodeling of subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum into autophagosomes upon nutrient stress, which then fuse with lysosomes for endoplasmic reticulum turnover (PubMed:31006538, PubMed:31006537). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20713600, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24290141, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31006537, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31006538}.

Subunit: 3 different light chains, LC1, LC2 and LC3, can associate with MAP1A and MAP1B proteins (By similarity). Interacts with TP53INP1 and TP53INP2 (PubMed:19056683, PubMed:22470510). Directly interacts with SQSTM1; this interaction leads to MAP1LC3A recruitment to inclusion bodies containing polyubiquitinated protein aggregates and to inclusion body degradation by autophagy (PubMed:17580304). Interacts with ATG13 (PubMed:24290141, PubMed:23043107). Interacts with ULK1 (PubMed:23043107). Interacts with TBC1D5 (PubMed:22354992). Found in a complex with UBQLN1 and UBQLN2 (PubMed:20529957). Interacts with UBQLN4 (via STI1 1 and 2 domains). Interacts with UBQLN1 in the presence of UBQLN4 (PubMed:23459205). Interacts with TRIM5 (PubMed:25127057). Interacts with MEFV (PubMed:26347139). Interacts with RETREG1, RETREG2 and RETREG3 (PubMed:26040720). Interacts with PICALM. Interacts with the reticulophagy receptor TEX264 (PubMed:31006538, PubMed:31006537). {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11096062, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11825910, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17580304, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19056683, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20529957, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22354992, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22470510, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23043107, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23459205, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24067654, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24290141, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25127057, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26040720, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26347139, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31006537, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31006538}.

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Endomembrane system; Lipid-anchor. Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome membrane; Lipid- anchor. Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20529957, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23459205}. Note=LC3-II binds to the autophagic membranes.

Tissue specificity: Most abundant in heart, brain, liver, skeletal muscle and testis but absent in thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12740394}.

Ptm: The precursor molecule is cleaved by ATG4B to form the cytosolic form, LC3-I. This is activated by APG7L/ATG7, transferred to ATG3 and conjugated to phospholipid to form the membrane-bound form, LC3-II (PubMed:15187094). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15187094}.

Ptm: The Legionella effector RavZ is a deconjugating enzyme that produces an ATG8 product that would be resistant to reconjugation by the host machinery due to the cleavage of the reactive C-terminal glycine. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15187094}.

Ptm: Phosphorylation at Ser-12 by PKA inhibits conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Interaction with MAPK15 reduces the inhibitory phosphorylation and increases autophagy activity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15187094, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20713600}.

Similarity: Belongs to the ATG8 family. {ECO:0000305}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.



Function:		Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes) (PubMed:20713600, PubMed:24290141). While LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation (PubMed:20713600). Through its interaction with the reticulophagy receptor TEX264, participates in the remodeling of subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum into autophagosomes upon nutrient stress, which then fuse with lysosomes for endoplasmic reticulum turnover (PubMed:31006538, PubMed:31006537). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20713600, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24290141, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:31006537, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:31006538}.


Subunit:		3 different light chains, LC1, LC2 and LC3, can associate with MAP1A and MAP1B proteins (By similarity). Interacts with TP53INP1 and TP53INP2 (PubMed:19056683, PubMed:22470510). Directly interacts with SQSTM1; this interaction leads to MAP1LC3A recruitment to inclusion bodies containing polyubiquitinated protein aggregates and to inclusion body degradation by autophagy (PubMed:17580304). Interacts with ATG13 (PubMed:24290141, PubMed:23043107). Interacts with ULK1 (PubMed:23043107). Interacts with TBC1D5 (PubMed:22354992). Found in a complex with UBQLN1 and UBQLN2 (PubMed:20529957). Interacts with UBQLN4 (via STI1 1 and 2 domains). Interacts with UBQLN1 in the presence of UBQLN4 (PubMed:23459205). Interacts with TRIM5 (PubMed:25127057). Interacts with MEFV (PubMed:26347139). Interacts with RETREG1, RETREG2 and RETREG3 (PubMed:26040720). Interacts with PICALM. Interacts with the reticulophagy receptor TEX264 (PubMed:31006538, PubMed:31006537). {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11096062, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11825910, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17580304, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19056683, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20529957, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22354992, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22470510, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23043107, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23459205, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24067654, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24290141, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25127057, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26040720, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26347139, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:31006537, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:31006538}.
Subcellular location:		Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Endomembrane system; Lipid-anchor. Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome membrane; Lipid- anchor. Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20529957, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23459205}. Note=LC3-II binds to the autophagic membranes.
Tissue specificity:		Most abundant in heart, brain, liver, skeletal muscle and testis but absent in thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12740394}.
Ptm:		The precursor molecule is cleaved by ATG4B to form the cytosolic form, LC3-I. This is activated by APG7L/ATG7, transferred to ATG3 and conjugated to phospholipid to form the membrane-bound form, LC3-II (PubMed:15187094). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15187094}.
Ptm:		The Legionella effector RavZ is a deconjugating enzyme that produces an ATG8 product that would be resistant to reconjugation by the host machinery due to the cleavage of the reactive C-terminal glycine. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15187094}.
Ptm:		Phosphorylation at Ser-12 by PKA inhibits conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Interaction with MAPK15 reduces the inhibitory phosphorylation and increases autophagy activity. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15187094, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20713600}.
Similarity:		Belongs to the ATG8 family. {ECO:0000305}.