UniProt functional annotation for P09104



	UniProt functional annotation for P09104

UniProt code: P09104.

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.

Function: Has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties on a broad spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) neurons. Binds, in a calcium- dependent manner, to cultured neocortical neurons and promotes cell survival (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.

Catalytic activity: Reaction=(2R)-2-phosphoglycerate = H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:10164, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:58289, ChEBI:CHEBI:58702; EC=4.2.1.11;

Cofactor: Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420; Note=Mg(2+) is required for catalysis and for stabilizing the dimer.;

Pathway: Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D- glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 4/5.

Subunit: Mammalian enolase is composed of 3 isozyme subunits, alpha, beta and gamma, which can form homodimers or heterodimers which are cell-type and development-specific. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15289101}.

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250}. Cell membrane {ECO:0000250}. Note=Can translocate to the plasma membrane in either the homodimeric (alpha/alpha) or heterodimeric (alpha/gamma) form. {ECO:0000250}.

Tissue specificity: The alpha/alpha homodimer is expressed in embryo and in most adult tissues. The alpha/beta heterodimer and the beta/beta homodimer are found in striated muscle, and the alpha/gamma heterodimer and the gamma/gamma homodimer in neurons.

Developmental stage: During ontogenesis, there is a transition from the alpha/alpha homodimer to the alpha/beta heterodimer in striated muscle cells, and to the alpha/gamma heterodimer in nerve cells.

Induction: Levels of ENO2 increase dramatically in cardiovascular accidents, cerebral trauma, brain tumors and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Similarity: Belongs to the enolase family. {ECO:0000305}.

Sequence caution: Sequence=AAA52388.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305};

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.



Function:		Has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties on a broad spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) neurons. Binds, in a calcium- dependent manner, to cultured neocortical neurons and promotes cell survival (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.


Catalytic activity:		Reaction=(2R)-2-phosphoglycerate = H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:10164, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:58289, ChEBI:CHEBI:58702; EC=4.2.1.11;
Cofactor:		Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420; Note=Mg(2+) is required for catalysis and for stabilizing the dimer.;
Pathway:		Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D- glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 4/5.
Subunit:		Mammalian enolase is composed of 3 isozyme subunits, alpha, beta and gamma, which can form homodimers or heterodimers which are cell-type and development-specific. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15289101}.
Subcellular location:		Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250}. Cell membrane {ECO:0000250}. Note=Can translocate to the plasma membrane in either the homodimeric (alpha/alpha) or heterodimeric (alpha/gamma) form. {ECO:0000250}.
Tissue specificity:		The alpha/alpha homodimer is expressed in embryo and in most adult tissues. The alpha/beta heterodimer and the beta/beta homodimer are found in striated muscle, and the alpha/gamma heterodimer and the gamma/gamma homodimer in neurons.
Developmental stage:		During ontogenesis, there is a transition from the alpha/alpha homodimer to the alpha/beta heterodimer in striated muscle cells, and to the alpha/gamma heterodimer in nerve cells.
Induction:		Levels of ENO2 increase dramatically in cardiovascular accidents, cerebral trauma, brain tumors and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Similarity:		Belongs to the enolase family. {ECO:0000305}.
Sequence caution:		Sequence=AAA52388.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305};