UniProt functional annotation for P04792



	UniProt functional annotation for P04792

UniProt code: P04792.

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.

Function: Small heat shock protein which functions as a molecular chaperone probably maintaining denatured proteins in a folding- competent state (PubMed:10383393, PubMed:20178975). Plays a role in stress resistance and actin organization (PubMed:19166925). Through its molecular chaperone activity may regulate numerous biological processes including the phosphorylation and the axonal transport of neurofilament proteins (PubMed:23728742). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10383393, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19166925, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20178975, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23728742}.

Subunit: Homooligomer (PubMed:10383393). Homodimer; becomes monomeric upon activation (PubMed:20178975). Heterooligomer; with HSPB6 (PubMed:23948568). Associates with alpha- and beta-tubulin (PubMed:10777697). Interacts with TGFB1I1 (By similarity). Interacts with CRYAB (PubMed:1560006). Interacts with HSPB8 (PubMed:11342557). Interacts with HSPBAP1 (PubMed:10751411). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P42930, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10383393, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10751411, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10777697, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11342557, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1560006, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20178975, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23948568}.

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10777697, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28144995}. Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19464326}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10777697}. Note=Cytoplasmic in interphase cells. Colocalizes with mitotic spindles in mitotic cells. Translocates to the nucleus during heat shock and resides in sub-nuclear structures known as SC35 speckles or nuclear splicing speckles. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19464326}.

Tissue specificity: Detected in all tissues tested: skeletal muscle, heart, aorta, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, bladder, adrenal gland, thyroid, pancreas, testis, adipose tissue, kidney, liver, spleen, cerebral cortex, blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Highest levels are found in the heart and in tissues composed of striated and smooth muscle. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:1560006}.

Induction: Up-regulated in response to environmental stresses such as heat shock (PubMed:8325890). Up-regulated by estrogen stimulation (PubMed:2743305). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2743305, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8325890}.

Induction: (Microbial infection) Up-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection (at protein level). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16548883}.

Ptm: Phosphorylated upon exposure to protein kinase C activators and heat shock (PubMed:8325890). Phosphorylation by MAPKAPK2 and MAPKAPK3 in response to stress dissociates HSPB1 from large small heat-shock protein (sHsps) oligomers and impairs its chaperone activity and ability to protect against oxidative stress effectively. Phosphorylation by MAPKAPK5 in response to PKA stimulation induces F- actin rearrangement (PubMed:1332886, PubMed:8093612, PubMed:19166925). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:1332886, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19166925, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8093612, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8325890}.

Disease: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2F (CMT2F) [MIM:606595]: A dominant axonal form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder of the peripheral nervous system, characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy, initially of the peroneal muscles and later of the distal muscles of the arms. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is classified in two main groups on the basis of electrophysiologic properties and histopathology: primary peripheral demyelinating neuropathies (designated CMT1 when they are dominantly inherited) and primary peripheral axonal neuropathies (CMT2). Neuropathies of the CMT2 group are characterized by signs of axonal degeneration in the absence of obvious myelin alterations, normal or slightly reduced nerve conduction velocities, and progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy. Onset of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2F is between 15 and 25 years with muscle weakness and atrophy usually beginning in feet and legs (peroneal distribution). Upper limb involvement occurs later. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15122254, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20178975, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22176143, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22206013, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23728742}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Disease: Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, 2B (HMN2B) [MIM:608634]: A neuromuscular disorder. Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies constitute a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders caused by selective degeneration of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, without sensory deficit in the posterior horn. The overall clinical picture consists of a classical distal muscular atrophy syndrome in the legs without clinical sensory loss. The disease starts with weakness and wasting of distal muscles of the anterior tibial and peroneal compartments of the legs. Later on, weakness and atrophy may expand to the proximal muscles of the lower limbs and/or to the distal upper limbs. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15122254, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18832141, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18952241, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20178975, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20870250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22176143, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23643870, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23728742, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23948568, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25965061, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28144995}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity: Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family. {ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00285}.

Sequence caution: Sequence=AAA62175.1; Type=Frameshift; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=AAB20722.1; Type=Frameshift; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=CAA34498.1; Type=Frameshift; Evidence={ECO:0000305};

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.



Function:		Small heat shock protein which functions as a molecular chaperone probably maintaining denatured proteins in a folding- competent state (PubMed:10383393, PubMed:20178975). Plays a role in stress resistance and actin organization (PubMed:19166925). Through its molecular chaperone activity may regulate numerous biological processes including the phosphorylation and the axonal transport of neurofilament proteins (PubMed:23728742). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10383393, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19166925, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20178975, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23728742}.


Subunit:		Homooligomer (PubMed:10383393). Homodimer; becomes monomeric upon activation (PubMed:20178975). Heterooligomer; with HSPB6 (PubMed:23948568). Associates with alpha- and beta-tubulin (PubMed:10777697). Interacts with TGFB1I1 (By similarity). Interacts with CRYAB (PubMed:1560006). Interacts with HSPB8 (PubMed:11342557). Interacts with HSPBAP1 (PubMed:10751411). {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P42930, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10383393, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10751411, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10777697, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11342557, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:1560006, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20178975, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23948568}.
Subcellular location:		Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10777697, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:28144995}. Nucleus {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19464326}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10777697}. Note=Cytoplasmic in interphase cells. Colocalizes with mitotic spindles in mitotic cells. Translocates to the nucleus during heat shock and resides in sub-nuclear structures known as SC35 speckles or nuclear splicing speckles. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19464326}.
Tissue specificity:		Detected in all tissues tested: skeletal muscle, heart, aorta, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, bladder, adrenal gland, thyroid, pancreas, testis, adipose tissue, kidney, liver, spleen, cerebral cortex, blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Highest levels are found in the heart and in tissues composed of striated and smooth muscle. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:1560006}.
Induction:		Up-regulated in response to environmental stresses such as heat shock (PubMed:8325890). Up-regulated by estrogen stimulation (PubMed:2743305). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:2743305, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8325890}.
Induction:		(Microbial infection) Up-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection (at protein level). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16548883}.
Ptm:		Phosphorylated upon exposure to protein kinase C activators and heat shock (PubMed:8325890). Phosphorylation by MAPKAPK2 and MAPKAPK3 in response to stress dissociates HSPB1 from large small heat-shock protein (sHsps) oligomers and impairs its chaperone activity and ability to protect against oxidative stress effectively. Phosphorylation by MAPKAPK5 in response to PKA stimulation induces F- actin rearrangement (PubMed:1332886, PubMed:8093612, PubMed:19166925). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:1332886, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19166925, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8093612, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8325890}.
Disease:		Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2F (CMT2F) [MIM:606595]: A dominant axonal form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder of the peripheral nervous system, characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy, initially of the peroneal muscles and later of the distal muscles of the arms. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is classified in two main groups on the basis of electrophysiologic properties and histopathology: primary peripheral demyelinating neuropathies (designated CMT1 when they are dominantly inherited) and primary peripheral axonal neuropathies (CMT2). Neuropathies of the CMT2 group are characterized by signs of axonal degeneration in the absence of obvious myelin alterations, normal or slightly reduced nerve conduction velocities, and progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy. Onset of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2F is between 15 and 25 years with muscle weakness and atrophy usually beginning in feet and legs (peroneal distribution). Upper limb involvement occurs later. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15122254, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20178975, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22176143, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22206013, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23728742}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Disease:		Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, 2B (HMN2B) [MIM:608634]: A neuromuscular disorder. Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies constitute a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders caused by selective degeneration of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, without sensory deficit in the posterior horn. The overall clinical picture consists of a classical distal muscular atrophy syndrome in the legs without clinical sensory loss. The disease starts with weakness and wasting of distal muscles of the anterior tibial and peroneal compartments of the legs. Later on, weakness and atrophy may expand to the proximal muscles of the lower limbs and/or to the distal upper limbs. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15122254, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18832141, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18952241, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20178975, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20870250, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22176143, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23643870, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23728742, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23948568, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25965061, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:28144995}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Similarity:		Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family. {ECO:0000255\|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00285}.
Sequence caution:		Sequence=AAA62175.1; Type=Frameshift; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=AAB20722.1; Type=Frameshift; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=CAA34498.1; Type=Frameshift; Evidence={ECO:0000305};