UniProt functional annotation for O95714



	UniProt functional annotation for O95714

UniProt code: O95714.

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.

Function: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that regulates ubiquitin- dependent retention of repair proteins on damaged chromosomes. Recruited to sites of DNA damage in response to ionizing radiation (IR) and facilitates the assembly of UBE2N and RNF8 promoting DNA damage- induced formation of 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains. Acts as a mediator of binding specificity between UBE2N and RNF8. Involved in the maintenance of RNF168 levels. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of XPA which influences the circadian oscillation of DNA excision repair activity. By controlling the steady-state expression of the IGF1R receptor, indirectly regulates the insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway (PubMed:26692333). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20023648, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20304803, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22508508, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26692333}.

Catalytic activity: Reaction=S-ubiquitinyl-[E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-L-lysine = [E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L- cysteine + N(6)-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]-L-lysine.; EC=2.3.2.26; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:20304803};

Pathway: Protein modification; protein ubiquitination.

Subunit: Interacts (when phosphorylated at Thr-4827 and sumoylated) with RNF8 (via FHA domain); this interaction increases after ionizing radiation (IR) treatment. Interacts with XPA. Interacts with NEURL4. Via its interaction with NEURL4, may indirectly interact with CCP110 and CEP97. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20023648, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20304803, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22261722, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22508508}.

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriole. Nucleus. Note=Recruited to sites of DNA damage in response to ionizing radiation (IR) via its interaction with RNF8. May loose association with centrosomes during mitosis.

Domain: The ZZ-type zinc finger mediates binding to SUMO1, and at low level SUMO2. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22508508}.

Domain: The RCC1 repeats are grouped into three seven-bladed beta- propeller regions. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22508508}.

Ptm: Phosphorylation at Thr-4827 is required for interaction with RNF8. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20023648}.

Ptm: Sumoylated with SUMO1 by PIAS4 in response to double-strand breaks (DSBs), promoting the interaction with RNF8. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22508508}.

Polymorphism: Genetic variants in HERC2 define the skin/hair/eye pigmentation variation locus 1 (SHEP1) [MIM:227220]; also known as skin/hair/eye pigmentation type 1, blue/nonblue eyes or skin/hair/eye pigmentation type 1, blue/brown eyes or skin/hair/eye pigmentation type 1, blond/brown hair or eye color, brown/blue or eye color, blue/nonblue or eye color type 3 (EYCL3) or brown eye color type 2 (BEY2) or hair color type 3 (HCL3). Hair, eye and skin pigmentation are among the most visible examples of human phenotypic variation, with a broad normal range that is subject to substantial geographic stratification. In the case of skin, individuals tend to have lighter pigmentation with increasing distance from the equator. By contrast, the majority of variation in human eye and hair color is found among individuals of European ancestry, with most other human populations fixed for brown eyes and black hair.

Disease: Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 38 (MRT38) [MIM:615516]: A disorder characterized by significantly below average general intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period. MRT38 is characterized by global developmental delay affecting motor, speech, adaptive, and social development. Patients manifest autistic features, aggression, self-injury, impulsivity, and distractibility. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23065719}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Miscellaneous: A regulatory element withinin an intron of the HERC2 gene inhibits OCA2 promoter. There are several single nucleotide polymorphisms within the OCA2 gene and within the HERC2 gene that have a statistical association with human eye color.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.



Function:		E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that regulates ubiquitin- dependent retention of repair proteins on damaged chromosomes. Recruited to sites of DNA damage in response to ionizing radiation (IR) and facilitates the assembly of UBE2N and RNF8 promoting DNA damage- induced formation of 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains. Acts as a mediator of binding specificity between UBE2N and RNF8. Involved in the maintenance of RNF168 levels. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of XPA which influences the circadian oscillation of DNA excision repair activity. By controlling the steady-state expression of the IGF1R receptor, indirectly regulates the insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway (PubMed:26692333). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20023648, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20304803, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22508508, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26692333}.


Catalytic activity:		Reaction=S-ubiquitinyl-[E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-L-lysine = [E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L- cysteine + N(6)-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]-L-lysine.; EC=2.3.2.26; Evidence={ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20304803};
Pathway:		Protein modification; protein ubiquitination.
Subunit:		Interacts (when phosphorylated at Thr-4827 and sumoylated) with RNF8 (via FHA domain); this interaction increases after ionizing radiation (IR) treatment. Interacts with XPA. Interacts with NEURL4. Via its interaction with NEURL4, may indirectly interact with CCP110 and CEP97. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20023648, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20304803, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22261722, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22508508}.
Subcellular location:		Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriole. Nucleus. Note=Recruited to sites of DNA damage in response to ionizing radiation (IR) via its interaction with RNF8. May loose association with centrosomes during mitosis.
Domain:		The ZZ-type zinc finger mediates binding to SUMO1, and at low level SUMO2. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22508508}.
Domain:		The RCC1 repeats are grouped into three seven-bladed beta- propeller regions. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22508508}.
Ptm:		Phosphorylation at Thr-4827 is required for interaction with RNF8. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20023648}.
Ptm:		Sumoylated with SUMO1 by PIAS4 in response to double-strand breaks (DSBs), promoting the interaction with RNF8. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22508508}.
Polymorphism:		Genetic variants in HERC2 define the skin/hair/eye pigmentation variation locus 1 (SHEP1) [MIM:227220]; also known as skin/hair/eye pigmentation type 1, blue/nonblue eyes or skin/hair/eye pigmentation type 1, blue/brown eyes or skin/hair/eye pigmentation type 1, blond/brown hair or eye color, brown/blue or eye color, blue/nonblue or eye color type 3 (EYCL3) or brown eye color type 2 (BEY2) or hair color type 3 (HCL3). Hair, eye and skin pigmentation are among the most visible examples of human phenotypic variation, with a broad normal range that is subject to substantial geographic stratification. In the case of skin, individuals tend to have lighter pigmentation with increasing distance from the equator. By contrast, the majority of variation in human eye and hair color is found among individuals of European ancestry, with most other human populations fixed for brown eyes and black hair.
Disease:		Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 38 (MRT38) [MIM:615516]: A disorder characterized by significantly below average general intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period. MRT38 is characterized by global developmental delay affecting motor, speech, adaptive, and social development. Patients manifest autistic features, aggression, self-injury, impulsivity, and distractibility. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23065719}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Miscellaneous:		A regulatory element withinin an intron of the HERC2 gene inhibits OCA2 promoter. There are several single nucleotide polymorphisms within the OCA2 gene and within the HERC2 gene that have a statistical association with human eye color.