The final step in the biosynthesis of the 22nd genetically encoded amino acid,
pyrrolysine, is catalyzed by PylD, a structurally and mechanistically unique
dehydrogenase. This catalyzed reaction includes an induced-fit mechanism
achieved by major structural rearrangements of the N-terminal helix upon
substrate binding. Different steps of the reaction trajectory are visualized by
complex structures of PylD with substrate and product.