UniProt functional annotation for O94817



	UniProt functional annotation for O94817

UniProt code: O94817.

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.

Function: Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy vesicles formation. Conjugation with ATG5 through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving also ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12207896, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17999726, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19074260, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19164948, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23202584}.

Function: (Microbial infection) May act as a proviral factor. In association with ATG5, negatively regulates the innate antiviral immune response by impairing the type I IFN production pathway upon vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection (PubMed:17709747). Required for the translation of incoming hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and, thereby, for the initiation of HCV replication, but not required once infection is established (PubMed:19666601). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17709747, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19666601}.

Subunit: Forms a conjugate with ATG5 (PubMed:11096062, PubMed:12207896, PubMed:11825910, PubMed:17709747, PubMed:26812546, PubMed:23202584). The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate forms a complex with several units of ATG16L1 (PubMed:23202584). Forms an 800-kDa complex composed of ATG12-ATG5 and ATG16L2 (By similarity). Interacts with DHX58/RIG-1, IFIH1/MDA5 and MAVS/IPS-1 in monomeric form as well as in ATG12-ATG5 conjugate. The interaction with MAVS is further enhanced upon vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection (PubMed:17709747). Interacts with ATG3 and ATG7 (PubMed:11096062, PubMed:12207896, PubMed:11825910, PubMed:23202584). Interacts with ATG10 (By similarity). Interacts with TECPR1 (PubMed:22342342). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9CQY1, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11096062, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11825910, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12207896, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17709747, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22342342, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23202584, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26812546}.

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250}. Preautophagosomal structure membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22342342}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22342342}. Note=TECPR1 recruits the ATG12- ATG5 conjugate to the autolysosomal membrane.

Tissue specificity: Ubiquitous. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9852036}.

Induction: Expression is induced by mitochondrial DNA deletions, chloramphenicol and nicotinamide. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17457038, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19473119}.

Domain: Shares weak sequence similarity with ubiquitin family, but contains an 'ubiquitin superfold' and the C-terminal Gly is required for isopeptide linkage. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18704115}.

Ptm: Acetylated by EP300. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19124466}.

Miscellaneous: Small amount of ATG5-ATG12 conjugate is enough to perform normal autophagy.

Similarity: Belongs to the ATG12 family. {ECO:0000305}.

Sequence caution: Sequence=AAH12266.2; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Extended N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.



Function:		Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy vesicles formation. Conjugation with ATG5 through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving also ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12207896, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17999726, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19074260, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19164948, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23202584}.



Function:		(Microbial infection) May act as a proviral factor. In association with ATG5, negatively regulates the innate antiviral immune response by impairing the type I IFN production pathway upon vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection (PubMed:17709747). Required for the translation of incoming hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and, thereby, for the initiation of HCV replication, but not required once infection is established (PubMed:19666601). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17709747, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19666601}.


Subunit:		Forms a conjugate with ATG5 (PubMed:11096062, PubMed:12207896, PubMed:11825910, PubMed:17709747, PubMed:26812546, PubMed:23202584). The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate forms a complex with several units of ATG16L1 (PubMed:23202584). Forms an 800-kDa complex composed of ATG12-ATG5 and ATG16L2 (By similarity). Interacts with DHX58/RIG-1, IFIH1/MDA5 and MAVS/IPS-1 in monomeric form as well as in ATG12-ATG5 conjugate. The interaction with MAVS is further enhanced upon vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection (PubMed:17709747). Interacts with ATG3 and ATG7 (PubMed:11096062, PubMed:12207896, PubMed:11825910, PubMed:23202584). Interacts with ATG10 (By similarity). Interacts with TECPR1 (PubMed:22342342). {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:Q9CQY1, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11096062, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11825910, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12207896, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17709747, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22342342, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23202584, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26812546}.
Subcellular location:		Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250}. Preautophagosomal structure membrane {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22342342}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22342342}. Note=TECPR1 recruits the ATG12- ATG5 conjugate to the autolysosomal membrane.
Tissue specificity:		Ubiquitous. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9852036}.
Induction:		Expression is induced by mitochondrial DNA deletions, chloramphenicol and nicotinamide. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17457038, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19473119}.
Domain:		Shares weak sequence similarity with ubiquitin family, but contains an 'ubiquitin superfold' and the C-terminal Gly is required for isopeptide linkage. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18704115}.
Ptm:		Acetylated by EP300. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19124466}.
Miscellaneous:		Small amount of ATG5-ATG12 conjugate is enough to perform normal autophagy.
Similarity:		Belongs to the ATG12 family. {ECO:0000305}.
Sequence caution:		Sequence=AAH12266.2; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Extended N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};