UniProt functional annotation for P60301



	UniProt functional annotation for P60301

UniProt code: P60301.

Organism: Naja atra (Chinese cobra).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Lepidosauria; Squamata; Bifurcata; Unidentata; Episquamata; Toxicofera; Serpentes; Colubroidea; Elapidae; Elapinae; Naja.

Function: Basic protein that binds to cell membrane and depolarizes cardiomyocytes. This cytotoxin also possesses lytic activity on many other cells, including red blood cells (PubMed:8182052). Interaction with sulfatides in the cell membrane induces pore formation and cell internalization. Cytotoxicity is due to pore formation, and to another mechanism independent of membrane-damaging activity. When internalized, it targets the mitochondrial membrane and induces mitochondrial swelling and fragmentation. It inhibits protein kinases C. It binds to the integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV/ITGB3) with a moderate affinity (PubMed:16407244). It also binds with high affinity to heparin (PubMed:17685633). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15922335, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16263708, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16407244, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17714752, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8182052, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8448165, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9245415}.

Subunit: Monomer in solution; Homodimer and oligomer in the presence of negatively charged lipids forming a pore with a size ranging between 20 and 30 Angstroms (PubMed:16263708,PubMed:12660250). Interacts with Kv channel-interacting protein 1 (KCNIP1) in a calcium-independent manner (PubMed:15184042). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12660250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15184042, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16263708}.

Subcellular location: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:5518165}. Target cell membrane {ECO:0000305|PubMed:12660250, ECO:0000305|PubMed:16263708}.

Tissue specificity: Expressed by the venom gland. {ECO:0000305}.

Miscellaneous: Is classified as a P-type cytotoxin, since a proline residue stands at position 51 (Pro-31 in standard classification). {ECO:0000305|PubMed:8182052}.

Similarity: Belongs to the snake three-finger toxin family. Short-chain subfamily. Type IA cytotoxin sub-subfamily. {ECO:0000305}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Naja atra (Chinese cobra).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Lepidosauria; Squamata; Bifurcata; Unidentata; Episquamata; Toxicofera; Serpentes; Colubroidea; Elapidae; Elapinae; Naja.



Function:		Basic protein that binds to cell membrane and depolarizes cardiomyocytes. This cytotoxin also possesses lytic activity on many other cells, including red blood cells (PubMed:8182052). Interaction with sulfatides in the cell membrane induces pore formation and cell internalization. Cytotoxicity is due to pore formation, and to another mechanism independent of membrane-damaging activity. When internalized, it targets the mitochondrial membrane and induces mitochondrial swelling and fragmentation. It inhibits protein kinases C. It binds to the integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV/ITGB3) with a moderate affinity (PubMed:16407244). It also binds with high affinity to heparin (PubMed:17685633). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15922335, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16263708, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16407244, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17714752, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8182052, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8448165, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9245415}.


Subunit:		Monomer in solution; Homodimer and oligomer in the presence of negatively charged lipids forming a pore with a size ranging between 20 and 30 Angstroms (PubMed:16263708,PubMed:12660250). Interacts with Kv channel-interacting protein 1 (KCNIP1) in a calcium-independent manner (PubMed:15184042). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12660250, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15184042, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16263708}.
Subcellular location:		Secreted {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:5518165}. Target cell membrane {ECO:0000305\|PubMed:12660250, ECO:0000305\|PubMed:16263708}.
Tissue specificity:		Expressed by the venom gland. {ECO:0000305}.
Miscellaneous:		Is classified as a P-type cytotoxin, since a proline residue stands at position 51 (Pro-31 in standard classification). {ECO:0000305\|PubMed:8182052}.
Similarity:		Belongs to the snake three-finger toxin family. Short-chain subfamily. Type IA cytotoxin sub-subfamily. {ECO:0000305}.