UniProt functional annotation for P07237



	UniProt functional annotation for P07237

UniProt code: P07237.

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.

Function: This multifunctional protein catalyzes the formation, breakage and rearrangement of disulfide bonds. At the cell surface, seems to act as a reductase that cleaves disulfide bonds of proteins attached to the cell. May therefore cause structural modifications of exofacial proteins. Inside the cell, seems to form/rearrange disulfide bonds of nascent proteins. At high concentrations, functions as a chaperone that inhibits aggregation of misfolded proteins. At low concentrations, facilitates aggregation (anti-chaperone activity). May be involved with other chaperones in the structural modification of the TG precursor in hormone biogenesis. Also acts a structural subunit of various enzymes such as prolyl 4-hydroxylase and microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein MTTP. Receptor for LGALS9; the interaction retains P4HB at the cell surface of Th2 T helper cells, increasing disulfide reductase activity at the plasma membrane, altering the plasma membrane redox state and enhancing cell migration (PubMed:21670307). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10636893, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12485997, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21670307}.

Catalytic activity: Reaction=Catalyzes the rearrangement of -S-S- bonds in proteins.; EC=5.3.4.1;

Subunit: Heterodimer; heterodimerizes with the protein microsomal triglyceride transfer MTTP (PubMed:23475612, PubMed:26224785, PubMed:16478722). Homodimer. Monomers and homotetramers may also occur. Also constitutes the structural subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and of the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein MTTP in mammalian cells. Stabilizes both enzymes and retain them in the ER without contributing to the catalytic activity (By similarity). Binds UBQLN1 (PubMed:12095988). Interacts with ERO1B (PubMed:11707400). Binds to CD4, and upon HIV-1 binding to the cell membrane, is part of a P4HB/PDI-CD4-CXCR4-gp120 complex. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11707400, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12095988, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16478722, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23475612, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26224785}.

Subcellular location: Endoplasmic reticulum {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23475612}. Endoplasmic reticulum lumen {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10636893, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23475612}. Melanosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12643545, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17081065}. Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21670307}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. Note=Highly abundant. In some cell types, seems to be also secreted or associated with the plasma membrane, where it undergoes constant shedding and replacement from intracellular sources (Probable). Localizes near CD4-enriched regions on lymphoid cell surfaces (PubMed:11181151). Identified by mass spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV (PubMed:10636893). Colocalizes with MTTP in the endoplasmic reticulum (PubMed:23475612). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10636893, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11181151, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23475612, ECO:0000305}.

Disease: Cole-Carpenter syndrome 1 (CLCRP1) [MIM:112240]: A form of Cole-Carpenter syndrome, a disorder characterized by features of osteogenesis imperfecta such as bone deformities and severe bone fragility with frequent fractures, in association with craniosynostosis, ocular proptosis, hydrocephalus, growth failure and distinctive facial features. Craniofacial findings include marked frontal bossing, midface hypoplasia, and micrognathia. Despite the craniosynostosis and hydrocephalus, intellectual development is normal. CLCRP1 inheritance is autosomal dominant. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25683117}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Miscellaneous: Reduces and may activate fusogenic properties of HIV-1 gp120 surface protein, thereby enabling HIV-1 entry into the cell.

Similarity: Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family. {ECO:0000305}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.



Function:		This multifunctional protein catalyzes the formation, breakage and rearrangement of disulfide bonds. At the cell surface, seems to act as a reductase that cleaves disulfide bonds of proteins attached to the cell. May therefore cause structural modifications of exofacial proteins. Inside the cell, seems to form/rearrange disulfide bonds of nascent proteins. At high concentrations, functions as a chaperone that inhibits aggregation of misfolded proteins. At low concentrations, facilitates aggregation (anti-chaperone activity). May be involved with other chaperones in the structural modification of the TG precursor in hormone biogenesis. Also acts a structural subunit of various enzymes such as prolyl 4-hydroxylase and microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein MTTP. Receptor for LGALS9; the interaction retains P4HB at the cell surface of Th2 T helper cells, increasing disulfide reductase activity at the plasma membrane, altering the plasma membrane redox state and enhancing cell migration (PubMed:21670307). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10636893, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12485997, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21670307}.


Catalytic activity:		Reaction=Catalyzes the rearrangement of -S-S- bonds in proteins.; EC=5.3.4.1;
Subunit:		Heterodimer; heterodimerizes with the protein microsomal triglyceride transfer MTTP (PubMed:23475612, PubMed:26224785, PubMed:16478722). Homodimer. Monomers and homotetramers may also occur. Also constitutes the structural subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and of the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein MTTP in mammalian cells. Stabilizes both enzymes and retain them in the ER without contributing to the catalytic activity (By similarity). Binds UBQLN1 (PubMed:12095988). Interacts with ERO1B (PubMed:11707400). Binds to CD4, and upon HIV-1 binding to the cell membrane, is part of a P4HB/PDI-CD4-CXCR4-gp120 complex. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11707400, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12095988, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16478722, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23475612, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26224785}.
Subcellular location:		Endoplasmic reticulum {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23475612}. Endoplasmic reticulum lumen {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10636893, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23475612}. Melanosome {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12643545, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17081065}. Cell membrane {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21670307}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. Note=Highly abundant. In some cell types, seems to be also secreted or associated with the plasma membrane, where it undergoes constant shedding and replacement from intracellular sources (Probable). Localizes near CD4-enriched regions on lymphoid cell surfaces (PubMed:11181151). Identified by mass spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV (PubMed:10636893). Colocalizes with MTTP in the endoplasmic reticulum (PubMed:23475612). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10636893, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11181151, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23475612, ECO:0000305}.
Disease:		Cole-Carpenter syndrome 1 (CLCRP1) [MIM:112240]: A form of Cole-Carpenter syndrome, a disorder characterized by features of osteogenesis imperfecta such as bone deformities and severe bone fragility with frequent fractures, in association with craniosynostosis, ocular proptosis, hydrocephalus, growth failure and distinctive facial features. Craniofacial findings include marked frontal bossing, midface hypoplasia, and micrognathia. Despite the craniosynostosis and hydrocephalus, intellectual development is normal. CLCRP1 inheritance is autosomal dominant. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25683117}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Miscellaneous:		Reduces and may activate fusogenic properties of HIV-1 gp120 surface protein, thereby enabling HIV-1 entry into the cell.
Similarity:		Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family. {ECO:0000305}.