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PDBsum entry 1tgx
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protein metals Protein-protein interface(s) links
Cytotoxin PDB id
1tgx

 

 

 

 

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Contents
Protein chains
60 a.a. *
Metals
_CL ×14
Waters ×164
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1tgx
Name: Cytotoxin
Title: X-ray structure at 1.55 a of toxin gamma, a cardiotoxin from naja nigricollis venom. Crystal packing reveals a model for insertion into membranes
Structure: Gamma-cardiotoxin. Chain: a, b, c. Engineered: yes
Source: Naja nigricollis. Spitting cobra. Organism_taxid: 8654
Resolution:
1.55Å     R-factor:   0.172    
Authors: A.Bilwes,B.Rees,D.Moras
Key ref: A.Bilwes et al. (1994). X-ray structure at 1.55 A of toxin gamma, a cardiotoxin from Naja nigricollis venom. Crystal packing reveals a model for insertion into membranes. J Mol Biol, 239, 122-136. PubMed id: 8196041
Date:
24-Nov-93     Release date:   30-Apr-94    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P01468  (3SA1_NAJPA) -  Cytotoxin 1 from Naja pallida
Seq:
Struc: 		60 a.a.
60 a.a.
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain

 

 
J Mol Biol 239:122-136 (1994)
PubMed id: 8196041  
 
 
X-ray structure at 1.55 A of toxin gamma, a cardiotoxin from Naja nigricollis venom. Crystal packing reveals a model for insertion into membranes.
A.Bilwes, B.Rees, D.Moras, R.Ménez, A.Ménez.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
The crystal structure of toxin gamma from Naja nigricollis has been solved and refined to 1.55 A resolution. The final R-factor, computed with all X-ray data available, is 17.9%. The three-dimensional structure is characterized by a core formed by two beta-sheets organized in three extended loops. It is similar to that of cardiotoxin V4II from Naja mossambica mossambica, with the exception of the hydrophobic loop I. The flexibility and variability of the loops contrast sharply with the rigidity of the molecular core and its high degree of structural conservation among the cardiotoxin family. The most flexible loop II adopts different conformations in the three monomers forming the crystal asymmetric unit. These monomers form a trimer around an approximate 3-fold axis, with conserved hydrophobic side-chains on the outside and hydrophilic residues in the central channel or involved in interactions with the other molecules. The trimer thus resembles a membrane protein with a central channel that could allow the passage of small ions. It is proposed as a model for the insertion of cardiotoxin into a membrane.
 

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
  20628507 S.S.Hasson, A.A.Al-Jabri, T.A.Sallam, M.S.Al-Balushi, and R.A.Mothana (2010).
Antisnake Venom Activity of Hibiscus aethiopicus L. against Echis ocellatus and Naja n. nigricollis.
  J Toxicol, 2010, 837864.  
19563684 R.Doley, S.P.Mackessy, and R.M.Kini (2009).
Role of accelerated segment switch in exons to alter targeting (ASSET) in the molecular evolution of snake venom proteins.
  BMC Evol Biol, 9, 146.  
18485004 A.Galat, G.Gross, P.Drevet, A.Sato, and A.Ménez (2008).
Conserved structural determinants in three-fingered protein domains.
  FEBS J, 275, 3207-3225.  
18381281 A.V.Osipov, I.E.Kasheverov, Y.V.Makarova, V.G.Starkov, O.V.Vorontsova, R.K.h.Ziganshin, T.V.Andreeva, M.V.Serebryakova, A.Benoit, R.C.Hogg, D.Bertrand, V.I.Tsetlin, and Y.N.Utkin (2008).
Naturally occurring disulfide-bound dimers of three-fingered toxins: a paradigm for biological activity diversification.
  J Biol Chem, 283, 14571-14580.  
17894348 I.Hudáky, and A.Perczel (2008).
Prolylproline unit in model peptides and in fragments from databases.
  Proteins, 70, 1389-1407.  
  18540072 R.Mir, M.Sinha, S.Sharma, N.Singh, P.Kaur, A.Srinivasan, and T.P.Singh (2008).
Isolation, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of sagitoxin, an oligomeric cardiotoxin from the venom of Naja naja saggitifera.
  Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun, 64, 545-547.  
15590643 S.C.Lee, H.H.Guan, C.H.Wang, W.N.Huang, S.C.Tjong, C.J.Chen, and W.G.Wu (2005).
Structural basis of citrate-dependent and heparan sulfate-mediated cell surface retention of cobra cardiotoxin A3.
  J Biol Chem, 280, 9567-9577.
PDB code: 1xt3
12660250 F.Forouhar, W.N.Huang, J.H.Liu, K.Y.Chien, W.G.Wu, and C.D.Hsiao (2003).
Structural basis of membrane-induced cardiotoxin A3 oligomerization.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 21980-21988.
PDB code: 1h0j
12595733 P.Paaventhan, J.S.Joseph, S.Nirthanan, G.Rajaseger, P.Gopalakrishnakone, M.R.Kini, and P.R.Kolatkar (2003).
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of candoxin, a novel reversible neurotoxin from the Malayan krait Bungarus candidus.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 59, 584-586.  
12709064 P.V.Dubovskii, D.M.Lesovoy, M.A.Dubinnyi, Y.N.Utkin, and A.S.Arseniev (2003).
Interaction of the P-type cardiotoxin with phospholipid membranes.
  Eur J Biochem, 270, 2038-2046.  
12351845 L.Watanabe, S.Nirthanan, G.Rajaseger, I.Polikarpov, R.M.Kini, and R.K.Arni (2002).
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of bucain, a novel toxin from the Malayan krait Bungarus candidus.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 58, 1879-1881.  
11884390 S.Nirthanan, E.Charpantier, P.Gopalakrishnakone, M.C.Gwee, H.E.Khoo, L.S.Cheah, D.Bertrand, and R.M.Kini (2002).
Candoxin, a novel toxin from Bungarus candidus, is a reversible antagonist of muscle (alphabetagammadelta ) but a poorly reversible antagonist of neuronal alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 17811-17820.  
10691969 J.F.Gaucher, R.Ménez, B.Arnoux, J.Pusset, and A.Ducruix (2000).
High resolution x-ray analysis of two mutants of a curaremimetic snake toxin.
  Eur J Biochem, 267, 1323-1329.
PDB codes: 2era 3era
10429199 D.V.Dementieva, E.V.Bocharov, and A.S.Arseniev (1999).
Two forms of cytotoxin II (cardiotoxin) from Naja naja oxiana in aqueous solution: spatial structures with tightly bound water molecules.
  Eur J Biochem, 263, 152-162.
PDB codes: 1cb9 1ccq
10368297 J.D.Pédelacq, L.Maveyraud, G.Prévost, L.Baba-Moussa, A.González, E.Courcelle, W.Shepard, H.Monteil, J.P.Samama, and L.Mourey (1999).
The structure of a Staphylococcus aureus leucocidin component (LukF-PV) reveals the fold of the water-soluble species of a family of transmembrane pore-forming toxins.
  Structure, 7, 277-287.
PDB code: 1pvl
10400668 N.Li, M.Erman, W.Pangborn, W.L.Duax, C.M.Park, J.Bruenn, and D.Ghosh (1999).
Structure of Ustilago maydis killer toxin KP6 alpha-subunit. A multimeric assembly with a central pore.
  J Biol Chem, 274, 20425-20431.
PDB code: 1kp6
10491072 V.Tsetlin (1999).
Snake venom alpha-neurotoxins and other 'three-finger' proteins.
  Eur J Biochem, 264, 281-286.  
8999818 H.V.Patel, A.A.Vyas, K.A.Vyas, Y.S.Liu, C.M.Chiang, L.M.Chi, and W.Wu (1997).
Heparin and heparan sulfate bind to snake cardiotoxin. Sulfated oligosaccharides as a potential target for cardiotoxin action.
  J Biol Chem, 272, 1484-1492.  
9032072 P.R.Mittl, S.Di Marco, G.Fendrich, G.Pohlig, J.Heim, C.Sommerhoff, H.Fritz, J.P.Priestle, and M.G.Grütter (1997).
A new structural class of serine protease inhibitors revealed by the structure of the hirustasin-kallikrein complex.
  Structure, 5, 253-264.
PDB code: 1hia
9245415 S.C.Sue, P.K.Rajan, T.S.Chen, C.H.Hsieh, and W.Wu (1997).
Action of Taiwan cobra cardiotoxin on membranes: binding modes of a beta-sheet polypeptide with phosphatidylcholine bilayers.
  Biochemistry, 36, 9826-9836.  
9054545 Y.J.Sun, W.G.Wu, C.M.Chiang, A.Y.Hsin, and C.D.Hsiao (1997).
Crystal structure of cardiotoxin V from Taiwan cobra venom: pH-dependent conformational change and a novel membrane-binding motif identified in the three-finger loops of P-type cardiotoxin.
  Biochemistry, 36, 2403-2413.
PDB code: 1kxi
8703922 C.M.Chiang, K.Y.Chien, H.J.Lin, J.F.Lin, H.C.Yeh, P.L.Ho, and W.G.Wu (1996).
Conformational change and inactivation of membrane phospholipid-related activity of cardiotoxin V from Taiwan cobra venom at acidic pH.
  Biochemistry, 35, 9167-9176.  
8703923 C.M.Chiang, S.L.Chang, H.J.Lin, and W.G.Wu (1996).
The role of acidic amino acid residues in the structural stability of snake cardiotoxins.
  Biochemistry, 35, 9177-9186.  
7601102 M.Dauplais, J.M.Neumann, S.Pinkasfeld, A.Ménez, and C.Roumestand (1995).
An NMR study of the interaction of cardiotoxin gamma from Naja nigricollis with perdeuterated dodecylphosphocholine micelles.
  Eur J Biochem, 230, 213-220.  
8536706 M.Jolkkonen, P.L.Van Giersbergen, U.Hellman, C.Wernstedt, A.Oras, N.Satyapan, A.Adem, and E.Karlsson (1995).
Muscarinic toxins from the black mamba Dendroaspis polylepis.
  Eur J Biochem, 234, 579-585.  
The most recent references are shown first. Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be only a partial list as not all journals are covered by either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data so more and more references will be included with time. Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB code is shown on the right.

 

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