UniProt functional annotation for P09601



	UniProt functional annotation for P09601

UniProt code: P09601.

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.

Function: Heme oxygenase cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Under physiological conditions, the activity of heme oxygenase is highest in the spleen, where senescent erythrocytes are sequestrated and destroyed. Exhibits cytoprotective effects since excess of free heme sensitizes cells to undergo apoptosis.

Catalytic activity: Reaction=heme b + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = biliverdin IXalpha + CO + Fe(2+) + H(+) + 3 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH-- hemoprotein reductase]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:21764, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11964, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11965, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17245, ChEBI:CHEBI:29033, ChEBI:CHEBI:57618, ChEBI:CHEBI:57991, ChEBI:CHEBI:58210, ChEBI:CHEBI:60344; EC=1.14.14.18; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O48782};

Subcellular location: Microsome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22419571}. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22419571}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22419571}; Cytoplasmic side {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22419571}.

Tissue specificity: Expressed at higher levels in renal cancer tissue than in normal tissue (at protein level). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20855888}.

Induction: Heme oxygenase 1 activity is highly inducible by its substrate heme and by various non-heme substances such as heavy metals, bromobenzene, endotoxin, oxidizing agents and UVA.

Disease: Heme oxygenase 1 deficiency (HMOX1D) [MIM:614034]: A disease characterized by impaired stress hematopoiesis, resulting in marked erythrocyte fragmentation and intravascular hemolysis, coagulation abnormalities, endothelial damage, and iron deposition in renal and hepatic tissues. Clinical features include persistent hemolytic anemia, asplenia, nephritis, generalized erythematous rash, growth retardation and hepatomegaly. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9884342}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity: Belongs to the heme oxygenase family. {ECO:0000305}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.



Function:		Heme oxygenase cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Under physiological conditions, the activity of heme oxygenase is highest in the spleen, where senescent erythrocytes are sequestrated and destroyed. Exhibits cytoprotective effects since excess of free heme sensitizes cells to undergo apoptosis.


Catalytic activity:		Reaction=heme b + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = biliverdin IXalpha + CO + Fe(2+) + H(+) + 3 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH-- hemoprotein reductase]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:21764, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11964, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11965, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:17245, ChEBI:CHEBI:29033, ChEBI:CHEBI:57618, ChEBI:CHEBI:57991, ChEBI:CHEBI:58210, ChEBI:CHEBI:60344; EC=1.14.14.18; Evidence={ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:O48782};
Subcellular location:		Microsome {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22419571}. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22419571}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22419571}; Cytoplasmic side {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22419571}.
Tissue specificity:		Expressed at higher levels in renal cancer tissue than in normal tissue (at protein level). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20855888}.
Induction:		Heme oxygenase 1 activity is highly inducible by its substrate heme and by various non-heme substances such as heavy metals, bromobenzene, endotoxin, oxidizing agents and UVA.
Disease:		Heme oxygenase 1 deficiency (HMOX1D) [MIM:614034]: A disease characterized by impaired stress hematopoiesis, resulting in marked erythrocyte fragmentation and intravascular hemolysis, coagulation abnormalities, endothelial damage, and iron deposition in renal and hepatic tissues. Clinical features include persistent hemolytic anemia, asplenia, nephritis, generalized erythematous rash, growth retardation and hepatomegaly. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9884342}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Similarity:		Belongs to the heme oxygenase family. {ECO:0000305}.