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UniProt functional annotation for P45470 | ||
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| UniProt code: P45470. |
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| Organism: | |
Escherichia coli (strain K12). |
| Taxonomy: | |
Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia. |
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| Function: | |
Protein and nucleotide deglycase that catalyzes the deglycation of the Maillard adducts formed between amino groups of proteins or nucleotides and reactive carbonyl groups of glyoxals (PubMed:26774339, PubMed:28596309). Thus, functions as a protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Is able to repair glycated serum albumin, collagen, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and fructose biphosphate aldolase. Acts on early glycation intermediates (hemithioacetals and aminocarbinols), preventing the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) that cause irreversible damage (PubMed:26774339). Also functions as a nucleotide deglycase able to repair glycated guanine in the free nucleotide pool (GTP, GDP, GMP, dGTP) and in DNA and RNA. Is thus involved in a major nucleotide repair system named guanine glycation repair (GG repair), dedicated to reversing methylglyoxal and glyoxal damage via nucleotide sanitization and direct nucleic acid repair (PubMed:28596309). In vitro, prevents acrylamide formation in asparagine/glyoxal and asparagine/sugar mixtures at 55 degrees Celsius, likely by degrading asparagine/glyoxal Maillard adducts formed at high temperatures (PubMed:27530919). Also displays an apparent glyoxalase activity that in fact reflects its deglycase activity (PubMed:26774339, PubMed:26678554). Is a general stress protein; is required for the protection of bacterial cells against many environmental stresses, including oxidative, thermal, osmotic, UV, and pH stresses (PubMed:17933887). And plays an important role in protection against electrophile/carbonyl stress (PubMed:26774339). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17933887, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26678554, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26774339, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27530919, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28596309}. |
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| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=H2O + N(omega)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)-L-arginyl-[protein] = H(+) + L-arginyl-[protein] + lactate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:49548, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10532, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:12428, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:24996, ChEBI:CHEBI:29965, ChEBI:CHEBI:131708; EC=3.5.1.124; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:26774339}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=H2O + N(6)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] = H(+) + L-lysyl-[protein] + lactate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:49552, Rhea:RHEA- COMP:9752, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:12429, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:24996, ChEBI:CHEBI:29969, ChEBI:CHEBI:131709; EC=3.5.1.124; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:26774339}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=H2O + S-(1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein] = H(+) + L-cysteinyl-[protein] + lactate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:49556, Rhea:RHEA- COMP:10131, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:12430, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:24996, ChEBI:CHEBI:29950, ChEBI:CHEBI:131710; EC=3.5.1.124; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:26774339}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=H2O + N(omega)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-L-arginyl-[protein] = glycolate + H(+) + L-arginyl-[protein]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:57188, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10532, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:14844, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:29805, ChEBI:CHEBI:29965, ChEBI:CHEBI:141553; EC=3.5.1.124; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:26774339}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=H2O + N(6)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] = glycolate + H(+) + L-lysyl-[protein]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:57192, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:9752, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:14845, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:29805, ChEBI:CHEBI:29969, ChEBI:CHEBI:141554; EC=3.5.1.124; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:26774339}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=H2O + S-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein] = glycolate + H(+) + L-cysteinyl-[protein]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:57196, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10131, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:14846, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:29805, ChEBI:CHEBI:29950, ChEBI:CHEBI:141555; EC=3.5.1.124; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:26774339}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=H2O + N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)-dGTP = dGTP + H(+) + lactate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:57244, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:24996, ChEBI:CHEBI:61429, ChEBI:CHEBI:141569; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:28596309}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=H2O + N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)-GTP = GTP + H(+) + lactate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:57256, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:24996, ChEBI:CHEBI:37565, ChEBI:CHEBI:141570; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:28596309}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=H2O + N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)-GDP = GDP + H(+) + lactate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:57260, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:24996, ChEBI:CHEBI:58189, ChEBI:CHEBI:141573; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:28596309}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=H2O + N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)-GMP = GMP + H(+) + lactate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:57268, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:24996, ChEBI:CHEBI:58115, ChEBI:CHEBI:141575; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:28596309}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=H2O + N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-dGTP = dGTP + glycolate + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:57248, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:29805, ChEBI:CHEBI:61429, ChEBI:CHEBI:141572; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:28596309}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=H2O + N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-GTP = glycolate + GTP + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:57252, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:29805, ChEBI:CHEBI:37565, ChEBI:CHEBI:141571; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:28596309}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=H2O + N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-GDP = GDP + glycolate + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:57264, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:29805, ChEBI:CHEBI:58189, ChEBI:CHEBI:141574; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:28596309}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=H2O + N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-GMP = glycolate + GMP + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:57304, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:29805, ChEBI:CHEBI:58115, ChEBI:CHEBI:141576; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:28596309}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=an N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)-guanosine in RNA + H2O = a guanosine in RNA + H(+) + lactate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:57288, Rhea:RHEA- COMP:14855, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:14858, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:24996, ChEBI:CHEBI:74269, ChEBI:CHEBI:141580; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:28596309}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=an N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA + H2O = a 2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA + H(+) + lactate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:57300, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11367, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:14856, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:24996, ChEBI:CHEBI:85445, ChEBI:CHEBI:141578; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:28596309}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=an N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-guanosine in RNA + H2O = a guanosine in RNA + glycolate + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:57292, Rhea:RHEA- COMP:14855, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:14859, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:29805, ChEBI:CHEBI:74269, ChEBI:CHEBI:141581; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:28596309}; |
| Catalytic activity: | |
Reaction=an N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA + H2O = a 2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA + glycolate + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:57296, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11367, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:14857, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:29805, ChEBI:CHEBI:85445, ChEBI:CHEBI:141579; Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:28596309}; |
| Activity regulation: | |
Glyoxalase activity is inhibited by zinc ions at pH 7.0. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26678554}. |
| Biophysicochemical properties: | |
Kinetic parameters: KM=0.38 mM for glyoxal (at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees Celsius) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26678554}; KM=0.06 mM for methylglyoxal (at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees Celsius) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26678554}; Note=kcat is 118.44 min(-1) and 20.80 min (-1) for glyoxalase activity with glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) as substrate, respectively (at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:26678554). The apparent kcat of MGO and GO degradation is 0.29 sec(-1), and 0.42 sec(-1), respectively (at 22 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:26774339). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26678554, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26774339}; |
| Subunit: | |
Exists in monomeric, trimeric, and hexameric forms. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16380269}. |
| Subcellular location: | |
Cytoplasm {ECO:0000305|PubMed:16380269}. |
| Disruption phenotype: | |
Cells lacking this gene are highly sensitive to oxidative, thermal, UV, and pH stresses, but only slightly sensitive to salt stress and insensitive to cold stress (PubMed:17933887). They display increased protein glycation levels, and decreased viability in methylglyoxal- or glucose-containing media (PubMed:26774339). They also show highly increased DNA and RNA glycation levels, and exhibit strong mutator phenotypes (PubMed:28596309). Moreover, the double and triple mutants lacking yhbO and yajL, and yhbO, yajL and hchA, respectively, display impressive amounts of glycated proteins, suggesting that the YhbO, YajL and Hsp31 deglycases display relatively redundant functions (PubMed:26774339). The triple mutant displays higher glycation levels of free nucleotides (GTP and dGTP) than the parental strain, and shows higher glycation levels of DNA and RNA than those of single mutants (PubMed:28596309). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17933887, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26774339}. |
| Similarity: | |
Belongs to the peptidase C56 family. {ECO:0000305}. |
| Sequence caution: | |
Sequence=AAA57956.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Extended N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; |
Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.