UniProt functional annotation for P68135



	UniProt functional annotation for P68135

UniProt codes: P68135, P02568.

Organism: Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Lagomorpha; Leporidae; Oryctolagus.

Function: Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells.

Subunit: Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) in the form of a two-stranded helix. Each actin can bind to 4 others. Interacts with alpha-actinin (PubMed:8449927). Identified in a complex composed of ACTA1, COBL, GSN AND TMSB4X (PubMed:23009842). Interacts with TTID (By similarity). Interacts (via its C-terminus) with USP25 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68133, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15099571, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23009842, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8449927}.

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton.

Ptm: Oxidation of Met-46 and Met-49 by MICALs (MICAL1, MICAL2 or MICAL3) to form methionine sulfoxide promotes actin filament depolymerization. MICAL1 and MICAL2 produce the (R)-S-oxide form. The (R)-S-oxide form is reverted by MSRB1 and MSRB2, which promotes actin repolymerization. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68134}.

Ptm: Can be mono-ADP-ribosylated on Arg-179 by SpvB of Salmonella spp. This modification blocks subsequent polymerization and leads to cell death. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16905096}.

Ptm: Monomethylation at Lys-86 (K84me1) regulates actin-myosin interaction and actomyosin-dependent processes. Demethylation by ALKBH4 is required for maintaining actomyosin dynamics supporting normal cleavage furrow ingression during cytokinesis and cell migration. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68133}.

Ptm: Methylated at His-75 by SETD3. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68133}.

Miscellaneous: In vertebrates 3 main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta and gamma have been identified. The alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins coexist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton and as mediators of internal cell motility.

Similarity: Belongs to the actin family. {ECO:0000305}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Lagomorpha; Leporidae; Oryctolagus.



Function:		Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells.


Subunit:		Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) in the form of a two-stranded helix. Each actin can bind to 4 others. Interacts with alpha-actinin (PubMed:8449927). Identified in a complex composed of ACTA1, COBL, GSN AND TMSB4X (PubMed:23009842). Interacts with TTID (By similarity). Interacts (via its C-terminus) with USP25 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P68133, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15099571, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23009842, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8449927}.
Subcellular location:		Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton.
Ptm:		Oxidation of Met-46 and Met-49 by MICALs (MICAL1, MICAL2 or MICAL3) to form methionine sulfoxide promotes actin filament depolymerization. MICAL1 and MICAL2 produce the (R)-S-oxide form. The (R)-S-oxide form is reverted by MSRB1 and MSRB2, which promotes actin repolymerization. {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P68134}.
Ptm:		Can be mono-ADP-ribosylated on Arg-179 by SpvB of Salmonella spp. This modification blocks subsequent polymerization and leads to cell death. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16905096}.
Ptm:		Monomethylation at Lys-86 (K84me1) regulates actin-myosin interaction and actomyosin-dependent processes. Demethylation by ALKBH4 is required for maintaining actomyosin dynamics supporting normal cleavage furrow ingression during cytokinesis and cell migration. {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P68133}.
Ptm:		Methylated at His-75 by SETD3. {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P68133}.
Miscellaneous:		In vertebrates 3 main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta and gamma have been identified. The alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins coexist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton and as mediators of internal cell motility.
Similarity:		Belongs to the actin family. {ECO:0000305}.