UniProt functional annotation for Q9Z0X1



	UniProt functional annotation for Q9Z0X1

UniProt code: Q9Z0X1.

Organism: Mus musculus (Mouse).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus.

Function: Functions both as NADH oxidoreductase and as regulator of apoptosis (By similarity). In response to apoptotic stimuli, it is released from the mitochondrion intermembrane space into the cytosol and to the nucleus, where it functions as a proapoptotic factor in a caspase-independent pathway. The soluble form (AIFsol) found in the nucleus induces 'parthanatos' i.e. caspase-independent fragmentation of chromosomal DNA (PubMed:9989411). Binds to DNA in a sequence- independent manner. Interacts with EIF3G, and thereby inhibits the EIF3 machinery and protein synthesis, and activates caspase-7 to amplify apoptosis. Plays a critical role in caspase-independent, pyknotic cell death in hydrogen peroxide-exposed cells (By similarity). In contrast, participates in normal mitochondrial metabolism. Plays an important role in the regulation of respiratory chain biogenesis by interacting with CHCHD4 and controlling CHCHD4 mitochondrial import (PubMed:19447115). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95831, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19447115, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9989411}.

Function: [Isoform 2]: Has NADH oxidoreductase activity. Does not induce nuclear apoptosis. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95831}.

Catalytic activity: Reaction=A + H(+) + NADH = AH2 + NAD(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:11356, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:57540, ChEBI:CHEBI:57945; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:19447115};

Catalytic activity: [Isoform 2]: Reaction=A + H(+) + NADH = AH2 + NAD(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:11356, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:57540, ChEBI:CHEBI:57945; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95831};

Cofactor: Name=FAD; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:57692; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:19447115, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9989411};

Biophysicochemical properties: Kinetic parameters: Note=kcat is 48 min(-1) for dichlorophenolindophenol and 34 min(-1) for cytochrome c. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19447115};

Subunit: Monomer (oxidized form). Homodimer (reduced form). Upon reduction with NADH, undergoes dimerization and forms tight, long-lived FADH2-NAD charge transfer complexes (CTC) resistant to oxidation (PubMed:19447115). Also dimerizes with isoform 3 preventing its release from mitochondria. Interacts with XIAP/BIRC4. Interacts (via N- terminus) with EIF3G (via C-terminus). Interacts with PRELID1. Interacts with CHCHD4; the interaction increases in presence of NADH (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95831, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19447115}.

Subcellular location: Mitochondrion intermembrane space {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9989411}. Mitochondrion inner membrane {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95831}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95831}. Nucleus {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95831}. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95831}. Note=Proteolytic cleavage during or just after translocation into the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) results in the formation of an inner-membrane-anchored mature form (AIFmit). During apoptosis, further proteolytic processing leads to a mature form, which is confined to the mitochondrial IMS in a soluble form (AIFsol). AIFsol is released to the cytoplasm in response to specific death signals, and translocated to the nucleus, where it induces nuclear apoptosis. Colocalizes with EIF3G in the nucleus and perinuclear region. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95831}.

Subcellular location: [Isoform 2]: Mitochondrion {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16644725}. Cytoplasm, cytosol {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95831}. Note=In pro-apoptotic conditions, is released from mitochondria to cytosol in a calpain/cathepsin-dependent manner. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95831}.

Tissue specificity: [Isoform 2]: Expressed in liver (at protein level). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16644725}.

Ptm: Under normal conditions, a 54-residue N-terminal segment is first proteolytically removed during or just after translocation into the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) by the mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP) to form the inner-membrane-anchored mature form (AIFmit). During apoptosis, it is further proteolytically processed at amino-acid position 101 leading to the generation of the mature form, which is confined to the mitochondrial IMS in a soluble form (AIFsol). AIFsol is released to the cytoplasm in response to specific death signals, and translocated to the nucleus, where it induces nuclear apoptosis in a caspase-independent manner. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95831}.

Ptm: Ubiquitination by XIAP/BIRC4 does not lead to proteasomal degradation. Ubiquitination at Lys-254 by XIAP/BIRC4 blocks its ability to bind DNA and induce chromatin degradation, thereby inhibiting its ability to induce cell death. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95831}.

Similarity: Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase family. {ECO:0000305}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Mus musculus (Mouse).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus.



Function:		Functions both as NADH oxidoreductase and as regulator of apoptosis (By similarity). In response to apoptotic stimuli, it is released from the mitochondrion intermembrane space into the cytosol and to the nucleus, where it functions as a proapoptotic factor in a caspase-independent pathway. The soluble form (AIFsol) found in the nucleus induces 'parthanatos' i.e. caspase-independent fragmentation of chromosomal DNA (PubMed:9989411). Binds to DNA in a sequence- independent manner. Interacts with EIF3G, and thereby inhibits the EIF3 machinery and protein synthesis, and activates caspase-7 to amplify apoptosis. Plays a critical role in caspase-independent, pyknotic cell death in hydrogen peroxide-exposed cells (By similarity). In contrast, participates in normal mitochondrial metabolism. Plays an important role in the regulation of respiratory chain biogenesis by interacting with CHCHD4 and controlling CHCHD4 mitochondrial import (PubMed:19447115). {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:O95831, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19447115, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9989411}.



Function:		[Isoform 2]: Has NADH oxidoreductase activity. Does not induce nuclear apoptosis. {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:O95831}.


Catalytic activity:		Reaction=A + H(+) + NADH = AH2 + NAD(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:11356, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:57540, ChEBI:CHEBI:57945; Evidence={ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19447115};
Catalytic activity:		[Isoform 2]: Reaction=A + H(+) + NADH = AH2 + NAD(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:11356, ChEBI:CHEBI:13193, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:17499, ChEBI:CHEBI:57540, ChEBI:CHEBI:57945; Evidence={ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:O95831};
Cofactor:		Name=FAD; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:57692; Evidence={ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19447115, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9989411};
Biophysicochemical properties:		Kinetic parameters: Note=kcat is 48 min(-1) for dichlorophenolindophenol and 34 min(-1) for cytochrome c. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19447115};
Subunit:		Monomer (oxidized form). Homodimer (reduced form). Upon reduction with NADH, undergoes dimerization and forms tight, long-lived FADH2-NAD charge transfer complexes (CTC) resistant to oxidation (PubMed:19447115). Also dimerizes with isoform 3 preventing its release from mitochondria. Interacts with XIAP/BIRC4. Interacts (via N- terminus) with EIF3G (via C-terminus). Interacts with PRELID1. Interacts with CHCHD4; the interaction increases in presence of NADH (By similarity). {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:O95831, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19447115}.
Subcellular location:		Mitochondrion intermembrane space {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9989411}. Mitochondrion inner membrane {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:O95831}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:O95831}. Nucleus {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:O95831}. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:O95831}. Note=Proteolytic cleavage during or just after translocation into the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) results in the formation of an inner-membrane-anchored mature form (AIFmit). During apoptosis, further proteolytic processing leads to a mature form, which is confined to the mitochondrial IMS in a soluble form (AIFsol). AIFsol is released to the cytoplasm in response to specific death signals, and translocated to the nucleus, where it induces nuclear apoptosis. Colocalizes with EIF3G in the nucleus and perinuclear region. {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:O95831}.
Subcellular location:		[Isoform 2]: Mitochondrion {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16644725}. Cytoplasm, cytosol {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:O95831}. Note=In pro-apoptotic conditions, is released from mitochondria to cytosol in a calpain/cathepsin-dependent manner. {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:O95831}.
Tissue specificity:		[Isoform 2]: Expressed in liver (at protein level). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16644725}.
Ptm:		Under normal conditions, a 54-residue N-terminal segment is first proteolytically removed during or just after translocation into the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) by the mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP) to form the inner-membrane-anchored mature form (AIFmit). During apoptosis, it is further proteolytically processed at amino-acid position 101 leading to the generation of the mature form, which is confined to the mitochondrial IMS in a soluble form (AIFsol). AIFsol is released to the cytoplasm in response to specific death signals, and translocated to the nucleus, where it induces nuclear apoptosis in a caspase-independent manner. {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:O95831}.
Ptm:		Ubiquitination by XIAP/BIRC4 does not lead to proteasomal degradation. Ubiquitination at Lys-254 by XIAP/BIRC4 blocks its ability to bind DNA and induce chromatin degradation, thereby inhibiting its ability to induce cell death. {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:O95831}.
Similarity:		Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase family. {ECO:0000305}.