UniProt functional annotation for P20231



	UniProt functional annotation for P20231

UniProt code: P20231.

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.

Function: Tryptase is the major neutral protease present in mast cells and is secreted upon the coupled activation-degranulation response of this cell type. May play a role in innate immunity. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P21845}.

Catalytic activity: Reaction=Preferential cleavage: Arg-|-Xaa, Lys-|-Xaa, but with more restricted specificity than trypsin.; EC=3.4.21.59;

Subunit: Homotetramer. The active tetramer is converted to inactive monomers at neutral and acidic pH in the absence of heparin. Low concentrations of inactive monomers become active monomers at pH 6.0 in the presence of heparin. When the concentration of active monomers is higher, they convert to active monomers and then to active tetramers. These monomers are active and functionally distinct from the tetrameric enzyme. In contrast to the hidden active sites in the tetrameric form, the active site of the monomeric form is accessible for macromolecular proteins and inhibitors eg: fibrinogen which is a substrate for the monomeric but not for the tetrameric form. The monomeric form forms a complex with SERPINB6. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18039527}.

Subcellular location: Secreted. Note=Released from the secretory granules upon mast cell activation.

Polymorphism: There are two alleles; beta-II and beta-III. The sequence shown corresponds to allele beta-II, as beta-II is the most common allele. There are two forms of the beta-III allele, a short and a long form. The short form (also named frameshifted form) is carried by 23% and 19% of individuals of European and African ancestry but 0% of Asian subjects. In the human genome reference version GRCh38/p12, the allele beta-III short form is represented. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19748655, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2187193, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2203827, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8434231, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9920877}.

Similarity: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Tryptase subfamily. {ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00274}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.



Function:		Tryptase is the major neutral protease present in mast cells and is secreted upon the coupled activation-degranulation response of this cell type. May play a role in innate immunity. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P21845}.


Catalytic activity:		Reaction=Preferential cleavage: Arg-\|-Xaa, Lys-\|-Xaa, but with more restricted specificity than trypsin.; EC=3.4.21.59;
Subunit:		Homotetramer. The active tetramer is converted to inactive monomers at neutral and acidic pH in the absence of heparin. Low concentrations of inactive monomers become active monomers at pH 6.0 in the presence of heparin. When the concentration of active monomers is higher, they convert to active monomers and then to active tetramers. These monomers are active and functionally distinct from the tetrameric enzyme. In contrast to the hidden active sites in the tetrameric form, the active site of the monomeric form is accessible for macromolecular proteins and inhibitors eg: fibrinogen which is a substrate for the monomeric but not for the tetrameric form. The monomeric form forms a complex with SERPINB6. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18039527}.
Subcellular location:		Secreted. Note=Released from the secretory granules upon mast cell activation.
Polymorphism:		There are two alleles; beta-II and beta-III. The sequence shown corresponds to allele beta-II, as beta-II is the most common allele. There are two forms of the beta-III allele, a short and a long form. The short form (also named frameshifted form) is carried by 23% and 19% of individuals of European and African ancestry but 0% of Asian subjects. In the human genome reference version GRCh38/p12, the allele beta-III short form is represented. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19748655, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:2187193, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:2203827, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8434231, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9920877}.
Similarity:		Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Tryptase subfamily. {ECO:0000255\|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00274}.