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PDBsum entry 2uwc
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* Residue conservation analysis
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Enzyme class:
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E.C.2.4.1.207
- xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferase.
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Reaction:
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Breaks a beta-(1->4) bond in the backbone of a xyloglucan and transfers the xyloglucanyl segment on to O-4 of the non-reducing terminal glucose residue of an acceptor, which can be a xyloglucan or an oligosaccharide of xyloglucan.
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Plant Cell
19:1947-1963
(2007)
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PubMed id:
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Structural evidence for the evolution of xyloglucanase activity from xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases: biological implications for cell wall metabolism.
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M.J.Baumann,
J.M.Eklöf,
G.Michel,
A.M.Kallas,
T.T.Teeri,
M.Czjzek,
H.Brumer.
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ABSTRACT
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High-resolution, three-dimensional structures of the archetypal glycoside
hydrolase family 16 (GH16) endo-xyloglucanases Tm-NXG1 and Tm-NXG2 from
nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) have been solved by x-ray crystallography. Key
structural features that modulate the relative rates of substrate hydrolysis to
transglycosylation in the GH16 xyloglucan-active enzymes were identified by
structure-function studies of the recombinantly expressed enzymes in comparison
with data for the strict xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase Ptt-XET16-34 from
hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides). Production of the loop
deletion variant Tm-NXG1-DeltaYNIIG yielded an enzyme that was structurally
similar to Ptt-XET16-34 and had a greatly increased
transglycosylation:hydrolysis ratio. Comprehensive bioinformatic analyses of XTH
gene products, together with detailed kinetic data, strongly suggest that
xyloglucanase activity has evolved as a gain of function in an ancestral GH16
XET to meet specific biological requirements during seed germination, fruit
ripening, and rapid wall expansion.
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Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference
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PubMed id
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Reference
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A.Maris,
N.Kaewthai,
J.M.Eklöf,
J.G.Miller,
H.Brumer,
S.C.Fry,
J.P.Verbelen,
and
K.Vissenberg
(2011).
Differences in enzymic properties of five recombinant xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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J Exp Bot,
62,
261-271.
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Z.A.Popper,
G.Michel,
C.Hervé,
D.S.Domozych,
W.G.Willats,
M.G.Tuohy,
B.Kloareg,
and
D.B.Stengel
(2011).
Evolution and diversity of plant cell walls: from algae to flowering plants.
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Annu Rev Plant Biol,
62,
567-590.
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D.D.Wong,
V.J.Chan,
A.A.McCormack,
and
S.B.Batt
(2010).
A novel xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase: biochemical properties and inhibition studies.
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Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,
86,
1463-1471.
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J.Hernández-Nistal,
I.Martín,
E.Labrador,
and
B.Dopico
(2010).
The immunolocation of XTH1 in embryonic axes during chickpea germination and seedling growth confirms its function in cell elongation and vascular differentiation.
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J Exp Bot,
61,
4231-4238.
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J.Lee,
T.H.Burns,
G.Light,
Y.Sun,
M.Fokar,
Y.Kasukabe,
K.Fujisawa,
Y.Maekawa,
and
R.D.Allen
(2010).
Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase genes in cotton and their role in fiber elongation.
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Planta,
232,
1191-1205.
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R.Yokoyama,
Y.Uwagaki,
H.Sasaki,
T.Harada,
Y.Hiwatashi,
M.Hasebe,
and
K.Nishitani
(2010).
Biological implications of the occurrence of 32 members of the XTH (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase) family of proteins in the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens.
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Plant J,
64,
645-656.
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A.L.Vanfossen,
M.R.Verhaart,
S.M.Kengen,
and
R.M.Kelly
(2009).
Carbohydrate utilization patterns for the extremely thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus reveal broad growth substrate preferences.
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Appl Environ Microbiol,
75,
7718-7724.
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A.Maris,
D.Suslov,
S.C.Fry,
J.P.Verbelen,
and
K.Vissenberg
(2009).
Enzymic characterization of two recombinant xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) proteins of Arabidopsis and their effect on root growth and cell wall extension.
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J Exp Bot,
60,
3959-3972.
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B.Mertz,
X.Gu,
and
P.J.Reilly
(2009).
Analysis of functional divergence within two structurally related glycoside hydrolase families.
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Biopolymers,
91,
478-495.
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J.Vasur,
R.Kawai,
E.Andersson,
K.Igarashi,
M.Sandgren,
M.Samejima,
and
J.Ståhlberg
(2009).
X-ray crystal structures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium Laminarinase 16A in complex with products from lichenin and laminarin hydrolysis.
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FEBS J,
276,
3858-3869.
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PDB codes:
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M.Hrmova,
V.Farkas,
A.J.Harvey,
J.Lahnstein,
B.Wischmann,
N.Kaewthai,
I.Ezcurra,
T.T.Teeri,
and
G.B.Fincher
(2009).
Substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism of a xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase HvXET6 from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).
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FEBS J,
276,
437-456.
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R.Schröder,
R.G.Atkinson,
and
R.J.Redgwell
(2009).
Re-interpreting the role of endo-beta-mannanases as mannan endotransglycosylase/hydrolases in the plant cell wall.
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Ann Bot (Lond),
104,
197-204.
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E.J.Mellerowicz,
P.Immerzeel,
and
T.Hayashi
(2008).
Xyloglucan: the molecular muscle of trees.
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Ann Bot (Lond),
102,
659-665.
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K.Piens,
A.M.Henriksson,
F.Gullfot,
M.Lopez,
R.Fauré,
F.M.Ibatullin,
T.T.Teeri,
H.Driguez,
and
H.Brumer
(2007).
Glycosynthase activity of hybrid aspen xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase PttXET16-34 nucleophile mutants.
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Org Biomol Chem,
5,
3971-3978.
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The most recent references are shown first.
Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly
from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be
only a partial list as not all journals are covered by
either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data
so more and more references will be included with time.
Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB
codes are
shown on the right.
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Links
