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PDBsum entry 2crs
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* Residue conservation analysis
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J Mol Biol
235:1291-1301
(1994)
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PubMed id:
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Cardiotoxin III from the Taiwan cobra (Naja naja atra). Determination of structure in solution and comparison with short neurotoxins.
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R.Bhaskaran,
C.C.Huang,
D.K.Chang,
C.Yu.
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ABSTRACT
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The structure in solution of cardiotoxin III, a membrane toxin purified from the
venom of the Taiwan cobra, Naja naja atra, is reported. Sequence-specific
assignment of 1H-NMR lines was completed and the NMR data show the presence of a
triple and a double-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet. Many NOE cross peaks
identified in NOESY spectra were applied as distance constraints based on a
hybrid distance geometry/dynamical simulated annealing technique; 20 structures
were found within a single family. The average value of atomic RMS differences
between the 20 structures and their geometric mean is 0.087 nm for the backbone
atoms and 0.152 nm for all heavy atoms; they are 0.055 nm and 0.12 nm,
respectively for the segments of secondary structure. In these selected
structures the backbone of the polypeptide chain folds such that five strands
emerge from a globular head. Three major loops link these strands to form a
double and a triple-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet. Comparison of the
structures of the toxin in solution with the X-ray crystal structure of its
homologous protein, cardiotoxin V4II from Naja mossambica mossambica, showed
good agreement between the structures except at segments of the turns. As the
functions of short neurotoxins and cardiotoxins are distinct, despite their
similar secondary structural patterns and tertiary folding, a comparative
analysis has been carried out between cardiotoxin III and short neurotoxins of
known structures. We discuss their structural features in order to clarify
relationships between their structure and function.
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Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference
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PubMed id
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Reference
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C.A.Smith,
and
C.L.Hinman
(2004).
A cyclic peptide, L1AD3, induces early signs of apoptosis in human leukemic T-cell lines.
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J Biochem Mol Toxicol,
18,
204-220.
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F.Forouhar,
W.N.Huang,
J.H.Liu,
K.Y.Chien,
W.G.Wu,
and
C.D.Hsiao
(2003).
Structural basis of membrane-induced cardiotoxin A3 oligomerization.
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J Biol Chem,
278,
21980-21988.
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PDB code:
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G.Jayaraman,
T.K.Kumar,
C.C.Tsai,
S.Srisailam,
S.H.Chou,
C.L.Ho,
and
C.Yu
(2000).
Elucidation of the solution structure of cardiotoxin analogue V from the Taiwan cobra (Naja naja atra)--identification of structural features important for the lethal action of snake venom cardiotoxins.
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Protein Sci,
9,
637-646.
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PDB code:
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D.V.Dementieva,
E.V.Bocharov,
and
A.S.Arseniev
(1999).
Two forms of cytotoxin II (cardiotoxin) from Naja naja oxiana in aqueous solution: spatial structures with tightly bound water molecules.
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Eur J Biochem,
263,
152-162.
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PDB codes:
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G.Jayaraman,
T.Krishnaswamy,
S.Kumar,
and
C.Yu
(1999).
Binding of nucleotide triphosphates to cardiotoxin analogue II from the Taiwan cobra venom (Naja naja atra). Elucidation of the structural interactions in the dATP-cardiotoxin analogue ii complex.
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J Biol Chem,
274,
17869-17875.
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N.Li,
M.Erman,
W.Pangborn,
W.L.Duax,
C.M.Park,
J.Bruenn,
and
D.Ghosh
(1999).
Structure of Ustilago maydis killer toxin KP6 alpha-subunit. A multimeric assembly with a central pore.
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J Biol Chem,
274,
20425-20431.
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PDB code:
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J.Y.Chang,
T.K.Kumar,
and
C.Yu
(1998).
Unfolding and refolding of cardiotoxin III elucidated by reversible conversion of the native and scrambled species.
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Biochemistry,
37,
6745-6751.
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T.Sivaraman,
T.K.Kumar,
D.K.Chang,
W.Y.Lin,
and
C.Yu
(1998).
Events in the kinetic folding pathway of a small, all beta-sheet protein.
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J Biol Chem,
273,
10181-10189.
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Y.J.Sun,
W.G.Wu,
C.M.Chiang,
A.Y.Hsin,
and
C.D.Hsiao
(1997).
Crystal structure of cardiotoxin V from Taiwan cobra venom: pH-dependent conformational change and a novel membrane-binding motif identified in the three-finger loops of P-type cardiotoxin.
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Biochemistry,
36,
2403-2413.
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PDB code:
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C.M.Chiang,
S.L.Chang,
H.J.Lin,
and
W.G.Wu
(1996).
The role of acidic amino acid residues in the structural stability of snake cardiotoxins.
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Biochemistry,
35,
9177-9186.
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M.Dauplais,
J.M.Neumann,
S.Pinkasfeld,
A.Ménez,
and
C.Roumestand
(1995).
An NMR study of the interaction of cardiotoxin gamma from Naja nigricollis with perdeuterated dodecylphosphocholine micelles.
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Eur J Biochem,
230,
213-220.
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M.Jaseja,
X.Lu,
J.A.Williams,
M.J.Sutcliffe,
V.V.Kakkar,
R.A.Parslow,
and
E.I.Hyde
(1994).
1H-NMR assignments and secondary structure of dendroaspin, an RGD-containing glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (alpha IIb-beta 3) antagonist with a neurotoxin fold.
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Eur J Biochem,
226,
861-868.
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The most recent references are shown first.
Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly
from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be
only a partial list as not all journals are covered by
either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data
so more and more references will be included with time.
Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB
code is
shown on the right.
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