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PDBsum entry 1vde

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protein Protein-protein interface(s) links
Endonuclease PDB id
1vde

 

 

 

 

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JSmol PyMol  
Contents
Protein chains
429 a.a. *
Waters ×347
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1vde
Name: Endonuclease
Title: Pi-scei, a homing endonuclease with protein splicing activity
Structure: Pi-scei. Chain: a, b. Engineered: yes
Source: Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Baker's yeast. Organism_taxid: 4932. Expressed in: escherichia coli. Expression_system_taxid: 562.
Biol. unit: Dimer (from PQS)
Resolution:
2.40Å     R-factor:   0.192     R-free:   0.238
Authors: X.Duan,F.A.Quiocho
Key ref:
X.Duan et al. (1997). Crystal structure of PI-SceI, a homing endonuclease with protein splicing activity. Cell, 89, 555-564. PubMed id: 9160747 DOI: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80237-8
Date:
01-Apr-97     Release date:   08-Apr-98    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P17255  (VATA_YEAST) -  V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
Seq:
Struc:
 
Seq:
Struc:
 
Seq:
Struc:
1071 a.a.
429 a.a.
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain

 Enzyme reactions 
   Enzyme class 2: E.C.3.1.-.-
[IntEnz]   [ExPASy]   [KEGG]   [BRENDA]
   Enzyme class 3: E.C.7.1.2.2  - H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase.
[IntEnz]   [ExPASy]   [KEGG]   [BRENDA]
      Reaction: ATP + H2O + 4 H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + 5 H+(out)
ATP
+ H2O
+ 4 × H(+)(in)
= ADP
+ phosphate
+ 5 × H(+)(out)
Note, where more than one E.C. class is given (as above), each may correspond to a different protein domain or, in the case of polyprotein precursors, to a different mature protein.
Molecule diagrams generated from .mol files obtained from the KEGG ftp site

 

 
    reference    
 
 
DOI no: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80237-8 Cell 89:555-564 (1997)
PubMed id: 9160747  
 
 
Crystal structure of PI-SceI, a homing endonuclease with protein splicing activity.
X.Duan, F.S.Gimble, F.A.Quiocho.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
PI-Scel is a bifunctional yeast protein that propagates its mobile gene by catalyzing protein splicing and site-specific DNA double-strand cleavage. Here, we report the 2.4 A crystal structure of the PI-Scel protein. The structure is composed of two separate domains (I and II) with novel folds and different functions. Domain I, which is elongated and formed largely from seven beta sheets, harbors the N and C termini residues and two His residues that are implicated in protein splicing. Domain II, which is compact and is primarily composed of two similar alpha/beta motifs related by local two-fold symmetry, contains the putative nuclease active site with a cluster of two acidic residues and one basic residue commonly found in restriction endonucleases. This report presents prototypic structures of domains with single endonuclease and protein splicing active sites.
 
  Selected figure(s)  
 
Figure 1.
Figure 1. Stereo View of the Final 2.4 Š2Fo−Fc Electron Density Map in the Region of the Putative Nuclease Active Site Containing Asp-218, Asp-326, and Lys-301The map was contoured at 1σ.
Figure 4.
Figure 4. Stereo Views of the Functional Sites in PI-SceI(A) The protein self-splicing site containing the essential N-terminal Cys-1 and C-terminal Asn-454 residues viewed from the back of domain I, as shown in Figure 2. His-79 and His-453, positioned proximal to the terminal residues, are extremely conserved between self-splicing proteins and could perform as general acids/bases in the autocatalytic splicing reaction. Three of the β strands that are identified are further linked to subsequent strands in the site shown (e.g., β3 to β6, β7 to β8, and β24 to β28).(B) The endonuclease active site containing the charged cluster of three residues (see text). The orientations of the two symmetry-related α4 and α7 dodecapeptide repeats are similar to those shown in Figure 2.
 
  The above figures are reprinted by permission from Cell Press: Cell (1997, 89, 555-564) copyright 1997.  
  Figures were selected by an automated process.  

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
21460844 B.P.Callahan, N.I.Topilina, M.J.Stanger, P.Van Roey, and M.Belfort (2011).
Structure of catalytically competent intein caught in a redox trap with functional and evolutionary implications.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 18, 630-633.
PDB code: 3nzm
21539790 P.T.Shemella, N.I.Topilina, I.Soga, B.Pereira, G.Belfort, M.Belfort, and S.K.Nayak (2011).
Electronic structure of neighboring extein residue modulates intein C-terminal cleavage activity.
  Biophys J, 100, 2217-2225.  
20854710 W.Yang (2011).
Nucleases: diversity of structure, function and mechanism.
  Q Rev Biophys, 44, 1.  
19264795 B.Dassa, N.London, B.L.Stoddard, O.Schueler-Furman, and S.Pietrokovski (2009).
Fractured genes: a novel genomic arrangement involving new split inteins and a new homing endonuclease family.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 37, 2560-2573.  
19708049 H.D.Mootz (2009).
Split inteins as versatile tools for protein semisynthesis.
  Chembiochem, 10, 2579-2589.  
19136555 J.H.Appleby, K.Zhou, G.Volkmann, and X.Q.Liu (2009).
Novel Split Intein for trans-Splicing Synthetic Peptide onto C Terminus of Protein.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 6194-6199.  
19605345 P.Singh, P.Tripathi, G.H.Silva, A.Pingoud, and K.Muniyappa (2009).
Characterization of Mycobacterium leprae RecA intein, a LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease, reveals a unique mode of DNA binding, helical distortion, and cleavage compared with a canonical LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 25912-25928.  
19630416 Z.Du, P.T.Shemella, Y.Liu, S.A.McCallum, B.Pereira, S.K.Nayak, G.Belfort, M.Belfort, and C.Wang (2009).
Highly conserved histidine plays a dual catalytic role in protein splicing: a pKa shift mechanism.
  J Am Chem Soc, 131, 11581-11589.  
18424798 C.M.Moure, F.S.Gimble, and F.A.Quiocho (2008).
Crystal structures of I-SceI complexed to nicked DNA substrates: snapshots of intermediates along the DNA cleavage reaction pathway.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 36, 3287-3296.
PDB codes: 3c0w 3c0x
17999959 J.Prieto, J.C.Epinat, P.Redondo, E.Ramos, D.Padró, F.Cédrone, G.Montoya, F.Pâques, and F.J.Blanco (2008).
Generation and analysis of mesophilic variants of the thermostable archaeal I-DmoI homing endonuclease.
  J Biol Chem, 283, 4364-4374.  
  17389927 A.G.Senejani, and J.P.Gogarten (2007).
Structural stability and endonuclease activity of a PI-SceI GFP-fusion protein.
  Int J Biol Sci, 3, 205-211.  
17452357 J.Prieto, P.Redondo, D.Padró, S.Arnould, J.C.Epinat, F.Pâques, F.J.Blanco, and G.Montoya (2007).
The C-terminal loop of the homing endonuclease I-CreI is essential for site recognition, DNA binding and cleavage.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 35, 3262-3271.
PDB code: 2o7m
17586768 M.A.Johnson, M.W.Southworth, T.Herrmann, L.Brace, F.B.Perler, and K.Wüthrich (2007).
NMR structure of a KlbA intein precursor from Methanococcus jannaschii.
  Protein Sci, 16, 1316-1328.
PDB codes: 2jmz 2jnq
  18084082 P.Redondo, J.Prieto, E.Ramos, F.J.Blanco, and G.Montoya (2007).
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis on the homing endonuclease I-Dmo-I in complex with its target DNA.
  Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun, 63, 1017-1020.  
17085503 P.Shemella, B.Pereira, Y.Zhang, P.Van Roey, G.Belfort, S.Garde, and S.K.Nayak (2007).
Mechanism for intein C-terminal cleavage: a proposal from quantum mechanical calculations.
  Biophys J, 92, 847-853.  
17254599 P.Van Roey, B.Pereira, Z.Li, K.Hiraga, M.Belfort, and V.Derbyshire (2007).
Crystallographic and mutational studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis recA mini-inteins suggest a pivotal role for a highly conserved aspartate residue.
  J Mol Biol, 367, 162-173.
PDB codes: 2imz 2in0 2in8 2in9
17426121 P.Volná, J.Jarjour, S.Baxter, S.R.Roffler, R.J.Monnat, B.L.Stoddard, and A.M.Scharenberg (2007).
Flow cytometric analysis of DNA binding and cleavage by cell surface-displayed homing endonucleases.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 35, 2748-2758.  
16507575 A.Bakhrat, K.Baranes, O.Krichevsky, I.Rom, G.Schlenstedt, S.Pietrokovski, and D.Raveh (2006).
Nuclear import of ho endonuclease utilizes two nuclear localization signals and four importins of the ribosomal import system.
  J Biol Chem, 281, 12218-12226.  
16698541 F.S.Gimble (2006).
Broken symmetry in homing endonucleases.
  Structure, 14, 804-806.  
16493661 H.Matsumura, H.Takahashi, T.Inoue, T.Yamamoto, H.Hashimoto, M.Nishioka, S.Fujiwara, M.Takagi, T.Imanaka, and Y.Kai (2006).
Crystal structure of intein homing endonuclease II encoded in DNA polymerase gene from hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis strain KOD1.
  Proteins, 63, 711-715.
PDB codes: 2cw7 2cw8
16830226 J.Yang, T.V.Henry-Smith, and M.Qi (2006).
Functional analysis of the split Synechocystis DnaE intein in plant tissues by biolistic particle bombardment.
  Transgenic Res, 15, 583-593.  
16737526 M.I.Butler, J.Gray, T.J.Goodwin, and R.T.Poulter (2006).
The distribution and evolutionary history of the PRP8 intein.
  BMC Evol Biol, 6, 42.  
16698548 P.C.Spiegel, B.Chevalier, D.Sussman, M.Turmel, C.Lemieux, and B.L.Stoddard (2006).
The structure of I-CeuI homing endonuclease: Evolving asymmetric DNA recognition from a symmetric protein scaffold.
  Structure, 14, 869-880.
PDB code: 2ex5
15971839 M.Hamady, T.H.Cheung, K.Resing, K.J.Cios, and R.Knight (2005).
Key challenges in proteomics and proteoinformatics. Progress in proteins.
  IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag, 24, 34-40.  
15020462 A.Bakhrat, M.S.Jurica, B.L.Stoddard, and D.Raveh (2004).
Homology modeling and mutational analysis of Ho endonuclease of yeast.
  Genetics, 166, 721-728.  
14634013 A.J.Noël, W.Wende, and A.Pingoud (2004).
DNA recognition by the homing endonuclease PI-SceI involves a divalent metal ion cofactor-induced conformational change.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 6794-6804.  
15087498 A.Romanelli, A.Shekhtman, D.Cowburn, and T.W.Muir (2004).
Semisynthesis of a segmental isotopically labeled protein splicing precursor: NMR evidence for an unusual peptide bond at the N-extein-intein junction.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 6397-6402.  
15190132 G.H.Silva, and M.Belfort (2004).
Analysis of the LAGLIDADG interface of the monomeric homing endonuclease I-DmoI.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 32, 3156-3168.  
15189989 J.D.Wuitschick, P.R.Lindstrom, A.E.Meyer, and K.M.Karrer (2004).
Homing endonucleases encoded by germ line-limited genes in Tetrahymena thermophila have APETELA2 DNA binding domains.
  Eukaryot Cell, 3, 685-694.  
14763852 J.Ma, and C.L.Cooney (2004).
Application of vortex flow adsorption technology to intein-mediated recovery of recombinant human alpha1-antitrypsin.
  Biotechnol Prog, 20, 269-276.  
14763989 J.Yang, Q.Meng, and X.Q.Liu (2004).
Intein harbouring large tandem repeats in replicative DNA helicase of Trichodesmium erythraeum.
  Mol Microbiol, 51, 1185-1192.  
15280510 K.L.Posey, V.Koufopanou, A.Burt, and F.S.Gimble (2004).
Evolution of divergent DNA recognition specificities in VDE homing endonucleases from two yeast species.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 32, 3947-3956.  
14764082 R.David, M.P.Richter, and A.G.Beck-Sickinger (2004).
Expressed protein ligation. Method and applications.
  Eur J Biochem, 271, 663-677.  
15189162 R.K.Mann, and P.A.Beachy (2004).
Novel lipid modifications of secreted protein signals.
  Annu Rev Biochem, 73, 891-923.  
14760742 S.Steuer, V.Pingoud, A.Pingoud, and W.Wende (2004).
Chimeras of the homing endonuclease PI-SceI and the homologous Candida tropicalis intein: a study to explore the possibility of exchanging DNA-binding modules to obtain highly specific endonucleases with altered specificity.
  Chembiochem, 5, 206-213.  
15194682 W.Sun, J.Yang, and X.Q.Liu (2004).
Synthetic two-piece and three-piece split inteins for protein trans-splicing.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 35281-35286.  
14633979 F.Schmitzberger, M.L.Kilkenny, C.M.Lobley, M.E.Webb, M.Vinkovic, D.Matak-Vinkovic, M.Witty, D.Y.Chirgadze, A.G.Smith, C.Abell, and T.L.Blundell (2003).
Structural constraints on protein self-processing in L-aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase.
  EMBO J, 22, 6193-6204.
PDB codes: 1ppy 1pqe 1pqf 1pqh 1pt0 1pt1 1pyq 1pyu
12771221 J.C.Epinat, S.Arnould, P.Chames, P.Rochaix, D.Desfontaines, C.Puzin, A.Patin, A.Zanghellini, F.Pâques, and E.Lacroix (2003).
A novel engineered meganuclease induces homologous recombination in yeast and mammalian cells.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 31, 2952-2962.  
14651639 J.Caspi, G.Amitai, O.Belenkiy, and S.Pietrokovski (2003).
Distribution of split DnaE inteins in cyanobacteria.
  Mol Microbiol, 50, 1569-1577.  
14633971 J.M.Bolduc, P.C.Spiegel, P.Chatterjee, K.L.Brady, M.E.Downing, M.G.Caprara, R.B.Waring, and B.L.Stoddard (2003).
Structural and biochemical analyses of DNA and RNA binding by a bifunctional homing endonuclease and group I intron splicing factor.
  Genes Dev, 17, 2875-2888.
PDB code: 1p8k
12839620 T.Fukuda, S.Nogami, and Y.Ohya (2003).
VDE-initiated intein homing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae proceeds in a meiotic recombination-like manner.
  Genes Cells, 8, 587-602.  
12654010 W.J.Geese, Y.K.Kwon, X.Wen, and R.B.Waring (2003).
In vitro analysis of the relationship between endonuclease and maturase activities in the bi-functional group I intron-encoded protein, I-AniI.
  Eur J Biochem, 270, 1543-1554.  
12975359 X.Q.Liu, J.Yang, and Q.Meng (2003).
Four inteins and three group II introns encoded in a bacterial ribonucleotide reductase gene.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 46826-46831.  
12766150 X.Q.Liu, and J.Yang (2003).
Split dnaE genes encoding multiple novel inteins in Trichodesmium erythraeum.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 26315-26318.  
12878593 Y.Ding, M.Q.Xu, I.Ghosh, X.Chen, S.Ferrandon, G.Lesage, and Z.Rao (2003).
Crystal structure of a mini-intein reveals a conserved catalytic module involved in side chain cyclization of asparagine during protein splicing.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 39133-39142.
PDB code: 1mi8
12734795 Y.Okuda, D.Sasaki, S.Nogami, Y.Kaneko, Y.Ohya, and Y.Anraku (2003).
Occurrence, horizontal transfer and degeneration of VDE intein family in Saccharomycete yeasts.
  Yeast, 20, 563-573.  
12419232 B.S.Chevalier, T.Kortemme, M.S.Chadsey, D.Baker, R.J.Monnat, and B.L.Stoddard (2002).
Design, activity, and structure of a highly specific artificial endonuclease.
  Mol Cell, 10, 895-905.
PDB code: 1mow
12219083 C.M.Moure, F.S.Gimble, and F.A.Quiocho (2002).
Crystal structure of the intein homing endonuclease PI-SceI bound to its recognition sequence.
  Nat Struct Biol, 9, 764-770.
PDB codes: 1lws 1lwt
12235380 E.Werner, W.Wende, A.Pingoud, and U.Heinemann (2002).
High resolution crystal structure of domain I of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homing endonuclease PI-SceI.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 30, 3962-3971.
PDB code: 1gpp
12142479 J.P.Gogarten, A.G.Senejani, O.Zhaxybayeva, L.Olendzenski, and E.Hilario (2002).
Inteins: structure, function, and evolution.
  Annu Rev Microbiol, 56, 263-287.  
11841209 K.L.Posey, and F.S.Gimble (2002).
Insertion of a reversible redox switch into a rare-cutting DNA endonuclease.
  Biochemistry, 41, 2184-2190.  
12202772 L.M.Seligman, K.M.Chisholm, B.S.Chevalier, M.S.Chadsey, S.T.Edwards, J.H.Savage, and A.L.Veillet (2002).
Mutations altering the cleavage specificity of a homing endonuclease.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 30, 3870-3879.  
12239210 L.Thion, E.Laurine, M.Erard, O.Burlet-Schiltz, B.Monsarrat, J.M.Masson, and I.Saves (2002).
The two-step cleavage activity of PI-TfuI intein endonuclease demonstrated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 45442-45450.  
11850426 N.Guhan, and K.Muniyappa (2002).
Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecA intein possesses a novel ATP-dependent site-specific double-stranded DNA endonuclease activity.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 16257-16264.  
12167644 N.Guhan, and K.Muniyappa (2002).
The RecA intein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes cleavage of ectopic DNA sites. Implications for the dispersal of inteins in natural populations.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 40352-40361.  
12112231 S.Nogami, T.Fukuda, Y.Nagai, S.Yabe, M.Sugiura, R.Mizutani, Y.Satow, Y.Anraku, and Y.Ohya (2002).
Homing at an extragenic locus mediated by VDE (PI-SceI) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  Yeast, 19, 773-782.  
12077443 X.Chen, M.Q.Xu, Y.Ding, S.Ferrandon, and Z.Rao (2002).
Purification and initial crystallization studies of a DnaB intein from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 58, 1201-1203.  
12077444 X.Chen, M.Q.Xu, Y.Ding, S.Ferrandon, and Z.Rao (2002).
Crystallographic study of a naturally occurring trans-splicing intein from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 58, 1204-1206.  
11722801 A.G.Senejani, E.Hilario, and J.P.Gogarten (2001).
The intein of the Thermoplasma A-ATPase A subunit: structure, evolution and expression in E. coli.
  BMC Biochem, 2, 13.  
11557808 B.S.Chevalier, and B.L.Stoddard (2001).
Homing endonucleases: structural and functional insight into the catalysts of intron/intein mobility.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 29, 3757-3774.  
11600710 F.S.Gimble (2001).
Degeneration of a homing endonuclease and its target sequence in a wild yeast strain.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 29, 4215-4223.  
11344334 J.M.Bujnicki, and L.Rychlewski (2001).
Unusual evolutionary history of the tRNA splicing endonuclease EndA: relationship to the LAGLIDADG and PD-(D/E)XK deoxyribonucleases.
  Protein Sci, 10, 656-660.  
11746598 M.I.Butler, T.J.Goodwin, and R.T.Poulter (2001).
A nuclear-encoded intein in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.
  Yeast, 18, 1365-1370.  
10828056 B.W.Poland, M.Q.Xu, and F.A.Quiocho (2000).
Structural insights into the protein splicing mechanism of PI-SceI.
  J Biol Chem, 275, 16408-16413.
PDB codes: 1ef0 1efb
10978180 C.M.Dupureur, and L.H.Conlan (2000).
A catalytically deficient active site variant of PvuII endonuclease binds Mg(II) ions.
  Biochemistry, 39, 10921-10927.  
10666469 C.Monteilhet, D.Dziadkowiec, T.Szczepanek, and J.Lazowska (2000).
Purification and characterization of the DNA cleavage and recognition site of I-ScaI mitochondrial group I intron encoded endonuclease produced in Escherichia coli.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 28, 1245-1251.  
10684923 C.Saguez, G.Lecellier, and F.Koll (2000).
Intronic GIY-YIG endonuclease gene in the mitochondrial genome of Podospora curvicolla: evidence for mobility.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 28, 1299-1306.  
10644733 D.Hu, M.Crist, X.Duan, F.A.Quiocho, and F.S.Gimble (2000).
Probing the structure of the PI-SceI-DNA complex by affinity cleavage and affinity photocross-linking.
  J Biol Chem, 275, 2705-2712.
PDB code: 1dfa
10975457 F.B.Perler, and E.Adam (2000).
Protein splicing and its applications.
  Curr Opin Biotechnol, 11, 377-383.  
10754232 F.S.Gimble (2000).
Invasion of a multitude of genetic niches by mobile endonuclease genes.
  FEMS Microbiol Lett, 185, 99.  
10957641 H.Hashimoto, H.Takahashi, M.Nishioka, S.Fujiwara, M.Takagi, T.Imanaka, T.Inoue, and Y.Kai (2000).
Crystallographic study of intein homing endonuclease II encoded in the archaeal DNA polymerase gene.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 56, 1185-1186.  
10966466 H.Paulus (2000).
Protein splicing and related forms of protein autoprocessing.
  Annu Rev Biochem, 69, 447-496.  
10990465 M.W.Southworth, J.Benner, and F.B.Perler (2000).
An alternative protein splicing mechanism for inteins lacking an N-terminal nucleophile.
  EMBO J, 19, 5019-5026.  
11111088 R.K.Mann, and P.A.Beachy (2000).
Cholesterol modification of proteins.
  Biochim Biophys Acta, 1529, 188-202.  
11142386 S.B.Rho, and S.A.Martinis (2000).
The bI4 group I intron binds directly to both its protein splicing partners, a tRNA synthetase and maturase, to facilitate RNA splicing activity.
  RNA, 6, 1882-1894.  
11123916 S.Schöttler, W.Wende, V.Pingoud, and A.Pingoud (2000).
Identification of Asp218 and Asp326 as the principal Mg2+ binding ligands of the homing endonuclease PI-SceI.
  Biochemistry, 39, 15895-15900.  
11092936 T.J.O'Loughlin, Q.Xu, R.B.Kucera, L.F.Dorner, S.Sweeney, I.Schildkraut, and H.C.Guo (2000).
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of MspI restriction endonuclease in complex with its cognate DNA.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 56, 1652-1655.  
11092822 X.Q.Liu (2000).
Protein-splicing intein: Genetic mobility, origin, and evolution.
  Annu Rev Genet, 34, 61-76.  
10685045 B.Ayers, U.K.Blaschke, J.A.Camarero, G.J.Cotton, M.Holford, and T.W.Muir (1999).
Introduction of unnatural amino acids into proteins using expressed protein ligation.
  Biopolymers, 51, 343-354.  
10685046 B.M.Lew, K.V.Mills, and H.Paulus (1999).
Characteristics of protein splicing in trans mediated by a semisynthetic split intein.
  Biopolymers, 51, 355-362.  
10366843 F.B.Perler (1999).
A natural example of protein trans-splicing.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 24, 209-211.  
10601013 F.Christ, S.Schoettler, W.Wende, S.Steuer, A.Pingoud, and V.Pingoud (1999).
The monomeric homing endonuclease PI-SceI has two catalytic centres for cleavage of the two strands of its DNA substrate.
  EMBO J, 18, 6908-6916.  
10490104 Q.Xu, D.Buckley, C.Guan, and H.C.Guo (1999).
Structural insights into the mechanism of intramolecular proteolysis.
  Cell, 98, 651-661.
PDB codes: 9gaa 9gac 9gaf
10494832 S.Chandrasegaran, and J.Smith (1999).
Chimeric restriction enzymes: what is next?
  Biol Chem, 380, 841-848.  
  10091667 S.Daugelat, and W.R.Jacobs (1999).
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis recA intein can be used in an ORFTRAP to select for open reading frames.
  Protein Sci, 8, 644-653.  
10187809 V.Pingoud, H.Thole, F.Christ, W.Grindl, W.Wende, and A.Pingoud (1999).
Photocross-linking of the homing endonuclease PI-SceI to its recognition sequence.
  J Biol Chem, 274, 10235-10243.  
9512547 A.E.Gorbalenya (1998).
Non-canonical inteins.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 26, 1741-1748.  
9519292 A.K.Aggarwal, and D.A.Wah (1998).
Novel site-specific DNA endonucleases.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 8, 19-25.  
9437416 B.L.Stoddard, and S.Pietrokovski (1998).
Breaking up is hard to do.
  Nat Struct Biol, 5, 3-5.  
9632632 B.M.Lew, K.V.Mills, and H.Paulus (1998).
Protein splicing in vitro with a semisynthetic two-component minimal intein.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 15887-15890.  
9546209 F.B.Perler (1998).
Breaking up is easy with esters.
  Nat Struct Biol, 5, 249-252.  
9489693 F.B.Perler (1998).
Protein splicing of inteins and hedgehog autoproteolysis: structure, function, and evolution.
  Cell, 92, 1-4.  
9804821 F.S.Gimble, X.Duan, D.Hu, and F.A.Quiocho (1998).
Identification of Lys-403 in the PI-SceI homing endonuclease as part of a symmetric catalytic center.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 30524-30529.  
9818144 F.S.Gimble (1998).
Putting protein splicing to work.
  Chem Biol, 5, R251-R256.  
9685368 H.C.Guo, Q.Xu, D.Buckley, and C.Guan (1998).
Crystal structures of Flavobacterium glycosylasparaginase. An N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase activated by intramolecular proteolysis.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 20205-20212.
PDB codes: 2gac 2gaw
9689062 H.Wu, Z.Hu, and X.Q.Liu (1998).
Protein trans-splicing by a split intein encoded in a split DnaE gene of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 9226-9231.  
10089530 J.Z.Dalgaard, G.H.Silva, M.Belfort, and P.Van Roey (1998).
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the archaeal intron-encoded endonuclease I-DmoI.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 54, 1435-1436.  
9511761 K.Shingledecker, S.Q.Jiang, and H.Paulus (1998).
Molecular dissection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecA intein: design of a minimal intein and of a trans-splicing system involving two intein fragments.
  Gene, 207, 187-195.  
9520402 K.V.Mills, B.M.Lew, S.Jiang, and H.Paulus (1998).
Protein splicing in trans by purified N- and C-terminal fragments of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecA intein.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 3543-3548.  
9463370 M.W.Southworth, E.Adam, D.Panne, R.Byer, R.Kautz, and F.B.Perler (1998).
Control of protein splicing by intein fragment reassembly.
  EMBO J, 17, 918-926.  
9666333 R.B.Russell, and C.P.Ponting (1998).
Protein fold irregularities that hinder sequence analysis.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 8, 364-371.  
9553117 S.Chong, K.S.Williams, C.Wotkowicz, and M.Q.Xu (1998).
Modulation of protein splicing of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar membrane ATPase intein.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 10567-10577.  
  9514260 S.Pietrokovski (1998).
Modular organization of inteins and C-terminal autocatalytic domains.
  Protein Sci, 7, 64-71.  
9437427 T.Klabunde, S.Sharma, A.Telenti, W.R.Jacobs, and J.C.Sacchettini (1998).
Crystal structure of GyrA intein from Mycobacterium xenopi reveals structural basis of protein splicing.
  Nat Struct Biol, 5, 31-36.
PDB code: 1am2
9465018 V.Derbyshire, and M.Belfort (1998).
Lightning strikes twice: intron-intein coincidence.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 1356-1357.  
9609720 V.Pingoud, W.Grindl, W.Wende, H.Thole, and A.Pingoud (1998).
Structural and functional analysis of the homing endonuclease PI-sceI by limited proteolytic cleavage and molecular cloning of partial digestion products.
  Biochemistry, 37, 8233-8243.  
9518476 W.Grindl, W.Wende, V.Pingoud, and A.Pingoud (1998).
The protein splicing domain of the homing endonuclease PI-sceI is responsible for specific DNA binding.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 26, 1857-1862.  
9468518 Z.He, M.Crist, H.Yen, X.Duan, F.A.Quiocho, and F.S.Gimble (1998).
Amino acid residues in both the protein splicing and endonuclease domains of the PI-SceI intein mediate DNA binding.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 4607-4615.  
  9335286 A.Telenti, M.Southworth, F.Alcaide, S.Daugelat, W.R.Jacobs, and F.B.Perler (1997).
The Mycobacterium xenopi GyrA protein splicing element: characterization of a minimal intein.
  J Bacteriol, 179, 6378-6382.  
9358175 J.Z.Dalgaard, A.J.Klar, M.J.Moser, W.R.Holley, A.Chatterjee, and I.S.Mian (1997).
Statistical modeling and analysis of the LAGLIDADG family of site-specific endonucleases and identification of an intein that encodes a site-specific endonuclease of the HNH family.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 25, 4626-4638.  
  9228618 J.Z.Dalgaard, M.J.Moser, R.Hughey, and I.S.Mian (1997).
Statistical modeling, phylogenetic analysis and structure prediction of a protein splicing domain common to inteins and hedgehog proteins.
  J Comput Biol, 4, 193-214.  
  9416623 K.E.Flick, D.McHugh, J.D.Heath, K.M.Stephens, R.J.Monnat, and B.L.Stoddard (1997).
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of I-PpoI: a nuclear, intron-encoded homing endonuclease from Physarum polycephalum.
  Protein Sci, 6, 2677-2680.  
9254693 M.Belfort, and R.J.Roberts (1997).
Homing endonucleases: keeping the house in order.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 25, 3379-3388.  
9667881 S.J.Benkovic, and C.T.Walsh (1997).
Research highlights at the chemistry/biology interface
  Curr Opin Chem Biol, 1, 289-291.  
9335337 T.M.Hall, J.A.Porter, K.E.Young, E.V.Koonin, P.A.Beachy, and D.J.Leahy (1997).
Crystal structure of a Hedgehog autoprocessing domain: homology between Hedgehog and self-splicing proteins.
  Cell, 91, 85-97.
PDB code: 1at0
9326633 V.Derbyshire, D.W.Wood, W.Wu, J.T.Dansereau, J.Z.Dalgaard, and M.Belfort (1997).
Genetic definition of a protein-splicing domain: functional mini-inteins support structure predictions and a model for intein evolution.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 11466-11471.  
The most recent references are shown first. Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be only a partial list as not all journals are covered by either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data so more and more references will be included with time. Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB code is shown on the right.

 

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