PDBsum entry 1pwm

Oxidoreductase

PDB id: 1pwm

Contents

Protein chain

316 a.a. *

Ligands

NAP

FID

Metals

_CL

Waters ×594

* Residue conservation analysis

PDB id:

1pwm

Name:

Oxidoreductase

Title:

Crystal structure of human aldose reductase complexed with NADP and fidarestat

Structure:

Aldose reductase. Chain: a. Engineered: yes

Source:

Homo sapiens. Human. Organism_taxid: 9606. Expressed in: escherichia coli bl21. Expression_system_taxid: 511693.

Resolution:

0.92Å R-factor: 0.105 R-free: 0.129

Authors:

O.El-Kabbani,C.Darmanin,T.R.Schneider,I.Hazemann,F.Ruiz,M.Oka, A.Joachimiak,C.Schulze-Briese,T.Tomizaki,A.Mitschler,A.Podjarny

Key ref:

O.El-Kabbani et al. (2004). Ultrahigh resolution drug design. II. Atomic resolution structures of human aldose reductase holoenzyme complexed with Fidarestat and Minalrestat: implications for the binding of cyclic imide inhibitors. Proteins, 55, 805-813. PubMed id: 15146479 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20001

Date:

02-Jul-03 Release date: 24-Feb-04

Protein chain

P15121  (ALDR_HUMAN) -  Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 from Homo sapiens

Seq: 316 a.a.

Struc: 316 a.a.*

* PDB and UniProt seqs differ at 1 residue position (black cross)

Enzyme reactions

• Enzyme class 1: E.C.1.1.1.21 - aldose reductase.
• Reaction:
  1. an alditol + NAD⁺ = an aldose + NADH + H⁺
  2. an alditol + NADP⁺ = an aldose + NADPH + H⁺

alditol + NAD(+) (Bound ligand (Het Group name = NAP) matches with 91.67% similarity) = aldose + NADH + H(+)

alditol + NADP(+) (Bound ligand (Het Group name = NAP) corresponds exactly) = aldose + NADPH + H(+)

• Enzyme class 2: E.C.1.1.1.300 - NADP-retinol dehydrogenase.
• Reaction: all-trans-retinol + NADP⁺ = all-trans-retinal + NADPH + H⁺

all-trans-retinol (Bound ligand (Het Group name = FID) matches with 41.38% similarity) + NADP(+) (Bound ligand (Het Group name = NAP) corresponds exactly) = all-trans-retinal + NADPH + H(+)

• Enzyme class 3: E.C.1.1.1.372 - D/L-glyceraldehyde reductase.
• Reaction:
  1. glycerol + NADP⁺ = L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H⁺
  2. glycerol + NADP⁺ = D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H⁺

glycerol + NADP(+) (Bound ligand (Het Group name = NAP) corresponds exactly) = L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H(+)

glycerol + NADP(+) (Bound ligand (Het Group name = NAP) corresponds exactly) = D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H(+)

• Enzyme class 4: E.C.1.1.1.54 - allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase.
• Reaction: allyl alcohol + NADP⁺ = acrolein + NADPH + H⁺

allyl alcohol + NADP(+) (Bound ligand (Het Group name = NAP) corresponds exactly) = acrolein + NADPH + H(+)

Note, where more than one E.C. class is given (as above), each may correspond to a different protein domain or, in the case of polyprotein precursors, to a different mature protein.

Molecule diagrams generated from .mol files obtained from the KEGG ftp site

reference

DOI no: 10.1002/prot.20001

Proteins 55:805-813 (2004)

PubMed id: 15146479

Ultrahigh resolution drug design. II. Atomic resolution structures of human aldose reductase holoenzyme complexed with Fidarestat and Minalrestat: implications for the binding of cyclic imide inhibitors.

O.El-Kabbani, C.Darmanin, T.R.Schneider, I.Hazemann, F.Ruiz, M.Oka, A.Joachimiak, C.Schulze-Briese, T.Tomizaki, A.Mitschler, A.Podjarny.

ABSTRACT

The X-ray structures of human aldose reductase holoenzyme in complex with the inhibitors Fidarestat (SNK-860) and Minalrestat (WAY-509) were determined at atomic resolutions of 0.92 A and 1.1 A, respectively. The hydantoin and succinimide moieties of the inhibitors interacted with the conserved anion-binding site located between the nicotinamide ring of the coenzyme and active site residues Tyr48, His110, and Trp111. Minalrestat's hydrophobic isoquinoline ring was bound in an adjacent pocket lined by residues Trp20, Phe122, and Trp219, with the bromo-fluorobenzyl group inside the "specificity" pocket. The interactions between Minalrestat's bromo-fluorobenzyl group and the enzyme include the stacking against the side-chain of Trp111 as well as hydrogen bonding distances with residues Leu300 and Thr113. The carbamoyl group in Fidarestat formed a hydrogen bond with the main-chain nitrogen atom of Leu300. The atomic resolution refinement allowed the positioning of hydrogen atoms and accurate determination of bond lengths of the inhibitors, coenzyme NADP+ and active-site residue His110. The 1'-position nitrogen atom in the hydantoin and succinimide moieties of Fidarestat and Minalrestat, respectively, form a hydrogen bond with the Nepsilon2 atom of His 110. For Fidarestat, the electron density indicated two possible positions for the H-atom in this bond. Furthermore, both native and anomalous difference maps indicated the replacement of a water molecule linked to His110 by a Cl-ion. These observations suggest a mechanism in which Fidarestat is bound protonated and becomes negatively charged by donating the proton to His110, which may have important implications on drug design.

Selected figure(s)

Figure 5.
Figure 5. Stereoviews of (a) Fidarestat and (b) Minalrestat bound into the active site of the human ALR2 holoenzyme. Residues within 4 Å of the compounds with hydrogen bonds (yellow solid lines) and close contacts (green solid lines) are shown.

Figure 6.
Figure 6. Proposed mechanism of binding of Fidarestat (SNK-860).

The above figures are reprinted by permission from John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Proteins (2004, 55, 805-813) copyright 2004.

Figures were selected by an automated process.