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PDBsum entry 1khv
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* Residue conservation analysis
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Enzyme class 1:
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E.C.2.7.7.48
- RNA-directed Rna polymerase.
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Reaction:
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RNA(n) + a ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate = RNA(n+1) + diphosphate
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RNA(n)
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+
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ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
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=
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RNA(n+1)
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+
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diphosphate
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Enzyme class 2:
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E.C.3.4.22.66
- calicivirin.
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Enzyme class 3:
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E.C.3.6.1.15
- nucleoside-triphosphate phosphatase.
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Reaction:
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a ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate + H2O = a ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + phosphate + H+
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ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
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+
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H2O
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=
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ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate
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+
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phosphate
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+
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H(+)
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Note, where more than one E.C. class is given (as above), each may
correspond to a different protein domain or, in the case of polyprotein
precursors, to a different mature protein.
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Molecule diagrams generated from .mol files obtained from the
KEGG ftp site
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DOI no:
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J Biol Chem
277:1381-1387
(2002)
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PubMed id:
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Crystal structures of active and inactive conformations of a caliciviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
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K.K.Ng,
M.M.Cherney,
A.L.Vazquez,
A.Machin,
J.M.Alonso,
F.Parra,
M.N.James.
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ABSTRACT
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The structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) from the rabbit
hemorrhagic disease virus has been determined by x-ray crystallography to a
2.5-A resolution. The overall structure resembles a "right hand," as
seen before in other polymerases, including the RdRPs of polio virus and
hepatitis C virus. Two copies of the polymerase are present in the asymmetric
unit of the crystal, revealing active and inactive conformations within the same
crystal form. The fingers and palm domains form a relatively rigid unit, but the
thumb domain can adopt either "closed" or "open"
conformations differing by a rigid body rotation of approximately 8 degrees.
Metal ions bind at different positions in the two conformations and suggest how
structural changes may be important to enzymatic function in RdRPs. Comparisons
between the structures of the alternate conformational states of rabbit
hemorrhagic disease virus RdRP and the structures of RdRPs from hepatitis C
virus and polio virus suggest novel structure-function relationships in this
medically important class of enzymes.
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Selected figure(s)
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Figure 2.
Fig. 2. Ribbon diagrams of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases
shown from a similar vantage point. A, RHDV; B, PV (PDB code
1RDR) (8); and C, HCV (PDB code 1C2P) (11). Side chains of
active site aspartic acid residues (Asp-250 and Asp-354 in RHDV)
are drawn as balls and sticks, and Mn2+ ions are drawn as pink
spheres. The Ca^2+ ion found near the active site in the polio
virus structure is drawn as a gray sphere. There were no bound
metal ions reported in the HCV RdRP structures.
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Figure 3.
Fig. 3. Conformational differences between two copies in
the asymmetric unit of RHDV RdRP (Lu3+ cocrystal structure,
stereoscopic view). Copy A is colored in red, and copy B is
colored in blue. The palm and fingers domains were superposed to
emphasize the movement of the thumb and N-terminal domains
relative to the central core of the protein.
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The above figures are
reprinted
by permission from the ASBMB:
J Biol Chem
(2002,
277,
1381-1387)
copyright 2002.
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Figures were
selected
by an automated process.
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Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference
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PubMed id
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Reference
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R.A.Bull,
J.Hyde,
J.M.Mackenzie,
G.S.Hansman,
T.Oka,
N.Takeda,
and
P.A.White
(2011).
Comparison of the replication properties of murine and human calicivirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerases.
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Virus Genes,
42,
16-27.
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S.Rasheedi,
M.Suragani,
S.K.Haq,
Sachchidanand,
R.Bhardwaj,
S.E.Hasnain,
and
N.Z.Ehtesham
(2010).
Expression, purification and ligand binding properties of the recombinant translation initiation factor (PeIF5B) from Pisum sativum.
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Mol Cell Biochem,
344,
33-41.
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A.Machín,
J.M.Martín Alonso,
K.P.Dalton,
and
F.Parra
(2009).
Functional differences between precursor and mature forms of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus.
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J Gen Virol,
90,
2114-2118.
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M.Högbom,
K.Jäger,
I.Robel,
T.Unge,
and
J.Rohayem
(2009).
The active form of the norovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is a homodimer with cooperative activity.
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J Gen Virol,
90,
281-291.
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A.Abrahem,
and
M.Pelchat
(2008).
Formation of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex on an RNA promoter derived from the hepatitis delta virus RNA genome.
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Nucleic Acids Res,
36,
5201-5211.
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A.Gruez,
B.Selisko,
M.Roberts,
G.Bricogne,
C.Bussetta,
I.Jabafi,
B.Coutard,
A.M.De Palma,
J.Neyts,
and
B.Canard
(2008).
The crystal structure of coxsackievirus B3 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in complex with its protein primer VPg confirms the existence of a second VPg binding site on Picornaviridae polymerases.
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J Virol,
82,
9577-9590.
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PDB codes:
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K.K.Ng,
J.J.Arnold,
and
C.E.Cameron
(2008).
Structure-function relationships among RNA-dependent RNA polymerases.
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Curr Top Microbiol Immunol,
320,
137-156.
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M.Hass,
M.Lelke,
C.Busch,
B.Becker-Ziaja,
and
S.Günther
(2008).
Mutational evidence for a structural model of the Lassa virus RNA polymerase domain and identification of two residues, Gly1394 and Asp1395, that are critical for transcription but not replication of the genome.
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J Virol,
82,
10207-10217.
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P.Roy
(2008).
Functional mapping of bluetongue virus proteins and their interactions with host proteins during virus replication.
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Cell Biochem Biophys,
50,
143-157.
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P.Roy
(2008).
Bluetongue virus: dissection of the polymerase complex.
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J Gen Virol,
89,
1789-1804.
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S.Chinnaswamy,
I.Yarbrough,
S.Palaninathan,
C.T.Kumar,
V.Vijayaraghavan,
B.Demeler,
S.M.Lemon,
J.C.Sacchettini,
and
C.C.Kao
(2008).
A locking mechanism regulates RNA synthesis and host protein interaction by the hepatitis C virus polymerase.
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J Biol Chem,
283,
20535-20546.
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A.A.Thompson,
R.A.Albertini,
and
O.B.Peersen
(2007).
Stabilization of poliovirus polymerase by NTP binding and fingers-thumb interactions.
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J Mol Biol,
366,
1459-1474.
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PDB codes:
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J.M.Wehrfritz,
M.Boyce,
S.Mirza,
and
P.Roy
(2007).
Reconstitution of bluetongue virus polymerase activity from isolated domains based on a three-dimensional structural model.
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Biopolymers,
86,
83-94.
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J.Pan,
V.N.Vakharia,
and
Y.J.Tao
(2007).
The structure of a birnavirus polymerase reveals a distinct active site topology.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
104,
7385-7390.
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PDB code:
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L.L.Marcotte,
A.B.Wass,
D.W.Gohara,
H.B.Pathak,
J.J.Arnold,
D.J.Filman,
C.E.Cameron,
and
J.M.Hogle
(2007).
Crystal structure of poliovirus 3CD protein: virally encoded protease and precursor to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
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J Virol,
81,
3583-3596.
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PDB codes:
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M.S.Freistadt,
and
K.E.Eberle
(2007).
Conserved aspartic acid 233 and alanine 231 are not required for poliovirus polymerase function in replicons.
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Virol J,
4,
28.
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S.W.Fullerton,
M.Blaschke,
B.Coutard,
J.Gebhardt,
A.Gorbalenya,
B.Canard,
P.A.Tucker,
and
J.Rohayem
(2007).
Structural and functional characterization of sapovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
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J Virol,
81,
1858-1871.
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PDB code:
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T.L.Yap,
T.Xu,
Y.L.Chen,
H.Malet,
M.P.Egloff,
B.Canard,
S.G.Vasudevan,
and
J.Lescar
(2007).
Crystal structure of the dengue virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalytic domain at 1.85-angstrom resolution.
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J Virol,
81,
4753-4765.
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PDB codes:
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C.T.Ranjith-Kumar,
and
C.C.Kao
(2006).
Recombinant viral RdRps can initiate RNA synthesis from circular templates.
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RNA,
12,
303-312.
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J.Ortín,
and
F.Parra
(2006).
Structure and function of RNA replication.
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Annu Rev Microbiol,
60,
305-326.
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K.H.Choi,
A.Gallei,
P.Becher,
and
M.G.Rossmann
(2006).
The structure of bovine viral diarrhea virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and its amino-terminal domain.
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Structure,
14,
1107-1113.
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PDB code:
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S.Le Pogam,
H.Kang,
S.F.Harris,
V.Leveque,
A.M.Giannetti,
S.Ali,
W.R.Jiang,
S.Rajyaguru,
G.Tavares,
C.Oshiro,
T.Hendricks,
K.Klumpp,
J.Symons,
M.F.Browner,
N.Cammack,
and
I.Nájera
(2006).
Selection and characterization of replicon variants dually resistant to thumb- and palm-binding nonnucleoside polymerase inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus.
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J Virol,
80,
6146-6154.
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PDB codes:
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A.B.Sánchez,
and
J.C.de la Torre
(2005).
Genetic and biochemical evidence for an oligomeric structure of the functional L polymerase of the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.
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J Virol,
79,
7262-7268.
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G.Belliot,
S.V.Sosnovtsev,
K.O.Chang,
V.Babu,
U.Uche,
J.J.Arnold,
C.E.Cameron,
and
K.Y.Green
(2005).
Norovirus proteinase-polymerase and polymerase are both active forms of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
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J Virol,
79,
2393-2403.
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J.M.Martín-Alonso,
D.E.Skilling,
L.González-Molleda,
G.del Barrio,
A.Machín,
N.K.Keefer,
D.O.Matson,
P.L.Iversen,
A.W.Smith,
and
F.Parra
(2005).
Isolation and characterization of a new Vesivirus from rabbits.
|
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Virology,
337,
373-383.
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M.E.Hardy
(2005).
Norovirus protein structure and function.
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FEMS Microbiol Lett,
253,
1-8.
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T.C.Appleby,
H.Luecke,
J.H.Shim,
J.Z.Wu,
I.W.Cheney,
W.Zhong,
L.Vogeley,
Z.Hong,
and
N.Yao
(2005).
Crystal structure of complete rhinovirus RNA polymerase suggests front loading of protein primer.
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J Virol,
79,
277-288.
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PDB code:
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A.A.Thompson,
and
O.B.Peersen
(2004).
Structural basis for proteolysis-dependent activation of the poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
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EMBO J,
23,
3462-3471.
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PDB codes:
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A.Azzi,
and
S.X.Lin
(2004).
Human SARS-coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: activity determinants and nucleoside analogue inhibitors.
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Proteins,
57,
12-14.
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PDB code:
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D.W.Gohara,
J.J.Arnold,
and
C.E.Cameron
(2004).
Poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3Dpol): kinetic, thermodynamic, and structural analysis of ribonucleotide selection.
|
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Biochemistry,
43,
5149-5158.
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E.Area,
J.Martín-Benito,
P.Gastaminza,
E.Torreira,
J.M.Valpuesta,
J.L.Carrascosa,
and
J.Ortín
(2004).
3D structure of the influenza virus polymerase complex: localization of subunit domains.
|
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
101,
308-313.
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G.Greenspan,
D.Geiger,
F.Gotch,
M.Bower,
S.Patterdson,
M.Nelson,
B.Gazzard,
and
J.Stebbing
(2004).
Recombination does not occur in newly identified diverged oceanic picornaviruses.
|
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J Mol Evol,
58,
359-360.
|
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K.H.Choi,
J.M.Groarke,
D.C.Young,
R.J.Kuhn,
J.L.Smith,
D.C.Pevear,
and
M.G.Rossmann
(2004).
The structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from bovine viral diarrhea virus establishes the role of GTP in de novo initiation.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
101,
4425-4430.
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PDB codes:
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M.Garcia-Diaz,
K.Bebenek,
J.M.Krahn,
L.Blanco,
T.A.Kunkel,
and
L.C.Pedersen
(2004).
A structural solution for the DNA polymerase lambda-dependent repair of DNA gaps with minimal homology.
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Mol Cell,
13,
561-572.
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PDB code:
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P.S.Salgado,
E.V.Makeyev,
S.J.Butcher,
D.H.Bamford,
D.I.Stuart,
and
J.M.Grimes
(2004).
The structural basis for RNA specificity and Ca2+ inhibition of an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
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Structure,
12,
307-316.
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PDB codes:
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P.Yin,
N.D.Keirstead,
T.J.Broering,
M.M.Arnold,
J.S.Parker,
M.L.Nibert,
and
K.M.Coombs
(2004).
Comparisons of the M1 genome segments and encoded mu2 proteins of different reovirus isolates.
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Virol J,
1,
6.
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R.A.Love,
K.A.Maegley,
X.Yu,
R.A.Ferre,
L.K.Lingardo,
W.Diehl,
H.E.Parge,
P.S.Dragovich,
and
S.A.Fuhrman
(2004).
The crystal structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from human rhinovirus: a dual function target for common cold antiviral therapy.
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Structure,
12,
1533-1544.
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PDB codes:
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S.Fukushi,
S.Kojima,
R.Takai,
F.B.Hoshino,
T.Oka,
N.Takeda,
K.Katayama,
and
T.Kageyama
(2004).
Poly(A)- and primer-independent RNA polymerase of Norovirus.
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J Virol,
78,
3889-3896.
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C.T.Ranjith-Kumar,
X.Zhang,
and
C.C.Kao
(2003).
Enhancer-like activity of a brome mosaic virus RNA promoter.
|
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J Virol,
77,
1830-1839.
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J.A.Bruenn
(2003).
A structural and primary sequence comparison of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases.
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Nucleic Acids Res,
31,
1821-1829.
|
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R.A.Love,
H.E.Parge,
X.Yu,
M.J.Hickey,
W.Diehl,
J.Gao,
H.Wriggers,
A.Ekker,
L.Wang,
J.A.Thomson,
P.S.Dragovich,
and
S.A.Fuhrman
(2003).
Crystallographic identification of a noncompetitive inhibitor binding site on the hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA polymerase enzyme.
|
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J Virol,
77,
7575-7581.
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PDB code:
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R.Esteban,
and
T.Fujimura
(2003).
Launching the yeast 23S RNA Narnavirus shows 5' and 3' cis-acting signals for replication.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
100,
2568-2573.
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X.Xu,
Y.Liu,
S.Weiss,
E.Arnold,
S.G.Sarafianos,
and
J.Ding
(2003).
Molecular model of SARS coronavirus polymerase: implications for biochemical functions and drug design.
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Nucleic Acids Res,
31,
7117-7130.
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PDB code:
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C.T.Ranjith-Kumar,
L.Gutshall,
M.J.Kim,
R.T.Sarisky,
and
C.C.Kao
(2002).
Requirements for de novo initiation of RNA synthesis by recombinant flaviviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases.
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J Virol,
76,
12526-12536.
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C.T.Ranjith-Kumar,
Y.C.Kim,
L.Gutshall,
C.Silverman,
S.Khandekar,
R.T.Sarisky,
and
C.C.Kao
(2002).
Mechanism of de novo initiation by the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: role of divalent metals.
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J Virol,
76,
12513-12525.
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P.Cramer
(2002).
Common structural features of nucleic acid polymerases.
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Bioessays,
24,
724-729.
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The most recent references are shown first.
Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly
from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be
only a partial list as not all journals are covered by
either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data
so more and more references will be included with time.
Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB
codes are
shown on the right.
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