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* Residue conservation analysis
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Enzyme class:
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Chains A, B:
E.C.?
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DOI no:
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J Mol Biol
340:405-418
(2004)
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PubMed id:
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Development of a bacterial biosensor for nitrotoluenes: the crystal structure of the transcriptional regulator DntR.
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I.A.Smirnova,
C.Dian,
G.A.Leonard,
S.McSweeney,
D.Birse,
P.Brzezinski.
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ABSTRACT
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The transcriptional regulator DntR, a member of the LysR family, is a central
element in a prototype bacterial cell-based biosensor for the detection of
hazardous contamination of soil and groundwater by dinitrotoluenes. To optimise
the sensitivity of the biosensor for such compounds we have chosen a rational
design of the inducer-binding cavity based on knowledge of the three-dimensional
structure of DntR. We report two crystal structures of DntR with acetate
(resolution 2.6 angstroms) and thiocyanate (resolution 2.3 angstroms),
respectively, occupying the inducer-binding cavity. These structures allow for
the construction of models of DntR in complex with salicylate (Kd approximately
or = 4 microM) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene that provide a basis for the design of
mutant DntR with enhanced specificity for dinitrotoluenes. In both crystal
structures DntR crystallises as a homodimer with a "head-to-tail"
arrangement of monomers in the asymmetric unit. Analysis of the crystal
structure has allowed the building of a full-length model of DntR in its
biologically active homotetrameric form consisting of two
"head-to-head" dimers. The implications of this model for the
mechanism of transcription regulation by LysR proteins are discussed.
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Selected figure(s)
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Figure 5.
Figure 5. DntR–ligand interactions. Stereoviews showing
substrate–protein interactions for the acetate-bound crystals
(a) and for the models of DntR containing salicylate (b) and
2,4-DNT (c) in the inducer-binding cavities. The surface defined
by protein residues is shown in light purple. Both side-chain
and main-chain atoms of amino acid residues that line the
inducer-binding cavity are shown in ball-and-stick
representation with carbon atoms coloured grey, oxygen atoms red
and nitrogen atoms blue. Acetate, salicylate and 2,4-DNT are
also shown in ball-and-stick mode with carbon atoms coloured
yellow, oxygen atoms red and nitrogen atoms blue. Water
molecules are shown as red spheres. Direct and water-mediated
hydrogen bonding interactions are shown as green and yellow
broken lines, respectively.
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Figure 6.
Figure 6. The DntR homotetramer. (a) A ribbon
representation of the homotetramer of DntR. The two molecules
that make up the dimer in the asymmetric unit of the DntR
crystals are shown in red and blue, respectively. The arrows
indicate the position of the linker helices of the monomers B.
The homotetramer is the result of the interaction of two
homodimers related by a crystallographic symmetry such that the
two dimers that constitute the homotetramer have co-ordinates
(x, y, z) and (1−x, y, 1/2−z).
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The above figures are
reprinted
by permission from Elsevier:
J Mol Biol
(2004,
340,
405-418)
copyright 2004.
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Figures were
selected
by an automated process.
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Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference
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PubMed id
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Reference
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A.de Las Heras,
and
V.de Lorenzo
(2011).
Cooperative amino acid changes shift the response of the σ(54) -dependent regulator XylR from natural m-xylene towards xenobiotic 2,4-dinitrotoluene.
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Mol Microbiol,
79,
1248-1259.
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G.S.Joshi,
C.E.Bobst,
and
F.R.Tabita
(2011).
Unravelling the regulatory twist - regulation of CO(2) fixation in Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA010 mediated by atypical response regulator(s)(†).
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Mol Microbiol,
80,
756-771.
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G.S.Knapp,
and
J.C.Hu
(2010).
Specificity of the E. coli LysR-type transcriptional regulators.
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PLoS One,
5,
e15189.
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S.Sainsbury,
J.Ren,
J.E.Nettleship,
N.J.Saunders,
D.I.Stuart,
and
R.J.Owens
(2010).
The structure of a reduced form of OxyR from Neisseria meningitidis.
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BMC Struct Biol,
10,
10.
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PDB code:
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B.Hou,
F.Li,
X.Yang,
and
G.Hong
(2009).
A small functional intramolecular region of NodD was identified by mutation.
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Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai),
41,
822-830.
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G.H.Lang,
and
N.Ogawa
(2009).
Mutational analysis of the inducer recognition sites of the LysR-type transcriptional regulator TfdT of Burkholderia sp. NK8.
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Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,
83,
1085-1094.
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G.S.Knapp,
and
J.C.Hu
(2009).
The oligomerization of CynR in Escherichia coli.
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Protein Sci,
18,
2307-2315.
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G.S.Knapp,
J.W.Tsai,
and
J.C.Hu
(2009).
The oligomerization of OxyR in Escherichia coli.
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Protein Sci,
18,
101-107.
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S.H.Craven,
O.C.Ezezika,
S.Haddad,
R.A.Hall,
C.Momany,
and
E.L.Neidle
(2009).
Inducer responses of BenM, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator from Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1.
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Mol Microbiol,
72,
881-894.
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PDB codes:
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S.Sainsbury,
L.A.Lane,
J.Ren,
R.J.Gilbert,
N.J.Saunders,
C.V.Robinson,
D.I.Stuart,
and
R.J.Owens
(2009).
The structure of CrgA from Neisseria meningitidis reveals a new octameric assembly state for LysR transcriptional regulators.
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Nucleic Acids Res,
37,
4545-4558.
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PDB codes:
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D.Monferrer,
T.Tralau,
M.A.Kertesz,
S.Panjikar,
and
I.Usón
(2008).
High crystallizability under air-exclusion conditions of the full-length LysR-type transcriptional regulator TsaR from Comamonas testosteroni T-2 and data-set analysis for a MIRAS structure-solution approach.
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Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun,
64,
764-769.
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S.E.Maddocks,
and
P.C.Oyston
(2008).
Structure and function of the LysR-type transcriptional regulator (LTTR) family proteins.
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Microbiology,
154,
3609-3623.
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S.Sainsbury,
J.Ren,
N.J.Saunders,
D.I.Stuart,
and
R.J.Owens
(2008).
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of CrgA, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator from pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis MC58.
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Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun,
64,
797-801.
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O.C.Ezezika,
S.Haddad,
E.L.Neidle,
and
C.Momany
(2007).
Oligomerization of BenM, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator: structural basis for the aggregation of proteins in this family.
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Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun,
63,
361-368.
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PDB codes:
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S.Picossi,
B.R.Belitsky,
and
A.L.Sonenshein
(2007).
Molecular mechanism of the regulation of Bacillus subtilis gltAB expression by GltC.
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J Mol Biol,
365,
1298-1313.
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M.C.Peck,
R.F.Fisher,
and
S.R.Long
(2006).
Diverse flavonoids stimulate NodD1 binding to nod gene promoters in Sinorhizobium meliloti.
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J Bacteriol,
188,
5417-5427.
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S.van Sint Fiet,
J.B.van Beilen,
and
B.Witholt
(2006).
Selection of biocatalysts for chemical synthesis.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
103,
1693-1698.
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T.C.Galvão,
and
V.de Lorenzo
(2006).
Transcriptional regulators à la carte: engineering new effector specificities in bacterial regulatory proteins.
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Curr Opin Biotechnol,
17,
34-42.
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A.Brencic,
and
S.C.Winans
(2005).
Detection of and response to signals involved in host-microbe interactions by plant-associated bacteria.
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Microbiol Mol Biol Rev,
69,
155-194.
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A.W.Dangel,
J.L.Gibson,
A.P.Janssen,
and
F.R.Tabita
(2005).
Residues that influence in vivo and in vitro CbbR function in Rhodobacter sphaeroides and identification of a specific region critical for co-inducer recognition.
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Mol Microbiol,
57,
1397-1414.
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M.C.Justino,
J.B.Vicente,
M.Teixeira,
and
L.M.Saraiva
(2005).
New genes implicated in the protection of anaerobically grown Escherichia coli against nitric oxide.
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J Biol Chem,
280,
2636-2643.
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The most recent references are shown first.
Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly
from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be
only a partial list as not all journals are covered by
either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data
so more and more references will be included with time.
Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB
code is
shown on the right.
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}
}
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