Protein Data Bank in Europe

Succinyl-CoA + enzyme N(6)-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N(6)-(S-succinyldihydrolipoyl)lysine

Phosphoenolpyruvate + D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H(2)O = 3-deoxy-D-arabino-hept-2-ulosonate 7-phosphate + phosphate

Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing branched (1->3)-alpha-D-galactosidic residues, producing free D-galactose

UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + NAD(+) = UDP-beta-L-threo-pentapyranos-4-ulose + CO(2) + NADH

D-galactose + O(2) = D-galacto-hexodialdose + H(2)O(2)

IMP + diphosphate = hypoxanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

(1a) an (RNA) containing cytidine = an (RNA)-3'-cytidine-2',3'-cyclophosphate + a 5'-hydroxy-ribonucleotide-3'-(RNA)

dUTP + H(2)O = dUMP + diphosphate

Purine deoxynucleoside + phosphate = purine + 2'-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)-5-((5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamino)methylideneamino)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-((5-phospho-1-deoxy-D-ribulos-1-ylamino)methylideneamino)-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)-ATP + diphosphate = ATP + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

A phosphate monoester + H(2)O = an alcohol + phosphate

ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein

L-homoserine + NAD(P)(+) = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NAD(P)H

Geranyl diphosphate = gamma-terpinene + diphosphate

Geranyl diphosphate = alpha-terpinene + diphosphate

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine in DNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-6-methyladenine in DNA 

6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(2)O = 6-phospho-D-gluconate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = glycerone phosphate

Acetyl-CoA + phosphate = CoA + acetyl phosphate

Release of N-terminal proline from a peptide.

Release of an N-terminal amino acid, Xaa-|-Yaa-, in which Xaa is preferably Leu, but may be other amino acids including Pro although not Arg or Lys, and Yaa may be Pro. Amino acid amides and methyl esters are also readily hydrolyzed, but rates on arylamides are exceedingly low.

GTP + H(2)O = GDP + phosphate

17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O(2) = 3-beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + acetate + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H(2)O

ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO(3)(-) = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA

Acts on substrates that are at least partially unfolded. The cleavage site P1 residue is normally between a pair of hydrophobic residues, such as Val-|-Val

A 4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranuronate ester + H(2)O = 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid + an alcohol

2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H(2)O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin

Cleavage of peptide bonds with very broad specificity.

ATP-dependent cleavage of peptide bonds with broad specificity.

Carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = phosphate + N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

An aldehyde + NAD(P)(+) + H(2)O = a carboxylate + NAD(P)H

Diphosphate + H(2)O = 2 phosphate

L-lysine + NADPH + O(2) = N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + NADP(+) + H(2)O

4 Fe(2+) + 4 H(+) + O(2) = 4 Fe(3+) + 2 H(2)O

3'-end directed exonucleolytic cleavage of viral RNA-DNA hybrid

4 benzenediol + O(2) = 4 benzosemiquinone + 2 H(2)O

(R)-mandelonitrile = cyanide + benzaldehyde

L-asparagine + H(2)O = L-aspartate + NH(3)

(1a) L-cysteine + [enzyme]-cysteine = L-alanine + [enzyme]-S-sulfanylcysteine

L-cystathionine + H(2)O = L-homocysteine + NH(3) + pyruvate

2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H(2)O = glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate

(1a) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [protein]-L-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [protein]-N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine

Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose

Acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + CO(2) + [acyl-carrier-protein]

(1a) L-cystathionine = L-cysteine + 2-aminobut-2-enoate

D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = glycerone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP(+) = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + CO(2) + NADPH

(1a) S-ubiquitinyl-[E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [HECT-type E3 ubiquitin transferase]-L-cysteine = [E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L-cysteine + S-ubiquitinyl-[HECT-type E3 ubiquitin transferase]-L-cysteine

4-phosphonooxy-L-threonine + 2-oxoglutarate = (3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate + L-glutamate

Hydrolysis of alpha-(2->3)-, alpha-(2->6)-, alpha-(2->8)- glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic acid residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid and synthetic substrates.

Hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins

2 glutathione + ROOH = glutathione disulfide + H(2)O + ROH

Nitric oxide + H(2)O + ferricytochrome c = nitrite + ferrocytochrome c + 2 H(+)

ATP + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1)

NH(3) + 2 H(2)O + 6 ferricytochrome c = nitrite + 6 ferrocytochrome c + 7 H(+)

Endopeptidase with a preference for cleavage when the P1 position is occupied by Glu-|- and the P1' position is occupied by Gly-|-

Formyl-L-methionyl peptide + H(2)O = formate + methionyl peptide

N-acetyl-O-acetylneuraminate + H(2)O = N-acetylneuraminate + acetate

ATP + H(2)O + cellular protein(Side 1) = ADP + phosphate + cellular protein(Side 2)

(S)-dihydroorotate + fumarate = orotate + succinate

An acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(+) = a trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADH

4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + glyoxylate

NTP + H(2)O = NDP + phosphate

ATP + H(2)O + 4 H(+)(Side 1) = ADP + phosphate + 4 H(+)(Side 2)

(Polyphosphate)(n) + H(2)O = (polyphosphate)(n-1) + phosphate

ATP + L-glutamate + NH(3) = ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine

N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate = 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate

5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

ATP + pyruvate = ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate

5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H(2)O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

ATP + UMP = ADP + UDP

(1a) L-glutamine + H(2)O = L-glutamate + NH(3)

Endohydrolysis of RNA in RNA/DNA hybrids. Three different cleavage modes: 1. sequence-specific internal cleavage of RNA. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and Moloney murine leukemia virus enzymes prefer to cleave the RNA strand one nucleotide away from the RNA-DNA junction. 2. RNA 5'-end directed cleavage 13-19 nucleotides from the RNA end. 3. DNA 3'-end directed cleavage 15-20 nucleotides away from the primer terminus.

(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + NADP(+) = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + NADPH

1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(2)O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate

A chalcone = a flavanone

A beta-lactam + H(2)O = a substituted beta-amino acid

3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + a phenol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an aryl sulfate

2 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H(+) = D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + CO(2) + H(2)O

Oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H(2)O = [acyl-carrier-protein] + oleate

RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP = dihydrofolate + dTMP

5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate = (S)-allantoin + CO(2)

ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phosphate-D-gluconate = pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Hydrolysis of proteins to small peptides in the presence of ATP and magnesium. Alpha-Casein is the usual test substrate. In the absence of ATP, only oligopeptides shorter than five residues are hydrolyzed (such as succinyl-Leu-Tyr-|-NHMec; and Leu-Tyr-Leu-|-Tyr-Trp, in which cleavage of the -Tyr-|-Leu- and -Tyr-|-Trp bonds also occurs).

Autocatalytic release of the core protein from the N-terminus of the togavirus structural polyprotein by hydrolysis of a -Trp-|-Ser- bond.

Selective hydrolysis of -Xaa-Xaa-|-Yaa- bonds in which each of the Xaa can be either Arg or Lys and Yaa can be either Ser or Ala.

A phenyl acetate + H(2)O = a phenol + acetate

Nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1)

Hydrolysis of four peptide bonds in the viral precursor polyprotein, commonly with Asp or Glu in the P6 position, Cys or Thr in P1 and Ser or Ala in P1'.

Triacylglycerol + H(2)O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate

Hydrolyzes glutaminyl bonds, and activity is further restricted by preferences for the amino acids in P6 - P1' that vary with the species of potyvirus, e.g. Glu-Xaa-Xaa-Tyr-Xaa-Gln-|-(Ser or Gly) for the enzyme from tobacco etch virus. The natural substrate is the viral polyprotein, but other proteins and oligopeptides containing the appropriate consensus sequence are also cleaved.

Hydrolyzes a Gly-|-Gly bond at its own C-terminus, commonly in the sequence -Tyr-Xaa-Val-Gly-|-Gly, in the processing of the potyviral polyprotein.

Cutin + H(2)O = cutin monomers

Maltose = alpha,alpha-trehalose

10-formyltetrahydrofolate + UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinose = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose

Peptidylproline (omega=180) = peptidylproline (omega=0)

Choline = trimethylamine + acetaldehyde

2 bilirubin + O(2) = 2 biliverdin + 2 H(2)O

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 5'-(N(7)-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-(ribonucleotide)-[mRNA] = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 5'-(N(7)-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-(2'-O-methyl-ribonucleotide)-[mRNA]

[a protein]-serine/threonine phosphate + H(2)O = [a protein]-serine/threonine + phosphate

Endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal beta-D-glucans

L-histidinol phosphate + H(2)O = L-histidinol + phosphate

Endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides containing three or more (1->4)-alpha-linked D-glucose units

Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactolipids

D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H(2)O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate

Hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-L-rhamnose residues in alpha-L-rhamnosides

N-carbamoylputrescine + H(2)O = putrescine + CO(2) + NH(3)

Succinate semialdehyde + NAD(P)(+) + H(2)O = succinate + NAD(P)H

L-lysine = cadaverine + CO(2)

Eliminative cleavage of alginate to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends and beta-D-mannuronate at their reducing end.

ATP + thymidine = ADP + thymidine 5'-phosphate

TSAVLQ-|-SGFRK-NH(2) and SGVTFQ-|-GKFKK the two peptides corresponding to the two self-cleavage sites of the SARS 3C-like proteinase are the two most reactive peptide substrates. The enzyme exhibits a strong preference for substrates containing Gln at P1 position and Leu at P2 position.

A glutathione-S-conjugate + H(2)O = an (L-cysteinylglycine)-S-conjugate + L-glutamate

Thiol-dependent hydrolysis of ester, thioester, amide, peptide and isopeptide bonds formed by the C-terminal Gly of ubiquitin (a 76-residue protein attached to proteins as an intracellular targeting signal).

(R)-pantoate + NADP(+) = 2-dehydropantoate + NADPH

Preferential cleavage at the carboxyl of hydrophobic amino acids, but fails to cleave 15-Leu-|-Tyr-16, 16-Tyr-|-Leu-17 and 24-Phe-|-Phe-25 of insulin B chain. Activates trypsinogen, and degrades keratin.

Deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1)

Hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose and similar substrates, releasing cellobiose from the reducing ends of the chains.

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uracil(1498) in 16S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(3)-methyluracil(1498) in 16S rRNA 

L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + O(2) = (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-arginine + succinate + CO(2)

ATP + nucleoside diphosphate = ADP + nucleoside triphosphate

Acetyl-CoA + a 2-deoxystreptamine antibiotic = CoA + N(3)-acetyl-2-deoxystreptamine antibiotic

(S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH

ATP + AMP = 2 ADP

Cleaves proteins of the adenovirus and its host cell at two consensus sites: -Yaa-Xaa-Gly-Gly-|-Xaa- and -Yaa-Xaa-Gly-Xaa-|-Gly- (in which Yaa is Met, Ile or Leu, and Xaa is any amino acid).

(S)-ureidoglycolate = glyoxylate + urea

An alpha-L-fucoside + H(2)O = L-fucose + an alcohol

ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein N-phospho-L-histidine

ATP + thiamine = AMP + thiamine diphosphate

Alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H(2)O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + NH(3)

5-hydroxyisourate + H(2)O = 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate

Beta-D-ribopyranose = beta-D-ribofuranose

ATP + glycerol = ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

NAD(+) + protein-L-arginine = nicotinamide + N(omega)-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-protein-L-arginine

Succinate + a quinone = fumarate + a quinol

GDP-beta-L-fucose + NADP(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + NADPH

H(2) + A = AH(2)

Pectin + n H(2)O = n methanol + pectate

Selective cleavage of Gln-|-Gly bond in the poliovirus polyprotein. In other picornavirus reactions Glu may be substituted for Gln, and Ser or Thr for Gly.

Selective cleavage of Tyr-|-Gly bond in picornavirus polyprotein.

Pyruvate + L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde = (4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(2S)-dipicolinate + H(2)O

ATP + L-tyrosine + tRNA(Tyr) = AMP + diphosphate + L-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr)

(3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = trans-2(or 3)-enoyl-CoA + H(2)O

N(1)-methylguanine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + L-methionine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + CO(2) + H(2)O

Palmitoyl-CoA + H(2)O = CoA + palmitate

AMP + H(2)O = D-ribose 5-phosphate + adenine

A C(21)-steroid + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O(2) = a 17-alpha-hydroxy-C(21)-steroid + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H(2)O

ATP + H(2)O + a folded polypeptide = ADP + phosphate + an unfolded polypeptide

A (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + a UDP-3-O-((3R)-hydroxyacyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine = a UDP-2-N,3-O-bis((3R)-3-hydroxyacyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine + a holo-[acyl-carrier-protein]

Preferential cleavage: (Ac)(2)-L-Lys-D-Ala-|-D-Ala. Also transpeptidation of peptidyl-alanyl moieties that are N-acyl substituents of D-alanine.

5'-deoxyadenosine + H(2)O = 5-deoxy-D-ribose + adenine

A 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate + H(2)O = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside + phosphate

An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone + H(2)O = an N-acyl-L-homoserine

ATP + L-proline + tRNA(Pro) = AMP + diphosphate + L-prolyl-tRNA(Pro)

ATP + L-histidine + tRNA(His) = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His)

ATP + H(2)O = ADP + phosphate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH

1-haloalkane + H(2)O = a primary alcohol + halide

(GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala))(n)-diphosphoundecaprenol + GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol = (GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala))(n+1)-diphosphoundecaprenol + undecaprenyl diphosphate

The C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site in DNA is broken by a beta-elimination reaction, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'-phosphate

L-histidine-[translation elongation factor 2] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-((3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-L-histidine-[translation elongation factor 2] + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

ATP + propanoyl-CoA + HCO(3)(-) = ADP + phosphate + (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

4-fumarylacetoacetate + H(2)O = acetoacetate + fumarate

A (5-L-glutamyl)-peptide + an amino acid = a peptide + a 5-L-glutamyl amino acid

Release of N-terminal amino acids, preferentially methionine, from peptides and arylamides.