Protein Data Bank in Europe

Endonucleolytic cleavage at a junction such as a reciprocal single-stranded crossover between two homologous DNA duplexes (Holliday junction)

A phosphate monoester + H(2)O = an alcohol + phosphate

ATP + pyridoxal = ADP + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

dUTP + H(2)O = dUMP + diphosphate

Purine deoxynucleoside + phosphate = purine + 2'-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate

Uridine + phosphate = uracil + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate 

ATP + molybdopterin = diphosphate + adenylyl-molybdopterin

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-xylo-hex-4-ulose + H(2)O

3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholanate + NAD(+) = 3-alpha,12-alpha-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5-beta-cholanate + NADH

(S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate = fumarate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

Isochorismate + H(2)O = (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate + pyruvate

Acts on substrates that are at least partially unfolded. The cleavage site P1 residue is normally between a pair of hydrophobic residues, such as Val-|-Val

N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + L-glutamate = L-ornithine + N-acetyl-L-glutamate

Diphosphate + H(2)O = 2 phosphate

L-lysine + NADPH + O(2) = N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + NADP(+) + H(2)O

4 Fe(2+) + 4 H(+) + O(2) = 4 Fe(3+) + 2 H(2)O

3'-end directed exonucleolytic cleavage of viral RNA-DNA hybrid

4 benzenediol + O(2) = 4 benzosemiquinone + 2 H(2)O

Hydrolysis of proteins to small peptides in the presence of ATP and magnesium. Alpha-Casein is the usual test substrate. In the absence of ATP, only oligopeptides shorter than five residues are hydrolyzed (such as succinyl-Leu-Tyr-|-NHMec; and Leu-Tyr-Leu-|-Tyr-Trp, in which cleavage of the -Tyr-|-Leu- and -Tyr-|-Trp bonds also occurs).

L-asparagine + H(2)O = L-aspartate + NH(3)

Acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + CO(2) + [acyl-carrier-protein]

4-phosphonooxy-L-threonine + 2-oxoglutarate = (3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate + L-glutamate

Hydrolysis of alpha-(2->3)-, alpha-(2->6)-, alpha-(2->8)- glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic acid residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid and synthetic substrates.

Hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins

Nitric oxide + H(2)O + ferricytochrome c = nitrite + ferrocytochrome c + 2 H(+)

Pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + H(2)O + O(2) = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + NH(3) + H(2)O(2)

ATP + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1)

TSAVLQ-|-SGFRK-NH(2) and SGVTFQ-|-GKFKK the two peptides corresponding to the two self-cleavage sites of the SARS 3C-like proteinase are the two most reactive peptide substrates. The enzyme exhibits a strong preference for substrates containing Gln at P1 position and Leu at P2 position.

N-acetyl-O-acetylneuraminate + H(2)O = N-acetylneuraminate + acetate

ATP + H(2)O + cellular protein(Side 1) = ADP + phosphate + cellular protein(Side 2)

(S)-dihydroorotate + fumarate = orotate + succinate

An acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(+) = a trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADH

NTP + H(2)O = NDP + phosphate

ATP + H(2)O + 4 H(+)(Side 1) = ADP + phosphate + 4 H(+)(Side 2)

ATP + L-glutamate + NH(3) = ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine

ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA

Endohydrolysis of RNA in RNA/DNA hybrids. Three different cleavage modes: 1. sequence-specific internal cleavage of RNA. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and Moloney murine leukemia virus enzymes prefer to cleave the RNA strand one nucleotide away from the RNA-DNA junction. 2. RNA 5'-end directed cleavage 13-19 nucleotides from the RNA end. 3. DNA 3'-end directed cleavage 15-20 nucleotides away from the primer terminus.

A beta-lactam + H(2)O = a substituted beta-amino acid

2 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H(+) = D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + CO(2) + H(2)O

RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP = dihydrofolate + dTMP

Angiotensin II + H(2)O = angiotensin-(1-7) + L-phenylalanine

ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate

(R)-mandelonitrile = cyanide + benzaldehyde

(1a) [enzyme]-L-histidine + 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate = [enzyme]-N(tau)-phospho-L-histidine + 2/3-phospho-D-glycerate

Selective hydrolysis of -Xaa-Xaa-|-Yaa- bonds in which each of the Xaa can be either Arg or Lys and Yaa can be either Ser or Ala.

Nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1)

Hydrolysis of four peptide bonds in the viral precursor polyprotein, commonly with Asp or Glu in the P6 position, Cys or Thr in P1 and Ser or Ala in P1'.

L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NAD(+) + H(2)O = L-glutamate + NADH

Peptidylproline (omega=180) = peptidylproline (omega=0)

2 bilirubin + O(2) = 2 biliverdin + 2 H(2)O

Endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal beta-D-glucans

Endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides containing three or more (1->4)-alpha-linked D-glucose units

Hydrolysis of terminal (1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues successively from non-reducing ends of the chains with release of beta-D-glucose

Hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-L-rhamnose residues in alpha-L-rhamnosides

N-carbamoylputrescine + H(2)O = putrescine + CO(2) + NH(3)

RH + Cl(-) + H(2)O(2) = RCl + 2 H(2)O

L-lysine = cadaverine + CO(2)

Eliminative cleavage of (1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonan to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends

ATP + thymidine = ADP + thymidine 5'-phosphate

L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol

Thiol-dependent hydrolysis of ester, thioester, amide, peptide and isopeptide bonds formed by the C-terminal Gly of ubiquitin (a 76-residue protein attached to proteins as an intracellular targeting signal).

Deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1)

S-formylglutathione + H(2)O = glutathione + formate

L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + O(2) = (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-arginine + succinate + CO(2)

ATP + nucleoside diphosphate = ADP + nucleoside triphosphate

Acetyl-CoA + a 2-deoxystreptamine antibiotic = CoA + N(3)-acetyl-2-deoxystreptamine antibiotic

ATP + AMP = 2 ADP

ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein N-phospho-L-histidine

ATP + L-proline + tRNA(Pro) = AMP + diphosphate + L-prolyl-tRNA(Pro)

NAD(+) + protein-L-arginine = nicotinamide + N(omega)-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-protein-L-arginine

Succinate + a quinone = fumarate + a quinol

Selective cleavage of Gln-|-Gly bond in the poliovirus polyprotein. In other picornavirus reactions Glu may be substituted for Gln, and Ser or Thr for Gly.

Selective cleavage of Tyr-|-Gly bond in picornavirus polyprotein.

((1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) + H(2)O = sophorose + ((1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n-2)

2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H(2)O

Pyruvate + L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde = (4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(2S)-dipicolinate + H(2)O

A phosphatidylcholine + H(2)O = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + phosphocholine

ATP + H(2)O + a folded polypeptide = ADP + phosphate + an unfolded polypeptide

Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose

Hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides

Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-mannose residues in beta-D-mannosides

ATP + H(2)O = ADP + phosphate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH

1-haloalkane + H(2)O = a primary alcohol + halide

ATP + N-acetyl-L-glutamate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-phosphate

2-iminobutanoate + H(2)O = 2-oxobutanoate + NH(3)

L-lysyl-tRNA(Lys) + phosphatidylglycerol = tRNA(Lys) + 3-O-L-lysyl-1-O-phosphatidylglycerol

Succinyl-CoA + enzyme N(6)-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N(6)-(S-succinyldihydrolipoyl)lysine

Phosphoenolpyruvate + D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H(2)O = 3-deoxy-D-arabino-hept-2-ulosonate 7-phosphate + phosphate

IMP + diphosphate = hypoxanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

ATP + D-xylulose = ADP + D-xylulose 5-phosphate

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + pseudouridine(1915) in 23S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(3)-methylpseudouridine(1915) in 23S rRNA

L-rhamnonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate + H(2)O

(2S)-2-hydroxy-3,4-dioxopentyl phosphate = 3-hydroxy-2,4-dioxopentyl phosphate

6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(2)O = 6-phospho-D-gluconate

(S)-ureidoglycolate = glyoxylate + urea

A 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate + H(2)O = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside + phosphate

GTP + H(2)O = GDP + phosphate

O-phospho-L(or D)-serine + H(2)O = L(or D)-serine + phosphate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate + NAD(P)(+) + H(2)O = (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + NAD(P)H

ATP-dependent cleavage of peptide bonds with broad specificity.

Blasticidin S + H(2)O = deaminohydroxyblasticidin S + NH(3)

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a catechol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a guaiacol

Chorismate = prephenate

L-cystathionine + H(2)O = L-homocysteine + NH(3) + pyruvate

Triacylglycerol + H(2)O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate

(1a) L-cystathionine = L-cysteine + 2-aminobut-2-enoate

CoA-(4'-phosphopantetheine) + apo-[acyl-carrier-protein] = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + holo-[acyl-carrier-protein]

Random endo-hydrolysis of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide (1->4)-beta-linkages in chitin and chitodextrins

NADH + ROOH + H(+) = NAD(+) + H(2)O + ROH

GTP + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate = diphosphate + GDP-mannose

Hydrolyzes poly(ADP-D-ribose) at glycosidic (1''-2') linkage of ribose-ribose bond to produce free ADP-D-ribose

5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H(2)O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

Isocitrate = succinate + glyoxylate

N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H(2)O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate

GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate

S-adenosyl 3-(methylthio)propylamine + putrescine = 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + spermidine

D-xylopyranose = D-xylulose

Cleaves -Ala-|-Ser- and -Ala-|-Ala- bonds in the scaffold protein.

Maltose = alpha,alpha-trehalose

5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)(+) = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H

An aldehyde + H(2)O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = a carboxylate + 2 H(+) + 2 reduced ferredoxin

5-hydroxyisourate + H(2)O = 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate

(S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH

2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde

Preferential cleavage: Glu-|-, Asp-|-.

Hydrolyzes single-stranded DNA or mismatched double-stranded DNA and polynucleotides, releasing free uracil

ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA

An alpha-L-fucoside + H(2)O = L-fucose + an alcohol

Hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 5'-(N(7)-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-(ribonucleotide)-[mRNA] = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 5'-(N(7)-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-(2'-O-methyl-ribonucleotide)-[mRNA]

ATP + GTP = AMP + guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate

NAD(P)H + a quinone = NAD(P)(+) + a hydroquinone

ATP + glycerol = ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

2 nitric oxide + 2 O(2) + NAD(P)H = 2 nitrate + NAD(P)(+) + H(+)

An aldehyde + NAD(+) + H(2)O = a carboxylate + NADH

3-dehydroquinate = 3-dehydroshikimate + H(2)O

Limited hydrolysis of proteins of the neuroexocytosis apparatus, synaptobrevin (also known as neuronal vesicle-associated membrane protein, VAMP), synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP25) or syntaxin. No detected action on small molecule substrates.

A primary alcohol + NAD(+) = an aldehyde + NADH

AMP + H(2)O = D-ribose 5-phosphate + adenine

L-homoserine + NAD(P)(+) = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NAD(P)H

Preferential cleavage: (Ac)(2)-L-Lys-D-Ala-|-D-Ala. Also transpeptidation of peptidyl-alanyl moieties that are N-acyl substituents of D-alanine.

5'-deoxyadenosine + H(2)O = 5-deoxy-D-ribose + adenine

(GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala))(n)-diphosphoundecaprenol + GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol = (GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala))(n+1)-diphosphoundecaprenol + undecaprenyl diphosphate

The C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site in DNA is broken by a beta-elimination reaction, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'-phosphate

4-fumarylacetoacetate + H(2)O = acetoacetate + fumarate

NADPH + NAD(+) + H(+)(Side 1) = NADP(+) + H(+)(Side 2) + NADH

1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)-ATP + diphosphate = ATP + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein

A C(21)-steroid + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O(2) = a 17-alpha-hydroxy-C(21)-steroid + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H(2)O

Cleavage of peptide bonds with very broad specificity.

2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H(2)O = glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate

A phenyl acetate + H(2)O = a phenol + acetate

17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O(2) = 3-beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + acetate + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H(2)O

L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + NADP(+) = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + NADPH

Oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H(2)O = [acyl-carrier-protein] + oleate

5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate = (S)-allantoin + CO(2)

Autocatalytic release of the core protein from the N-terminus of the togavirus structural polyprotein by hydrolysis of a -Trp-|-Ser- bond.

2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H(2)O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin

ATP + thiamine = AMP + thiamine diphosphate

GDP-beta-L-fucose + NADP(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + NADPH

H(2) + A = AH(2)

ATP + L-tyrosine + tRNA(Tyr) = AMP + diphosphate + L-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr)

Palmitoyl-CoA + H(2)O = CoA + palmitate

An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone + H(2)O = an N-acyl-L-homoserine