TCF-19, also termed transcription factor SC1, was identified as a putative trans-activating factor with expression beginning at the late G1-S boundary in dividing cells [[cite:PUB00088919]]. It also functions as a novel islet factor necessary for proliferation and survival in the INS-1 beta cell line. It plays an important role in susceptibility to both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); it has been suggested that it may positively impact beta cell mass under conditions of beta cell stress and increased insulin demand [[cite:PUB00088921]].
\n\nTCF-19 contains an N-terminal fork head association domain (FHA), a proline rich region, and a C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger. The FHA domain may serve as a nuclear signaling domain or as a phosphoprotein binding domain. The proline rich region is a common characteristic of trans-activating factors. The PHD finger may allow TCF-19 to interact with chromatin via methylated histone H3 [[cite:PUB00048339]].
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